Objective To study the ultrasonic imaging of breast cancer with or without filling defect with contrast-enhanced ultrasound and clinical pathologic correlation.Methods The suspicious breast lesions underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination, the imaging of 1 1 9 breast cancer with pathological results were retrospectively analyzed,and the contrast enhanced ultrasound effect,distribution of contrast agent,sequence of contrast agent into the tumor,contrast enhanced ultrasound mode,perforator vessel,filling defect and flow classification were observed.Then clinical and pathological data were collected including the tumor size,clinical stage,pathological grade and the situation of micro calcification.The perfusion defect as the grouping factor,there were 37 cases of perfusion defect and 82 cases without perfusion defect.A mono-pactor and multi factor analysis was performed by the logistic regression models to the relationship between perfusion defect and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography,clinical pathological parameters.Results Both mono factor and multifactor analysis displayed that whether to display the filling defect in contrast enhanced ultrasound was associated with ultrasound contrast distribution,the sequence of contrast agent into the tumor and histological grade(χ2=19.5050,21.1210,10.3640,OR =6.977,0.261, 2.509,all P <0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size and whether to display the filling defect in contrast enhanced ultrasound were close(OR =1.692,P <0.05).Clinical stage,whether the blood flow signal penetrates was meaningful in univariate analysis but excluded in multivariate analysis.Both mono factor and multifactor analysis displayed that contrast enhanced ultrasound mode,contrast enhanced ultrasound effect,flow classification and pathological micro calcification were not associated with whether to display the filling defect.Conclusions Whether to display the filling defect and the related factors of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of benign and malignant were not completely consistent.Breast cancers with filling defects of contrast-enhanced ultrasound tend to present large masses,contrast agent distribution of peripheral enhancement,centripetal filling of ultrasound contrast agents and the higer histological grading.

Objective To investigate whether there are differences of the characteristics of the contrast‐enhanced ultrasound among breast cancer vary in size .Methods The contrast‐enhanced ultrasound perfusion mode were retrospectively analyzed in 113 cases of breast cancer patients with 119 lesions .They were divided into two groups according to the maximum diameter of the lesion based on ultrasound measured ,one group (≤2 0. cm ) 47 cases ,the other group (> 2 0. cm ) 72 cases .The characteristics and mode of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound of the lesion were analyzed ,including whether is greater than the two‐dimensional ultrasound in enhanced range ,enhanced strength ,the distribution of the contrast agent ,contrast agent perfusion sequence in lesions ,contrast mode ,and the existence of perforator vessels and perfusion defects .Results Enhanced strength ,the existence of perforator vessels and perfusion defects associated with the size of the lesions .The breast cancer lesions more than 20 cm were apt to higher enhance strength ,the presence of perfusion defects ,perforator vessels ( P < 0 0.5) .However ,there were something that had nothing to do with the size of the lesions including whether or not contrast‐enhanced ultrasound range was greater than the two‐dimensional ultrasound range ,contrast agent distribution characteristics ,contrast agent perfusion sequence in lesions ,and differences in contrast patterns ( P >0 0.5) .Regardless of breast lesions size ,the enhanced range tended to larger than two‐dimensional ultrasound range ,and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound present inhomogeneous ,centrality and integrity filling and perfusion mode of quickly rising and falling .Conclusions Within breast tumor angiogenesis is gradual .With the increase of tumor volume ,more significant vascular heterogeneity ,breast cancer lesion are more prone to uneven high perfusion ,accompanied by perfusion defects and perforating vessels ,but the main sign of differentiating benign and malignant showed consistency between different sized lumps in breast cancer ,which included whether or not contrast mode and enhanced range greater than two‐dimensional ultrasonic range .

Objective To explore the application value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in evaluating the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) on breast cancer.Methods Image features of 80 breast cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were observed and analyzed by CEUS.In the process,the changes of primary foci before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the changes of qualitative and quantitative indexes of blood perfusion were evaluated.The correlation between qualitative change and pathological response was also studied.Results The change of focus size measured by CEUS was higher than that of conventional ultrasound before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(P ＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference between the two measurements before NAC(P ＞ 0.05).All the qualitative observation indexes of the ultrasound contrast after NAC revealed obviously benign conversion(P ＜0.05).Among them,the pathological response was closely related to the changes of the enhancement degree,the distribution of the contrast agent,the order of the contrast and the contrast mode.After NAC,the perfusion parameters of the lesions showed slowly crawl and slowly retreat,low enhancement and the diminished total amount of microcirculation perfusion.Conclusions Before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy,the changes of the lesion size deteted by CEUS were more close to the pathological evaluation than those detected by conventional ultrasound.The benign outcome of qualitative and quantitative indexes of the CEUS was more obvious than the changes of the lesion size,which had practical value for guiding the neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer,especially the CEUS indexes related to pathological assessment.

