Objective To discuss the value of Time-Resolved Imaging of Contrast Kinetics (TRICKS) in the diagnosis of lower extremity diseases. Methods 24 cases (27 times) with lower extremity, skeleton and blood vessel diseases undergoing TRICKS were retrospectively analyzed. There were 14 cases with both lower extremities two -segment scan, 5 cases(6 times) with one-segment scan(thigh), and 5 cases (7 times) with one-segment scan(calf). Conventional sequences were performed followed by enhanced MR angiography with the TRICKS technique. Results The TRICKS images for all cases satisfied the vascular changes and structure demonstration in arteriovenous phase, and the full circulative process of those pathological vessels were observed. The diagnostic accuracy of TRICKS angiography has been validated. Conclusion The TRICKS provides a method for imaging the change of blood flow. The vascularity in the target vascular and tumor can also be obtained. Hence TRICKS provide important information in clinical decision making.

Objective To discuss the inspect technique and methods of magnetic resonance urography(MRU)in pediatric urinary system. Methods 16 cases with urinary system diseases were analyzed retrospectively,including axial routine FRFSE T2WI with fat saturation and three-dimensional MRU. The three-dimensional(3D) imaging data were sent to AW4.2 workstation,then edited and reconstructed with maximum intensity projection(MIP) and rebuilt. Results 12 cases in 16 cases were congenital abnormality by MRU diagnosis,3 cases were Urinary system diseases and 1 case was normal. 10 cases in 16 cases were performed with surgical intervention,6 cases with medical treatment,which clinical diagnosis were consistent with MRU. 16 cases were accepted examination with B -ultrasonic,6 cases CT and 9 cases IVP. Diagnose accordance rates with MRU were B-ultrasonic 93.7%(15/16),CT 66.7%(4/6),IVP 66.7%(6/9).Conclusion MRU is a safe,convincible and convenient technique,which can provide high quality imaging,so it will be a kind of non-injury imaging method in diagnosing the diseases of pediatric urinary system diseases.

Objective: To compare the difference of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT),3-D imensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) for patients with upper esophageal carcinoma. Methods: Ten patients with upper esophageal carcinoma were treated by intensity modulated radiation therapy and 3-D imensional conformal radiation therapy at the same TPS, the difference of exposure dose between target area and critical organ was compared by dose volume histogram(DVH) with the plan target volume (PTV) must reach 95% of the prescription dose. Results: There was significant difference in dose of 95% plan target volume (PTV) (P <0.05) IMRT better than 3D-CRT. For two target conformal index and the prescription dose coverage of GTV percentage IMRT was better than 3DCRT. IMRT reduced maximum dose of spinal cord (P <0.05). There was no difference in the dose of lung and heart (P >0.05). Compared with 3D-CRT, IMRT planning has better dose distribution and protection of normal tissue. Conclusions: IMRT was better than 3DCRT, IMRT is the best radiation therapy.

Objective To solve the limitation of the wide-bound imaging from aortic arch to the bifurcation of internal and external carotid artery by changing 3D TOF MRA scan parameters, and discuss the clinical value of this technology in carotid artery angiography. Methods 108 patients with cerebrovascular disease were performed with carotid artery 3D TOF MRA. Images were performed under MIP, MPR and VR. The images of bilateral common carotid arteries, external and internal carotid artery, and vertebral artery were evaluated interactively by two independent radiologists blinded to results. Results 864 blood vessels were observed with 3D TOF MRA, including 672 normal clearly, 17 unclear, 17 congenital variants, 73 un -smooth lesion, 63 vascular stenosis, 9 vascular occlusion, 5 not display, 4 depressed downward, 4 vascular enlargement. Totally,unclear, variation and lesion blood vessels were 192. The results in combination with original image analysis could meet the need of diagonosis. Conclusion 3D TOF MRA as a noninvasive and non contrast agent imaging method can be used to select the carotid stenosis and is quite good in the value of application.

Objective To study clinical application of no phase wrap(NPW) technique in MRI. Methods 139 patients were selected and performed two sequences with and without no phase wrap in the same condition. The two kinds of images were compared. Results In the same parameter, phase wrap artifacts were seen in all images without the option of NPW. In the opposite, with the option of NPW, the artifacts disappeared. Conclusion NPW can avoid the Phase wrap artifacts .

