[Objective]To evaluate the outcomes of treating thoracolumbar burst fractures in young adults with posterior short-segment pedicle screw fixation without fusion by analyzing the clinical and radiographic parameters.[Method]Fifty-four patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures from June 2002 to April 2006 were investigated retrospectively.Thirty-one patients were male and 23 were female.The mean age was 31 years.All patients underwent open reduction and posterior short-segment pedicle screw fixation without bone graft fusion,and had their implants removed at 12 to 20 months post-operatively.Pain status was evaluated using the visual analog scale(VAS).Changes in the anterior vertebral height ratio,Cobb′s angle,and vertebral wedge angle were measured preoperatively,postoperatively,before implant removal,and at 2 years after implant removal.[Result]Thirty-two patients were available to follow-up,with an average period of 43 months(range,36-56 months).A good correction was gained and pain was released significantly after surgery.The loss of correction was statistically significant and there were 4 patients suffering from screw broken before the instrumentation removal,however.A progressive kyphotic deformity (Cobb′s angle increased while vertebral wedge angle unchanged) was caused by the collapse of the intervertebral disc space while the reduced vertebral height was stable after the implant removal.No significant correlation was found between the final kyphosis and pain scale.[Conclusion]Short-segment pedicle screw fixation without fusion can provide good reduction and sustained corrective height if adequat indication of thoracolumbar burst fractures has been choosen.Earlier implant removal can regain local segmental motion.

Objective Through the correlation study of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and chronic heart failure to investigate the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure and provide a new method for chronic heart failure diagnosis.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight chronic heart failure patients (chronic heart failure group) were involved in this study.According to the level of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),they were divided into LVEF slightly lowing group (LVEF 40％-50％,50 patients),LVEF moderately lowing group (LVEF 30％-39％,35 patients),LVEF severely lowing group (LVEF ＜30％,43 patients).Fifty healthy people was as control group.The level of FGF-23,parathyroid hormone (PTH),creatinine (Cr),urea nitrogen (BUN),blood calcium,blood phosphorus,N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were detected.The patients in two groups were performed color Doppler ultrasonography.Results The level of FGF-23,blood phosphorus,PTH,left ventricular mass index (LVMI),NT-proBNP in chronic heart failure group were significantly higher than those in control group [68.44(55.85-94.73) ng/L,34.18(30.57-38.87) ng/L,(1.13 ± 0.13) mmol/L vs.(1.02± 0.12) mmol/L,(15.51 ± 3.99) ng/L vs.(9.97 ± 0.89) ng/L,(112.27 ± 52.02) g/m2 vs.(71.37 ± 12.95) g/m2,(6 265.3 ± 15 991.6) ng/L vs.(76.12 ± 51.80) ng/L](P ＜ 0.01).The level of blood calcium,glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in chronic heart failure group were significantly lower than those in control group [(2.28 ±0.16) mmol/L vs.(2.48 ±0.13) mmol/L,(78.28 ± 14.20) ml/ (min ·1.73 m2) vs.(85.03 ± 14.44)ml/ (min·1.73 m2)] (P ＜ 0.01).Spearman correlation analysis showed that FGF-23 had positive correlation with age (r =0.256,P ＜0.01),blood phosphorus (r =0.326,P ＜0.01),PTH (r =0.584,P ＜0.01),NT-proBNP (r =0.799,P ＜ 0.01),LVMI (r =0.540,P ＜ 0.01),and had negative correlation with blood calcium (r =-0.308,P ＜ 0.01),GFR(r =-0.527,P ＜ 0.01).The level of FGF-23 was increased when LVEF reduced.Conclusions It has significant correlation between the level of FGF-23 and the degree of chronic heart failure.It suggests that the level of FGF-23 can evaluate the myocardial systolic function and ventricular remodeling.

