Objective:To investigate the effects of U0126 of different doses on the ability of low frequency magnetic stimulation promoting astrocyte migration and to select suitable dose of U0126.Method:Twenty-four adult healthy SD rats were selected to receive Injection of 0.5ml of 1% ethidium bromide(EB) in PBS into the dorsal spinal cord funiculus on the left side at T10-11 level to make located spinal cord injury models and randomly divided into four groups.The four groups were exposed to magnetic stimulation(1Hz,1.52T.30pulses)at the following dose respectively:Omg/kg U0126(control group).0.1mg/kg U0126(low-dose group), 0.2mg/kg U0126(middle-dose group),0.4mg/kg U0126(high-dose group).On the day 14 after stimulation,the rats were sacrificed and the expressions of glial fibfillary acidic protein(GFAP),microtubule associated protein-2(MAP-2),extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2(ERg1/2)and the volume of holes were detected with immunohistochemistry.Quantitative analysis 0f the expressions of GFAP,MAP-2 and ERK1/2 were performed with the image analysis system.Result:With the increase of U0126 dose,the volume of hole increased on day 14(p<0.05).In the lesion area,the expressions of GFAP and ERK1/2 could be found,while MAP-2 could not.Significant differences were revealed in the expressions of GFAP、ERK1/2 among the four groups,it Was significantly lower in U0126 groups than that in control greup(P<0.05).while the middle-dose group had similar effect with the high-dose group(P>0.05).Conclusion:U0126 of different doses all could resupinate astrocyte migrations which were coused by low frequency magnetic stimulation,and 0.2mg/kg was the suitable dose.

Objective To investigate the effect of magnetic stimulation on astrocyte migration and its mech-anism. Methods Twenty-four adult, healthy Spragne-Dawley rats were injected with 0.5 μl of 1% ethidium bro-mide (EB) in the left side of the dorsal spinal cord funiculus at the T_(10-11) level to make a local spinal cord injury mod-el. They were then randomly divided into four groups and exposed to 30 pulses of magnetic stimulation at 1 Hz and the following intensities: O T (Group A);1.9x40% T (Group B); 1.9x80% T (Group C); 1.9x100% T (Group D). On the 14th day after stimulation, the rats were sacrificed and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) were detected, and the volume of holes in the injured area of the spinal cord was measured. Quantitative analysis of the GFAP, MAP-2 and ERK1/2 expression was performed using immunohistochemistry and an image anal-ysis system. Results The volume of holes in the injured area of the spinal cord decreased with increasing stimula tion intensity. In the reduced area of the holes, the expression of GFAP and ERK 1/2 could be seen, but not MAP-2. Significant differences were revealed in the expression of GFAP and ERK 1/2 among the four groups, but it was always significantly higher in the magnetic stimulation groups than in the controls. Conclusions After magnetic stimulation, astrocytes migrate into the injured spinal cord's holes. Astroeyte migration increases with increased mag-netic stimulation intensity, which may be associated with high expression of ERK 1/2.

Objective To explore the effects of selenium enriched Spirulina platensis(Se-SP) on(antioxidation) and regeneration of rat hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy.Methods Sixty-seven percent(hepatectomy) was performed in rats after high dose(H) and low dose(L) Se-SP was given via gastric tube for 7 days.Then selenium(Se),glutathione peroxidase(GPx),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and(malondiaoldehyde)(MDA) in hepatocytes were determined.The results were compared with normal saline(giving) via gastric tube before hepatectomy(C) and sham operation(S) groups.Hepatocytes were obtained(before) operation and 24h after operation,and the expression index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen((PCNA)) in hepatocytes was detected by immunohistochemistry,and the DNA damage of hepatocytes induced by peroxide was analyzed by comet assay.Results After partial hepatectomy,Se content,GPx and SOD(activity),and PCNA expression index were obviously higher(P

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a severe autosomal recessive disease which can cause irreversible damage to patients' neural system and results in severe mental retardation.Although the institution of a lowphenylalanine (Phe) diet has been a remarkable success in preventing the devastating damage associated with untreated PKU,there are always small but consistent gap in intelligence quotient (IQ) scores and executive functioning when compared to siblings or healthy age-related control groups.During the past few years,several types of new treatment strategies,such as genetic engineering,enzyme replacement,tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4),large neutral amino acids (LNAA),low-Phe diet and liver or liver cell transplantation therapies,have been studied and improved.This paper aims to introduce the research advances in pathogenesis of PKU,the treatment methods and the related molecular mechanism.

Objective:To investigate the expression pattern of Mtsl/S100A4 in mouse spinal cord;to investigate the effects of Mtsl/S100A4 on glial cell responses.Method:The study was carried out on Mtsl/S100A4 wild type and knock-out mice.The degenerative spinal cord model was established by dorsal root or sciatic nerve injury.The de-myelinated spinal cord model was established by ethidium bromide injections.Then the expressions of S100A4,GFA P,NG2 and Mael were measured.Result:The expressions of Mtsl/S100A4 in mice spinal cord were similar to that in rats.In WT mice this protein expressed in a thin layer of fiber bundles in the tract of Lissauer,and in white matter astrocytes.There was intracellular up-regulation of Mtsl/S100A4 in white matter astrocytes of WT mice after dorsal root or sciatic nerve injury,with no difference in glial cell response between WT and KO mice.However,7 days after ethidium bromide injection,in WT mice,the astroglial reaction was restricted on operated side,where a distinct glial scar had formed.While in KO mice,no distinct glial scar formed in demyelinated area.Conclusion:Mtsl/S100A4 expression in mouse spinal cord is similar to the pattern as in rats;intracellular Mtsl/ S100A4 up-regulation does not affect glial responses in degenerative spinal cord;the presence of extracellular Mtsl/ S100A4,which entered the spinal cord after ethidium bromide induced demyelination,markedly affects the glial cell responses in demyelinative spinal cord,including glial scar formation.