Objective The purpose of this paper is to study the problems and challenges faced by the university in the management of science funds,in order to provide evidence for improving the management level of science funds at university,at the same time to provide possible reference for other universities.Methods Through retrospective analysis of the application and funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China of Chongqing Medical University during the period of 2013 to 2018.Results In recent years,the funding level of science funds in our university has entered the bottleneck period,main influencing factors include policy,talents,management and so on.Conclusions It is suggested to strengthen the top-level design of scientific research management,strengthen the training of scientific research personnel,and ensure the capability of scientific research management.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of long-term application of recombi-nant human endostatin on patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma.Methods Twenty-eight pa-tients with prostatic carcinoma were divided into control group (10 cases)treated with endocrine therapy and radiotherapy and experimental group (18 cases)added with recombinant human endo-statin.Serum total prostate specific antigen (TPSA)and free prostate specific antigen (FPSA)lev-els were detected and adverse responses were observed.Results FPSA and TPSA levels decreased evidently in both groups after treatment (P <0.01),and were obviously lower in experimental group than in control group 3,6,12 and 28 months after treatment (P <0.01).Additionally, their curve charts showed that their levels in each time point was lower in experimental group than in control group.The number of patients with myelosuppression in degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ was markedly higher in experimental group than in control group (P <0.01),but there were no significant differ-ences in those with coagulation disorders and gastrointestinal responses (P >0.05).Liver function examination indicated that aspartate transaminase (AST)and alanine transaminase (ALT)had slight increase and were improved after liver-protection therapies,which had no significant differ-ences between two groups (P >0.05).Conclusion Combined application with recombinant human endostatin has better clinical efficacy than single utilization of endocrine therapy and radiotherapy on patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma,in which the myolesuppression is the primary adverse response.

Objective To study the effects of Qilongtian on interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH)rats.Methods All male rats were ran-domly divided into six groups:normal group,model group,bosentan group,Qilongtian high-,mid-and low-group.Except the rats in normal group,those in other five groups were under atmospheric hypoxia to establish HPH model.From the first day of modeling,all medication groups were i.g corresponding drugs for consecutive three weeks.Pulmonary hemodynamic parameters were detected by right heart catheteriza-tion under direct vision,mRNA expression of IL-1βand TNF-αin lung tissue were measured using ELISA,protein expression of IL-1βand TNFαin lung tissue were measured using immunohistochemistri-cal methods.Results Qilongtian and bosentan significantly reduced the level of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP),IL-1βand TNF-αexpression in HPH rats,and the effect of Qilongtian high dosage was stronger with the dose-dependence.Compared with normal group,expression of IL-1βand TNF-αmRNA and protein increased,and those in model group and bosentan group did significantly(P <0.01). Compared with the model group,there was no significant difference in bosentan group (P >0.05),the expression level of IL-1βand TNF-αwere significantly downregulated in all Qilongtian groups (P <0.01 or P <0.05).Compared with the bosentan group and all the Qilongtian groups,there were significant differences,and the Qilongtian high-,mid-dose group had more impact (P <0.01 or P <0.05).Con-clusion High,middle and low dosage of Qilongtian reduced pulmonary hypertension,with high dosage prior to bosentan.The mechanism of lower blood pressure may be via downregulating the expression of IL-1βand TNF-α,but it would be influenced by other vascular tension factors and angiogenic factors.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of long-term application of recombi-nant human endostatin on patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma.Methods Twenty-eight pa-tients with prostatic carcinoma were divided into control group (10 cases)treated with endocrine therapy and radiotherapy and experimental group (18 cases)added with recombinant human endo-statin.Serum total prostate specific antigen (TPSA)and free prostate specific antigen (FPSA)lev-els were detected and adverse responses were observed.Results FPSA and TPSA levels decreased evidently in both groups after treatment (P <0.01),and were obviously lower in experimental group than in control group 3,6,12 and 28 months after treatment (P <0.01).Additionally, their curve charts showed that their levels in each time point was lower in experimental group than in control group.The number of patients with myelosuppression in degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ was markedly higher in experimental group than in control group (P <0.01),but there were no significant differ-ences in those with coagulation disorders and gastrointestinal responses (P >0.05).Liver function examination indicated that aspartate transaminase (AST)and alanine transaminase (ALT)had slight increase and were improved after liver-protection therapies,which had no significant differ-ences between two groups (P >0.05).Conclusion Combined application with recombinant human endostatin has better clinical efficacy than single utilization of endocrine therapy and radiotherapy on patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma,in which the myolesuppression is the primary adverse response.

