Objective To compare the differences of pharmacokinetic parameters of paclitaxel injections and liposome.Methods An high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay method was established to estimate the blood concentrations of paclitaxel after caudal vein administration of 12 mg/kg weigh.The blood concentration-time curves as well as correlated pharmaciokinetic parameters were obtained.Moreover,the data were analyzed with t-test.Results In rats,the mean drug concentration in plasma of paclitaxel injection and paclitaxel liposome were (0.18 ± 0.07)C/(mg · L) and (50 ± 9.2)C/(mg · L),respectively,and there were significant differences between the two formulations (t =5.879,P ＜ 0.01) ;compared with paclitaxel injection,the area under concentration-time curve (AUC) was bigger (17.693 ±2.657 vs 10.812 ± 2.846,t =4.892,P ＜ 0.01),the apparent volume of distribution (Vc) was smaller [(1.629 ±4.91) × 10-3 L vs (5.268 ± 1.121) × 10-3 L,t =3.75,P ＜0.01],the clearance rate(Cl)was slower[(7.2 ± 1.0) × 10-4 L vs (1.2 ±2.7) × 10-4 L,t =4.25,P ＜ 0.01],in the paclitaxel liposome.Conclusions Paclitaxel liposome has higher efficacy,longer release time,higher target tissue concentration,and lower side effects than paclitaxel injection.

Objective:To study correlation of degree spiral CT enhancement and ultrastruction and density microvessel in peripheral lung cancer.Methods:31 cases of peripheral lung cancer comfirmed by operatien and pthology were examined with spiral computed tomography of enhancement with iodiated contrast meaterial before operaton.Ultrastructure and density microvessels were observed by transmission electron microscope and immunohistochemical method by factor Ⅷ on the specimens of the resected tumors.Results:①A increase in microvessel permeability of lung cancer resulted from gap between endotheliums of microvessel,lack of basement membrane of cracking,large cancer cell space.②The degree of spiral CT enhancement was correlated with microvessel density in peripheral lung cancer(r=0.926,?

DNA vaccine is one of the hot spot in the research of vaccine now. DNA tumor vaccines mainly include tumor-associated-antigens-based completed, epitope, idiotope determinants DNA vaccine,fusion DNA vaccines, RNA self-replicating vaccines, dendritic cell-based tumor vaccines etc. The recent developments are discussed.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of compound glycyrrhizin on patients with chronic type B hepatitis.METH_ ODS:126patients with chronic type B hepatitis were randomly divided into two groups:the control group was administered with common therapy like reducing jaundice and protecting liver;the trial group was administered with compound glycyrrhizin plus the therapy of the control group.Time of therapy for both groups was8wk.RESULTS:The total effective rates for the tri_ al group and the control group were93.6%and33.3%,respectively,and significant differences were noted between groups(P