Objective To evaluate the value of Disposcope-guided the left-sided double-lumen tube (DLT) intubation.Methods Fifty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 47-69 yr,without difficult airway,scheduled for elective thoracic surgery,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =25 each) using a random number table:Disposcope (group D) and Macintosh direct laryngoscope (group M).Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of midazolam,propofol,sufentanil and rocuronium.Before induction (baseline,T1),before intubation (T2),immediately after successful intubation (T3),and at 1 and 3 min after intubation (T4-5),systolic blood pressure (SBP),mean airway pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded,and rate-pressure (SBP) product (RPP) was calculated.Arterial blood samples were obtained at T1-5 for measurement of plasma epinephrine (E),norepinephrine (NE),and dopamine (DOPA) concentrations.The success rate of DLT intubation at first attempt,total success rate of DLT intubation,intubation time,and development of sore throat within 24 h after surgery were recorded.Results Compared with group M,the intubation time was significantly shortened,the success rate of DLT intubation at first attempt was increased,the incidence of sore throat was decreased,and the levels of MAP,HR,RPP,E,NE and DOPA were decreased at T3-5 in D group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the baseline value at T1,the levels of MAP,HR,RPP,E,NE and DOPA were decreased at T3-5 in M group (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in D group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Disposcope-guided left-sided DLT intubation provides significant clinical value.

Objective To explore the predictive capability of different methods for difficult la-ryngoscopy and analyze its optimal cutoff value.Methods Three hundred consecutive patients (aged 18-65 years,weighing 42-88 kg,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ)scheduled to undergo general anesthe-sia and surgery were invited to participate.Difficult airway assessments were performed by thyromen-tal height (TMH),thyromental distance (TMD),sternomental distance (SMD),modified Mallam-pati test (MMT)and ratio of height and TMD (RHTMD)before anesthetic induction.Cormack-Le-hane (C-L)grade of laryngoscopy view was assessed after induction.Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value (PPV),negative predictive value (NPV)and accuracy of these tests were calculated. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC)curve of TMH was performed to determine the optimal cutoff value of TMH.Results There were 22 patients diagnosed as difficult airway.Sensitivity,specificity, PPV,NPV and accuracy of TMH were higher than those of TMD,SMD and MMT tests.Sensitivity of RHTMD was lower than that of TMH test,and specificity,PPV,NPV and accuracy of RHTMD were similar to that of TMH.The optimal cutoff value of TMH was 4.9 cm through ROC curve. Conclusion The optimal cutoff value of TMH detecting difficult laryngoscopy was 4.9 cm.Similar to RHTMD,TMH appears to be more effective for prediction of difficult laryngoscopy than TMD, SMD and MMT.

Objective To describe the clinical features, radiological and pathological characteristic and the treatment of the cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) which were appeared diffuse on angiography. Methods The related clinical information of 8 cases with AVM which were diagnosed by cerebral angiogram were reviewed and analyzed. Results 8 cases were found to be diffuse AVM. They were mostly presented with intracerebral hemorrhage. On angiography, the AVM included multiple small arterial feeders, a diffuse, wedge-shaped and puddling appearance of the contrast dye, without an identifiable compact nidus. Multiple draining veins were noted. 4 cases were underwent craniotomy, the AVM were completely removed in 2 cases, 1 case who was pretreated with embolization had residual nidus after operation, and the nidus of the other one case was not removed completely because the nidus located in the eloquent area of the brain. On histological examination, normal brain tissue were found in the abnormal AVM vessels. In the rest 4 cases, 2 patients died of repeated intracerebral hemorrhage, and the other 2 cases received no special treatment. Conclusion The diffuse cerebral AVM is different from the typical AVM on angiography and histopathology. Because of its' diffuse character, it should be treated individually. If the lesion locates in the silent areas of the brain, craniotomy should be taken, but it is difficult to remove the nidus completely.

Objective To assess the clinical results of the treatment of the 211 cases of long bone shaft fractures at lower limbs with intramedullary interlocking nails. Methods 211 cases of femoral and tibial fractures were treated chiefly with unreamed intramedullary interlocking nails and postoperative functional exercises including continuous passive motion (CPM). Results 189 cases were followed up for an average of 9 months (ranging from 4 to 26 months). All the cases achieved bone union, and no nonunion occurred. Delayed union occurred in 7 cases and limited knee joint function in 4 cases. According to the Johner-wruhs criteria, 178 cases were assessed as excellent, 24 as good and 9 as fair. The total excellent and good rate was 95.6%. Conclusions The intramedullary interlocking nail is a good device for the treatment of long bone shaft fractures at lower limbs. Its indications have become wider. It is correct to pay equal attention to the blood supply of the fractured bone and the reduction of the fracture during the operation.