Objective:To study the effects of an unique anti-inflammatory herbal preparation Zyflamend(ZF)on 7,12-dimethyl-benz anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in golden Syrian hamsters.Methods:10 hamsters were used as the blank controls.106 hamsters were treated topically on the left cheek pouch with 0.5% DMBA solution,3 times per week for 6 weeks. Then the hamsters in positive control group(n =40)were not treated afterwards,in the other 2 groups were treated by topically ap-plication of ZF of original solution(high dose,n =33)and 1 ∶1 dilution(low dose,n =33)respectively.Hamsters were sacrificed at the 24th week and tissue samples of the left cheek pouch were obtained for the examination of tumor incidence,histopathology and BrdU immunohistochemisty.Results:Gross inspection showed that the incidences of the tumor in positive,low dose and high dose groups were 86.7%,53.6%(P <0.01 )and 50.0%(P <0.01 ),histopathological examination showed that the tumor incidences were 86.7%,78.6% and 64.3%,respectively(P <0.05).High dose of ZF significantly decreased the incidence of hyperplasia , dysplasia and cancer(P <0.05);decreased BrdU-labeling index(P <0.05).Conclusion:Zyflamend may inhibit DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis and such prevention may be related to the effect of the suppression of cell proliferation.

Leveraging the centralized drug purchase platform of medical institutions in Beijing, the study measured the drug price index (DPI) and the DDD price index from 2005 to 2013, and the outcomes indicate a drop of both the drug price index and the drug price index calculated by DDD.Despite such drops however, drug price drop by itself could not curb the constant rise of drug expenses and medical costs due to changes in the structure and interval of drug administration.

Objective To investigate the variation law of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values in patients with cerebral infarction, and to explore the relationship between the changes and the prognosis of cerebral infarct patients. Methods Sixteen patients with cerebral infarction were recruited and divided into 2 groups:good recovery and poor rehabilitation. ADC and FA values were calculated in infarct areas and control areas which were the regions with symmetrical position and the same area as infarct areas. The difference of ADC and FA values in patients at acute and earlier chronic stage between the two areas were analyzed. Results ①At acute stage, ADC values in infarct areas were lower than those in control areas (P<0.05). At early chronic stage, there was no significant difference of ADC values between infarct areas and control areas (P>0.05), moreover ADC values were higher than that at acute phase (P<0.05). ②FA values in infarct areas were lower than those in control areas at both acute and early chronic stage (P<0.05). At early chronic stage, FA values were lower than those at acute stage (P<0.05). ③There was no significant difference of ADC and FA values at both acute and early chronic stage between good recovery group compared with poor rehabilitation group (P>0.05). Conclusion There are certainly rules in changes of ADC and FA values in patients with cerebral infarction at acute and earlier chronic stage.

Objective:To isolate cell spheres containing cancer stem cells (CSCs) from lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H1299) and iden-tify their biological characteristics. Methods:By adopting the method of serum-free suspension culture, A549 cells and H1299 cells were cultured on no-adhesion plate to form tumor spheres. Clone assay, CCK-8 assay, and Transwell assay were employed to observe proliferation, self-renewal and invasion of tumor spheres. Besides, RT-PCR was performed to compare the expression levels of stem cell markers between sphere cells and adherent cells. Adherent A549 cells and A549 cell spheres were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice and the tumor growth was assessed. Results:Isolated CSCs from A549 cells and H1299 cells in serum-free medium (SFM) without adhesion could grow as floating cell spheres. The results demonstrated that the self-renewal, proliferation and invasion of A549 and H1299 sphere cells were stronger than parent cells (P<0.05). When compared with adherent cells, the mRNA level of expres-sion of cell spheres' stem cell markers (Oct4 and Nanog) were significantly high (P<0.05) and A549 spheres had a stronger tumorigenici-ty in nude mice. Conclusion:SFM without adhesion can be a quick and easy method to construct stem cells model from human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and H1299.

Objective To explore the potential of creating a cat model of spinal cord infarction initiated by a photochemical reaction in terms of the neuroethology, motor evoked potential, and morphological outcomes. Meth-ods Fifteen cats were divided into three groups at random. T_13 in the spinal cord was photochemically irradiated for 40 min, 60 min or 80 min in different groups. A photochemically-induced infarction was produced by intravenous in-jection of rose Bengal (35 mg/kg) combined with immediate cold light irradiation (3000 klx) of the spinal cord.Neuroethology changes were observed every day after the surgery far 21 days, and morphological changes were exam-ined at day 21, before which the motor evoked potential was examined and compared with measurements taken before injury. Results The spinal cord infarctions induced by intravenous injection of rose Bengal plus cold light irradia-tion for 40 min were stable by day 8, while the other two groups were stable by day 12. The size of the infarction area in the spinal cord was stable, while the neuroethology, electrophysiological and histopathological changes in the cats were significant. Conclusions All of the cats demonstrated decreased functional mobility after photochemically in-duced thrombosis of the spinal cord, with corresponding pathomorphological and electrophysiologic changes. The model of infarction was stable and reliable.