BACKGROUND: Memory impairment is the main manifestation of Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) conspicuous in the early stage. However, such patients very often develop attentional dysfunction, which may affect their normal work and daily life.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the attentional function, including continuous attention, selective attention and divided attention, of patients with mild AD and of those with MCI.DESIGN: A case-control study.SETTING: Department of neurology of a university hospital and department of psychology in a university.PARTICIPANTS: The research was completed in the Laboratory of Neuropsychology, the First Hospital of Peking University from November 2003 to January 2004. Totally 18 patients with mild AD and 19 with MCI were enrolled in this study, with 20 normal elderly subjects also included to serve as the normal control group.INTERVENTIONS: Several tests were designed to assess the attentional functions of all the subjects, including continuous performance task (CPT) test for assessing continuous attention, simplified Stroop test for selective attention, and dual task test for divided attention.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The reaction time (RT) and the percentage of false response were recorded in CPT test and Stroop test, and performance decrement in dual task test was observed.RESULTS: In CPT test, the RT of mild AD patients was much longer, and the rates of missing and false responses were higher than those of normal control group [(539.29±103.86) vs (458.47±40.87) ms, 4.08% (3. 13, 13.64) vs0.91% (0.60, 1.90), and 1.51% (0.64, 2.54) vs 0.43% (0.37, 0. 84), respectively, P ＜ 0. 05]. The difference between MCI group and normal control group failed to reach statistical significance. The rate of missing response of all the three groups grow higher with the prolongation of time, with the highest occurring in the third 5 minutes of the test.More AD patients showed sustained attention deficiency after 10 minutes of test (33.33% within 10 minutes and 77.8% within 20 minutes). In Stroop test, all the three groups tended to make more false responses under incongruous condition[11.25% (7.50, 22.50), 2.50% ( -2.50, 5.00), 2.50% (0.00, 4. 38) ], exhibiting significant interference effect, which was the most obvious in mild AD group ( P ＜ 0.05). Patients with mild AD responded more slowly than MCI patients and normal control subjects [ (579. 19 ± 89.93) ms,(524.28 ± 68. 96) ms, (486. 75 ± 51.58) ms, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 ]. MCI group made more false responses than normal control group during the whole course of the test as well as under coincident and neutral conditions[5.83% (4. 17, 8.33) vs2.92% (1.67,3.96); 5.00% (2.50, 7.50) vs0.00% (0.00, 2.50); 5.00% (2.50, 10. 00) vs 2.50% (0.00, 5.00), P ＜ 0. 05]. In dual-task test, a significant decrement in mild AD patients was noted without statistical difference between MCI and normal control group[ 1.03 (0.49,3.75),0.46 (0.08, 1.02),0. 10 ( -0.25, 0. 64), P ＜0.05]. Within mild AD group, more patients showed deficiency in Stroop test and CPT test than in dual-task test (81.25%, 77.8%, and 29.41%, respectively).CONCLUSION: Patients with mild AD suffer impairment in continuous,selective and divided attentions, especially obvious in the former two attentional functions. MCI also impairs selective attention as compared with normal aged subjects, with the continuous and divided attention remaining normal. Mild AD patients, MCI patients and normal elderly subjects all show decreased continuous attention, and longer time (than 10 ninutes) of CPT may more sensitively identify continuous attention deficit.

Objective To determine whether the sustained,selective and diverted attention functions are affected in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods Several tasks designed to test the attention functions on the computer were performed in patients with mild AD as well as elderly controls: Continuous Performance Task(CPT) for assessing sustained attention function,simplified Stroop task for selective attention function,dual task for diverted attention function.Results In CPT test,mild AD patients responded more slowly((539.29?103.86)ms vs(458.47?40.87)ms,P

BACKGROUND: The autonomous neurogenic bladder(ANB) is one of the common problems and difficulty in rehabilitation of patients with spine injury. Having the advantages of safety, non-invasion and no side-effects,functional magnetic stimulation(FMS) has been applied in central nervous system(CNS) neurotransmission, recovery from nervous exhaustion, bone healing, treatment of neural disorders and research of brain function, and so on. But the studies on treatment of ANB after spine injury are not as profound and systematic as they were needed.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of FMS in patients with ANB caused by spine injury.DESIGN: A longitudinal observation based on patients.SETTING: Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.PARTICIPANTS: From May 2003 to May 2004, 12 patients with ANB hospitalized in the Rehabilitative Medicine Department of Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were selected, 9 were male and 3 were female.METHODS: By using MagLite FMS Devices(made by Dantec, Danmark),a FMS therapy was employed at the sacral 3(S3) nerve root region and the bladder region, twice a day, 5 days a week, and a duration of 4 - 8 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The pre-and post-treatment dynamics of urine flow variables(such as, residual urine volume, maximum urethral closure pressure(MUCP), the maximum bladder capacity, the bladder pressure, and the maximum urine flow rate), the frequency of urination, the average daily amount of urine, the maximum urine volume(V max), influence of urinary symptoms on the quality of life scale and the symptom score of lower urinary tract syndrome(LUTS) were selected as main outcomes measurements.RESULTS: Nearly all of the pre-and post-treatment dynamics of urine flow variables(such as, residual urine volume, MUCP, the maximum bladder capacity, the bladder pressure and the maximum urine flow rate) exhibited significant difference( P ＜ 0. 01 - 0. 001 ), except for the bladder pressure ( P ＞ 0.05); After FMS therapy, the frequency of urination decreased and the daily amount of urine and the V max increased significantly(P ＜ 0.01-0. 001); Also, the influence of urinary symptoms on the quality of life scale and the symptom score of LUTS changed significantly( P ＜ 0. 001 ).CONCLUSION: FMS therapy can greatly and partly ameliorate the bladder function of the patients with ANB after spine injury, and it can also improve their quality of life significantly.