Objective:To provide some thoughts for pharmaceutical treatment and care for the patients with pulmonary infection af-ter renal transplantation. Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated the whole treatment process of one case of pulmonary infection af-ter renal transplantation. According to the literatures combined with medical history, clinical symptoms and lab results, the drug treat-ment process of the patient was analyzed, and the key points of the optimized pharmaceutical care were summarized. Results: The pharmaceutical care included the dose adjustment of immunosuppressants at the early phase of the disease and after the improvement of clinical symptoms, attention paid to the interactions between multiple anti-infective drugs and immunosuppressive agents, dosage ad-justment based on the renal function of the patient, monitoring adverse drug reactions and drawing up personalized regimen. Conclu-sion:Through comprehensive medication monitoring, clinical pharmacists can help physicians develop timely and effective treatment programs and provide professional and effective pharmaceutical care for patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between isehemic lesion patterns and Suzuki's vessel grades in adult moyamoya disease(MMD).Methods Forty-four consecutive MMD patients,12 with transient ischemic attack(TIA),30 with cerebral infarct(CI)and 2 with combined TIA and CI,who were diagnosed in Jinling hospital between January of 2004 and July of 2009,were retrieved from Nanjing Stroke Registry Program.Ischemic lesions patterns of CI type of MMD were further divided into two paired subgroups including subcortical subgroup versus cortical subgroup, and subgroup of anterior cerebral circulation versus subgroup of posterior cerebral circulation.In addition,the ipsilateral vessel grades of all symptomatic hemispheres were evaluated by Suzuki's 6-grade system according to the results of cerebral angiography of internal carotid arteries.The percentage of number of hemispheres with ischemic events among the paired groups,including TIA group versus CI group,subcortical subgroup versus cortical subgroup,and subgroup of anterior cerebral circulation versus subgroup of posterior cerebral circulation,were analyzed respectively with changes of the Suzuki's grading.Results For above-mentioned each paired groups.the percentage of number of hemispheres with ischemic events was gradually decreased in the former (namely,11/26,2/13,1/8,0 and 0;15/15,9/11,1/7,0 and 0;15/15,10/11,4/7,0 and 0)and increased in the latter(namely,15/26,11/13,7/8,2/2 and 1/1;0,2/11,6/7,2/2 and 1/1;0,1/11,3/7,2/2 and 1/1 ) from grade 2 to grade 6, and the differences were statistically significant (Z = -2. 33 and P =0. 019,Z = - 4.49 and 0. 00, Z = - 3.66 and 0. 01, respectively ). Moreover, the mean value of Suzuki' s grade was lower in the former than the latter for above-mentioned three groups (2. 29 vs 2. 97, 2. 44 vs 4. 18 and 2. 62 vs 4. 13, respectively). Conclusion The ischemic lesion patterns of adult MMD is changing with the change of Suzuki' s vessel grading. The higher the Suzuki' s grade, the greater the likelihood of ischemic lesions involving the cortical areas of posterior cerebral circulation.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Qingkailing injection on RBL-2H3 cell degranulation and histamine release, and discuss the possible mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction induced by Qingkailing injection.

METHODRBL-2H3 cells were incubated with Qingkailing injection for 30 min. Then the morphological changes of cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Cell degranulation rate was detected by Alcian blue dye assay, Annexin V binding assay and beta-hexosaminidase assay, and cell histamine release rate was detected by ELISA.

RESULTDifferent concentration of Qingkailing injection can induce the typical morphological changes in RBL-2H3 cell with degranulation. The rates of degranulation and histamine release in Qingkailing injection treated cells were significantly increased and dose-dependent.

CONCLUSIONRBL-2H3 cell degranulation and histamine release can be induced by single administration of Qingkailing injection, and then induced anaphylactoid reaction, which may be one of the possible mechanisms of serious adverse induced by Qingkailing injection for the first administration in clinic.

Animals ; Basophils ; drug effects ; immunology ; physiology ; Cell Degranulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Histamine ; metabolism ; Rats

Arteriosclerosis is the leading cause of stroke, with a fatality rate surpassing that of ischemic heart disease. High-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging is generally recognized as a non-invasive and panoramic method for the evaluation of arterial plaque; however, this method requires improved signal-tonoise ratio and scanning speed. Recent advances in high-density head and neck coil arrays are characterized by broad coverage, multiple channels, and closefitting designs. This review analyzes fast magnetic resonance imaging from the perspective of accelerated algorithms for vessel wall imaging and demonstrates the need for effective algorithms for signal acquisition using advanced radiofrequency system. We summarize different phased-array structures under various experimental objectives and equipment conditions, introduce current research results, and propose prospective research studies in the future.