The interaction between breast cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are heterogeneous stromal cells that are abundant in the tumor microenvironment. They participate in tumor angiogenesis, treatment resistance and distant metastasis by secreting a variety of cytokines, growth factors and chemokines. It has great potential as a biomarker for targeted therapy and clinical prognosis of breast cancer, and it can also provide new ideas for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer.

Objective:To analyze the laboratory test results of two outbreaks of neonatal enterovirus infections in Guangdong Province in 2019 and the genetic characteristics of Echo11, aiming to provide reference for the prevention and control of neonatal enterovirus infections.Methods:The pathogenic specimens of neonatal cases suspected of enterovirus infection were collected. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and sequencing were used for enterovirus typing and identification, and virus isolation was carried out for positive specimens.The complete sequences of VP1 of Echo11 were amplified and sequenced and the phylogenetic analysis was performed using the bioinformatics software such as Danstar6, Bioedit7.09 and MEGA6.06.Results:A total of 93 specimens from 36 neonatal cases were collected. After identification, 55 specimens from 24 cases were positive for enterovirus, of which 23 cases were positive for Echo11 and one case was positive for Coxsackievirus B4(CVB4). A total of 29 enterovirus strains were isolated from the specimens of 19 cases, of which 28 were Echo11 from 18 cases, and one was CVB4. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nucleotide homology between the 18 strains of Echo11 in this study was 98.2%-100.0%, and the nucleotide homology between the Echo11 strains causing the two neonatal infections was 99.7%-100.0% and 99.8%-100.0%, respectively. Echo11 could be divided into six genotypes as A, B, C, D, E and F, in which genotype A and genotype C were further divided into A1-5 and C1-4, and genotype D could be divided into D1-5. The 18 strains of Echo11 in this study were all subtype D5.Conclusions:In 2019, two outbreaks of neonatal infections in medical institutions in Guangdong Province were caused by Echo11, which belonged to the genotype D5.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between different obesity metabolic phenotypes and the incidence of new carotid artery plaque.Methods:The present study is a retrospective cohort study, collecting individuals from the Health Management Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University who had two or more cervical vascular color ultrasound examinations and met the inclusion criteria from 2014 to 2022, and collected their baseline clinical data. According to whether the subjects were obese and had metabolic syndrome, they were divided into metabolically healthy non-obese group, metabolically unhealthy non-obese group, metabolically healthy obese group, and metabolically unhealthy obese group. The first physical examination time of the subjects was taken as the starting point of follow-up, and cervical vascular color ultrasound was performed during the follow-up physical examination, with the outcome event being carotid artery plaque. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis was used to analyze the cumulative incidence of carotid artery plaques in the four groups and log-rank test was performed, and a multifactorial Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the relationship between different obesity metabolic phenotypes and the risk of carotid artery plaque incidence.Results:A total of 4 890 subjects were enrolled, aged (45.4±9.6) years, and 2 754 (56.3%) males. The follow-up time was 1.14(0.93, 2.20) years. Compared with the other 3 obesity metabolic phenotypes, the incidence of carotid plaques in the metabolically unhealthy obesity group was the highest (15.4% (286/1 861)). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of carotid plaques in metabolically unhealthy obese subjects was about 2.962 times that of metabolically healthy non-obese subjects (log-rank P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression results showed that the risk of carotid plaque in metabolically unhealthy obese subjects was 1.650 times that of metabolically healthy non-obese subjects (95% CI: 1.203-2.264, P=0.002). Conclusion:Metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotype is an independent risk factor for carotid plaque.