BACKGROUND: Having the advantages of safety, non-invasion and no side-effects, functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) has been applied in central nervous system (CNS) neurotransmission, recovery from nervous exhaustion, bone healing, treatment of neural disorders and research of brain function, and so on.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of FMS on voiding dysfunction.DESIGN: In this study, sacral third nerve root (S3) and bladder FMS was applied in treatment on patients with voiding dysfunction.SETTING: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technique. PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients with voiding dysfunction in Department of Urinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technique were recruited from June 2003 to june 2004. Of them, 3 had occult spinal dysraphism in lumbar-sacral vertebra, 4 had frequent micturition and urgency syndrome. All these three patients received long-term comprehensive treatment but had no satisfied effect. One patient had autistic disorder and underwent surgery on Hirschsprung's disease.METHODS: Eight patients with voiding dysfunction underwent S3 nerve root and bladder FMS by MagLite magnetic stimulation system (product of Dantec Company, Denmark), twice a day, five days a week and in a duration of 4-8 weeks. Quality of life (QOL) in patients with voiding dysfunction were assessed before and after treatment using the lower urinary tract syndrome (LUTS) score and QOL score (grade 0-6, lower grade represented higher QOL)as subjective measures (grade 0-5, lower grade represented better therapeutic effect).mean voided volume and the maximum voided volume before and after assessed.RESULTS: All of the 8 patients with a diagnosis of voiding dysfunction in the Department of Urology received FMS treatment and entered the statistition and urgency syndrome were improved significantly, with the urine frequency decreased, the mean voided volume increased and the urgency alleviated. Among them 3 were completely recovered and one has no thera273 and the post-treatment score was 52. Before treatment, the QOL score affected by LUTS and after treatment, the score decreased to 11.CONCLUSION: FMS can partly improve the symptoms of refractory voiding dysfunction and improve the quality of life.

Pre-disease is a condition in which characteristic symptoms are not prominent.That is to say pre-disease is lack of key proof to be diagnosed as a disease,but has common symptoms as well as signs.It is said in Inner Canon of Huangdi that "prefer prevention to treatment",which needs doctors to find unusual symptoms in early stage of diseases then take positive preventive measures to help patients regain health.Diabetes mellitus(DM) is one of the life style-related diseases which associated with unhealthy habits of human beings.Pre-diabetes mellitus mainly refers to impaired glucose tolerance(IGT).With the help of modern medical technology,doctors and patients should focus on pre-diabetes by combining TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation and health care,in order to stop DM at early stage.

Objective To study the quantitative electromyography in patients with ALS of different stages and determine the sensitive parameters for early diagnosis.Methods Quantitative electromyography was performed in 371 muscles of 60 ALS patients and 275 control muscles. MUPs parameters, the presence of spontaneous activity and the recruitment order were measured. The electromyographic data were analyzed respectively and compared with the values obtained in the control group; Results There were obviously different electromyographic patterns in each stage. Six electrophysiological stages N_0-N_5 could be discerned from the early to the most advanced phase; Compared with those of the control group, the amplitude, area, duration, SI and polyphasia of MUPs all increased significantly in N_2 ( P