Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effective concentration of epidural ropivacaine for analgesia in 50% of parturients (EC50) in the first stage of labor. Methods Thirty-three ASA Ⅰ -　Ⅱ nulliparous women with 2-3 cm cervical dilatation who requested epidural analgesia were enrolled in the study. Epidural catheter was placed at L3-4 and advanced for 3-4 cm in the epidural space in a cephalad direction. 20 ml of ropivacaine solution of which the EC50 was being tested was given through the catheter into epidural space. The EC50 was determined by up-and-down sequential experiment. The initial concentration of the epidural ropivacaine being tested was decided to be 0.15% . If effective the next parturient received ropivacaine of a lower concentration; if ineffective the concentration of ropivacaine was increased in the next parturient. Each time the concentration of epidural ropivacaine increased/decreased by 0.01% . Analgesia was assessed by VAS score (1-10) . If VAS score was less than 3 within 30 min of ropivacaine administration, analgesia was defined as effective.Results Among the 33 parturients enrolled, three were excluded from the study because of uncertain analgesic efficacy. The results showed that the EC50 of epidural ropivacaine for analgesia in the first stage of labor was 0.063% [95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.05972%-0.06688%] .Conclusion The EC50 epidural ropivacaine for analgesia in the first stage of labor is 0.063 % determined by sequential experiment method.

ObjectiveTo observe the synergistic action of lower He-sea and Front-mu points in treating functional dyspepsia by adopting electroacupuncture at the lower He-sea and Frong-mu points of stomach.MethodSixty patients with functional dyspepsia were randomized into a lower He-sea group, a Front-mu group, and a combining group of lower He-sea and Front-mu points, to receive treatment once daily, 5 sessions a week, totally for 4 weeks. Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI) was tested before and after intervention, and the general therapeutic efficacy was evaluated.ResultThe total effective rate was 100.0% in the combining group, versus 90.0% in the Front-mu group and 90.0% in the lower He-sea group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The follow-up study showed that the total effective rate was 100.0% in the combining group, versus 90.0% in the Front-mu group and 85.0% in the lower He-sea group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Before treatment, therewere no significant inter-group differences in comparing Nepean Dyspepsia Symptom Index (NDSI) and Nepean Dyspepsia Life Quality Index (NDLQI)(P>0.05), while there were significant differences in comparing NDSI and NDLQI after treatment (P<0.05). ConclusionIt can improve the functional dyspepsia symptoms by using the lower He-sea point and Front-mu point together or using them separately, while the combining use can produce a more significant efficacy.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on the high-voltage-activated calcium currents [ICa(HVA)] in rat hippocampal neurons. Methods Hippocampal neurons were prepared from Wistar rats and cultured. ICa(HVA) was recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique. Different concentrations of propofol were added to the culture. The effect of propofol on ICa(HVA) Was evaluated. Results ICa(HVA) was inhibited by propofol in 300 μmol/L reduced peak ICa(HVA) by (24±6)%, (33 ±5) %, (36±7)% and(38±3)% respectively with a mean IC50 of 3.8 μmol/L and Hill coefficient of 0.35. Vmax was shifted from (4.0± 2.0) mV to (3.8 ± 1.6) mV. The V1/2 of inactivation curve was shifted from (- 32 ± 5) mV to (- 35 ± 4) mV and the slope factor was 31 ± 5 and 35 ± 6 before and after administration respectively. Conclusion Propofol produces significant inhibition of calcium currents in the central neurons which may partly explain the action of propofol on central nervous system.

The clinical laboratory equipment on hospital ship was introduced, whose status and common faults were analyzed during Philippines humanitarian medical rescue mission and 3 times of Mission of Harmony. The experience was summarized for the maintenance of the clinical laboratory equipment. The problems and countermeasures were proposed for the clinical laboratory equipment.

OBJECTIVE:To study the immunosuppressive chemical constituents from the n-butanol extract of the debark root of Tripterygium wilfordii hook.f.METHODS:Several compounds were isolated from the n-butanol extract by columns of silica gels and Sephadex LH-20,their structures were identified by NMR,MS spectral analysis and comparing with standard substances on TLC,and the immunosuppressive activity was determined.RESULTS:One of the compounds was identified as emodin,an anthraquinone,it had marked immunosuppressive effect on animal.CONCLUSION:Emodin is obtained from the plants of Tripterygium wilfordii hook.f.for the first time.

Objective To introduce the general international method for estimation of lifetime risk of developed cancer,and to estimate the lifetime risk baseline values of several kinds of cancers related to radiation exposures in China.Methods The risk estimation was based on the data from Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report (2010) and China Population & Employment Statistics Yearbook (2009),and made according to the method previously published by National Cancer Institute (NCI) in USA.Results The lifetime risk of all cancer in China in 2007 was estimated to be 27.77％,that of lung cancer 5.96％,that of breast cancer for female 3.34％,that of all leukemia 0.14％,that of thyroid cancer 0.37％.The lifetime risks of all cancer were estimated to be 32.74％ for males and 24.73％ for females,and that was 36.47％ for urban residents and 26.79％ for rural people.Conclusions The lifetime risk of all cancer for males in 2007 was about 1.25 times as much as that for females.The value of all cancer for urban residents was about 1.35 times as much as that for rural residents.The lifetime risk of developed cancers in 2007 in China is lower than that in the developed countries,such as Japan.