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and feasibility in treating urethral stricture caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia in elder with transurethral implanted stent(Memotherm) under X-ray guided.Methods 47 patients included in this study,they ranged in age from 72 to 93 years,with an average age of 78.3 years,the symptom of dysuria ranged from 7 to 21 years.After 1% Lidocaine urethra mucous membrane anaesthesia,the processes of transurethral implanted stents at the most narrowing area of the urethra under X-ray guided were performed.Results The treating processes were successful in all cases(100%) one time,of them,the micturition in 43 cases was free and could act on one's own immediately after stent implantation.None having urethral restricture and lithiasis occured.Conclusion The clinical therapeutic effect was obvious using the memory alloy net-like stent for the treatment of urethral stricture caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia,it is worth promoting application in clinic.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the treatment of hilar biliary malignant obstruc tion with multiple stent drainage.Methods One hundred and twenty-seven patients with malignant biliary hilar obstruction were enrolled.The obstructions at the common hepatic duct within less than 1 cm to the junction of the left and the right hepatic duct were found in 66 cases,at the proximal common hepatic duct and the left and the right hepatic ducts in 45 cases,at the right hepatic duct in 5 cases and at the both left and right hepatic duets in 11 cases.Sixty-six patients received stent placement through the right biliary ducts and the common bile duct by puncturing the right mid-axillary line.The other 37 patients received 2 stents placement (disposed"Y"style) through the left and the right hepatic duct punc turing routway.Seven patients received 2 stents placement (disposed"┌"style) through the right hepatic duct and the common bile duct with a stent placed between the left and the right hepatic duct.Three patients had right hepatic duct stent placed first,followed by right hepatic duct and common hepatic duct stent. Twelve patients had stents placed in the right hepatic duct with external drainage from the left hepatic duct. Two patients had multiple strictures at the right hepatic duct,who got multiple external drainages.The total serum bilirubin levels were measured pre-and post-operatively.Results One hundred and twenty-seven patients with bi[iary obstraction had internal stents placed for drainage.The average total bilirubin levels among 121 patients were (283.4?175.4 )?mol/L pre-operation and (63.2?11.8)?mol/L post-operation (P

Objective To estimate the clinical effect and application value of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) on patients with lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease (LEAOD). Methods Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PAT) and PATS were performed on 127 patients with diabetic lower limb arteriosclerosis. Results Total achievement ratio was 97.64% (124/127). PTAS was failed in 3 patients, clinical symptoms disappeared or improved in 124 patients. The average ankle brachial index (ABI) before and after operation was 0.35 (0.11-0.58) and 0.87 (0.67-1.06), respectively. The difference in ABI before and after operation was significant (P<0.05). During 3-60 months following-up, arteria iliaca remained open in 53 patients, and no recurrence of clinical symptom was found. At 6, 12, 36 and 60 months after operation, the encumbered superficial femoral artery kept smooth bloodstream with a proportion of 97.78%, 91.11%, 84.44%, 75.56% in 45 patients in upper 2/3 segment and 89.66%, 79.31%, 72.41%, 65.52% in 29 patients in infer 1/3 segment, respectively. Conclusion Long-term vessel recanalization can be obtained effectively and haemodynamics index be remarkably improved with PTA and PTAS in LEAOD patients.

In order to better match the teaching hours of clinical anesthesiology with the teaching content of modem anesthesia, the teachers must take full advantage of various supplementary teaching methods in the limited teaching hours to help enhance the students' enthusiasm in active learning, help the students concentrate on the crucial points and apply their knowledge and ultimately improve the teaching quality.

BACKGROUND: Autologous bone, bone substitute materials and guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique can repair jaw defects, but the absorption speed of bone substitute materials and GBR membrane are faster than the formation speed of new bone, therefore, it affects the volume and shape of new bone.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of personalized prefabricated titanium template, autologous bone and nano-hydroxyapatite on restoration of maxillary defect in rabbit.METHODS: A total of 18 rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, and maxillary alveolar defect with 10 mm length and 5 mm high was created. The template was implanted in both two groups, and fastened with titanium screws. Autologous and nano-hydroxyapatite were placed into the defect in experimental group; neither autologous bone nor bone substitute materials were implanted into the defect in control group. New bone formation, X-ray findings, and histological changes with HE stain were carded out 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The quality of new bone in experimental group was batter than that in control group 4 weeks postoperatively, but the quality of new bone was almost the same 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively. By paired t-test, there was significant difference in new bone density between the experimental group and the control group 4 .weeks after operation (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in new bone density between the experimental group and the control group 8 and 12 weeks after operation (P > 0.05). Autologous bone and nano-hydroxyapatite can restore the defect of maxillary alveola.Personalized prefabricated titanium template can play an important role of screen membrane and external scaffold in new bone formation, and remain shape of new bone.