BACKGROUND:Femoral offset reconstruction is significant for recovering strength of abductor and the balance of soft tissue tension surrounding hip joint, maintaining joint stabilization, restoring joint function, reducing limping after replacement, decreasing prosthetic abrasion, and the incidence of joint prosthesis dislocation.
OBJECTIVE:To discuss effect of femoral offset reconstruction on hip joint function in total hip arthroplasty.
METHODS:We comparatively analyzed 20 patients (20 hips) undergoing the modular prosthesis (S-ROM) total hip arthroplasty and 19 patients (20 hips) undergoing the one modular prosthesis (Corail) total hip arthroplasty at the same time. According to Harris hip score and radiography results, hip joint function and femoral offset reconstruction rate were comparatively studied in both groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No infection, fracture, dislocation, deep venous thrombosis or neurovascular injury occurred in either group. Clinical fol ow-up results:In the modular prosthesis and one modular prosthesis groups, there was no significant difference in preoperative Harris hip score between the femoral offset reconstruction and non-reconstruction groups (P>0.05). At 12 months and the latest fol ow-up, the Harris hip score was higher in the patients with femoral offset reconstruction than those with femoral offset non-reconstruction (P<0.05). The range of abduction of hip joint was larger in patients with femoral offset reconstruction than those with femoral offset non-reconstruction (P<0.05). Radiographic fol ow-up results:significant differences in the rate of femoral offset reconstruction were detected between the modular prosthesis and one modular prosthesis groups (χ2=3.956, P<0.05). 39 (98%) femoral stems were in neutral position and one (2.5%) was in mild valgus. There was no significant difference in the abduction angle and the anteversion angle between patients with and without femoral offset reconstruction (P>0.05). These results indicated that functional recovery and the range of abduction were better in patients with femoral offset reconstruction than those without femoral offset reconstruction. Modular prosthesis has a high rate of femoral offset reconstruction.

Objective To investigate the effects of monocytes on phenotypic changes of human proximal tubular HK-2 cells and the mechanism.Methods Monocytes were co-cultured with HK-2 cells.Morphological changes of HK-2 cells were detected by inverted phase contrast microscope.Expressions of E-cadherin,α-SMA and fibronectin were assessed by RT-PCR,Western blotting and immunocytochemical staining.Flow cytometry techniques was applied to evaluate intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on HK-2 cells.The intracellular signal was investigated by gene microarr ay.Results The typical epithelial cell morphology of HK-2 cells disappeared after co-culture with monocytes,accompanied by decreased E-cadherin expression and increased α-SMA and fibronectin expression (all P＜0.05).The expression of ICAM-1 on HK-2 cells was increased by monocytes stimulation.Interestingly,administration of CD18 antibody directly inhibited the phenotypic change of HK-2 cells.Furthermore,NF-κB signaling might be critical in mediating this process,and blockade of this signaling pathway could inhibit 1CAM-1 expression and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) formation.Conclusion Monocytes can directly induce EMT of HK-2 cells via up-regulating ICAM-1 through NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To determine whether nitric oxide may result in different effects on cardiac function at the different time points during the course of myocardial ischhemia and reperfusien of rats in viwo, and if so, to investigate the mechanisms involved.Methods Male adult rats were subjected to 30 minutes of myocardial ischemia followed by 5 hours of reperfusien. L-arginine was administrated at a bolus at both 10 minutes before and 50 minutes after reperfusion in early treatment group. The L-arginine was administrated at a bolus at both 3 and 4 hours after reperfusion in late treatment group. The following variables were measured: cardiac hemodynamic parameters, myocardial easpase 3 activity, iNOS and total NO content. Results Compared with vehicle group, administration of L-arginine at early reperfusion markedly reduced myocardial caspase 3 activity, and improved cardiac function. In strict contrast, administration of L-arginine at late reperfusion resulted in a significant increase in myocardial NOx content, myocardial apoptosis, and depressed the cadiac function. Conclusion Timely administration of L-arginine might inhibit apoptosis while late administration of L-arginine might enhance apoptosis.

Objective To study the distribution pattern of liposome podophyllotoxin(LP)in rat skin.Methods The rats were divided into two groups:0.5%liposome podophyllotoxin suspension was ap-plied to LP group,0.5%podophyllotoxin tincture was applied to control group.The skin specimens were ob-tained1?2?4?6?12and24h after drug application,the amount of fluorescent stain was observed under con-focal laser scanning microscope and converted to the values of area under the curve(AUC).Results The epidermal AUC of fluorescent amount in LP group was1.5-fold than that in control group,dermal AUC was2.3-fold higher.The unit area fluorescent amount in both epidermis and dermis was highest2hours after topical medication in control group(1585.52/?m 2 and2005.66?m 2 ),and quickly reduced after4hours.But the epidermal and dermal unit area fluorescent amount in LP group was rather low in4hours after topi-cal medication,and gradually increased after6hours,and peaked after12hours(750.28/?m 2 and1073.08/?m 2 ).Conclusion Liposome preparation of podophyllotoxin can be slowly released and lasts longer in the skin.