Objective To investigate pathogens distribution and their drug resistance of hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) in local elderly paraplegic patients,and to help to gain experience in early using antibiotics.Methods One hundred and thirty six elderly patients diagnosed as HAP from January 2007 to December 2010 in our hospital were selected.Pathogens distribution and their drug resistance were detected.Results One hundred and fifty two pathogens are isolated from the 136 patients,and most of them are gram negative bacteria which accounts for 70.4％.The first three pathogens are Klebsiella pneumonia(24.3％),Escherichia coli (20.4％) and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (18.4％).Gram-positive cocci accounts for 25.0％ in total pathogens,among them,staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae account for the most,and the number of Fungi is the fewest.Drug resistance rate of gram-negative bacteria is higher than that of Gram-positive bacteria.Gram-negative bacteria has higher resistance to ampicillin,cefoperazone,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin and eotrimoxazole.Gram-positive bacteria has higher resistance to penicillin,cefazolin and gentamicin.Conclusion To elderly paraplegic HAP patients,the main pathogenic flora is gram-negative bacterium which shows multiple resistances.Being familiar with the features of pathogens and their drug resistance will provide better guidance on early treatment and improve prognosis of elderly paraplegic HAP patients.

Objective To study the uptake property of punicalagin in Caco-2 cells.Methods Caco-2 cell monolayer model was used to research the effects of punicalagin on cell uptake in different times, concentrations, pH values, temperatures and P-gp inhibitors. HPLC was used to determine the content of punicalagin in cells.Results The linearity of punicalagin concentration curve was found in the range of 0.024 8-0.992μg (r=0.997 9). Uptake determination of punicalagin in Caco-2 cells absorbed a certain amount of time, concentration and pH dependence and P-gp inhibitors could significantly increase the punicalagin uptake.Conclusion This method is simple and sensitive to determine the punicalagin concentration in Caco-2 cells, which is mainly passively transported. P-gp is involved in punicalagin transport process.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of prescription for nourishing liver- kidney (PNLK) on PC12 cell injyred by 1- methyl- 4- phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ).Methods The rabbit serum contained PNLK was preparing by the method of sero- pharmacology.PC12 cell was cloned from pheochromocytoma of adrenal medulla and the MPP+ injured models were induced by nerve growth factor.The effect of serum containing PNLK on PC12 cell from MPP+ injured models was assayed by morphological, MTT staining and LDH measurement.Results The equivalent dosage of the serum of PNLK possessed obvious protective effects on PC12 cell,increased the number of survival cells and relieved the injury significantly.Conclusion Serum of PNLK can counteract the injuryof PC12 cell induced by MPP+ and has protective effect on PC12 cell in vitro.

0.05). The difference of CT values among the regions of middle portion had statistical significance(F=4.539,P

Objective To study the main influence factors of nosocomial infection(NI) and establish a model to predict and forecast the risk of NI on patients in hospitals. Methods Clinical data of 27352 inpatients extracted from hospital information system were sorted out and coded, and a logistic regression model about the probability of NI was established. The risk of NI was divided into four scales. Results With multiple factor analysis,16 risk factors of NI were identified, which were age, high body temperature, numbers of diagnosis, days of staying in hospital and seriousness, numbers of routine test for urine, times of blood transfusion, use or without use of antibiotic and radiotherapy, turning over the bodies or not, relationships between infection and interventional operations, with or without diabetes, categories of diseases based on ICD-9, numbers of interventional operations, type of anesthesia and department of admission. If NI was judged when predicted probability(Pr)of logistic regression model exceeded 0 35, the specificity and false diagnostic rate of diagnostic test were 0 995 and 0 005 respectively, and the area under ROC curve was 0 986. According to decision tree method, the risk of NI was classified into four degrees: low (Pr

Objective: Based on optimized method of DNA ligase chain reaction in medium/low throughput genotyping, we assessed the relationship between NOD-like receptor genes NOD1, NOD2 and coronary artery disease (CAD) occurrence. Methods: A multiplex PCR was conducted to enrich DNA template; probe design, annealing temperature, time and number of circulation of PCR were opfimizecl for allele specific ligation; allele specific products were identified by fluorescence PCR and capillary electrophoresis; the accuracy was verified by Sanger sequencing. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on NOD1 gene and NOD2 gene were examined in 1555 CAD patients and 1887 control subjects; the relationship between SNPs and CAD occurrence was studied. Results: Based on optimized PCR condition and allele specific probe design, 30 allele loci genotyping can be genotyped by 10ng DNA template at one time. Association study presented that rs751271 and rs1861759 on NOD2 gene were related to non-hypertensive CAD, allP<0.05; with Bonferroni correction, such correlation was still significant, allP<0.05. Conclusion: We optimized DNA ligase chain reaction and established a novel high accuracy, low cost method for the demand of medium/low throughput genotyping in clinical molecular diagnosis. With this method, we identified that rs1861759 and rs751271 on NOD2 gene were associated with non-hypertensive CAD.

Objective　To investigate the protective effects of alcoholic extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and its combination with Rad ix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM), Radix Bupleuri (RB), and Fructus Schisandrae Chi nensis (FSC) respectively on experimental hepatic injuries. Methods　Hepatic injury models were established with the injections of carbon tetrac hloride (CCl4) or D-galactosamine(D-GlaN) into mouse, and then the therapeut ic agents at same dose were given respectively. The activity of cholinesterase(C hE) and alaline aminotransferase(ALT) in the serum and hepatic homogenate, the c ontents of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and reduced glut athione (GSH) in hepatic homogenate from all mouse were determined. The morpholo gic changes of the livers were also observed with VG staining. Results 　In CCl4 treated mice, serum ALT activity was increased markedly wh ile ChE acti vity decreased significantly. GL and GL+RB, GL +FSC could relieve these changes ; GL combined with all other agents could inhibit the GSH accumulation, but only GL+FSC had a suppressive effect on MDA increase and made it return to normal. For D-GlaN treated mice, all agent groups had little effect on the activity of ChE; Only GL dramatically reduced the increased activity of ALT; GL +RSM could e liminate the GSH, but not significant; GL and all GL combinations could decrease the increased MDA (P<0.01). Pathological observation showed that hepatocyte damage in GL group and GL+FSC group incline d to recover. Conclusion　The results indicate that Ganoderma lucidum is an effective agent against hepatic injuries, especially combined wi th F ructus Schisandrae Chinensis, which may be associated with its anti-hepatocyte oxidation.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from blood culture samples from January 2012 to October 2013 to provide the basis for clinical lection of antibacterial drugs.Methods The blood samples were col-lected from the patients with suspected blood infection and cultured by the BD BACTEC 9120 automatic blood culture instrument. The samples with positive results were performed the bacterial identification and the drug sensitivity test by using the VITEK-2 COMPACT automatic bacterial identification instrument.Results A total of 969 strains of pathogens were isolated from blood cul-ture samples,including 540 strains(55.7%)of Gram-positive bacteria,413 strains(42.6%)of Gram-negative bacteria and 16 strains (1.7%)of fungi.The top 3 isolated pathogenic bacteria were Staphylococcus epidermidis,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus au-reus.Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were highly resistant to penicillin,sensitive to vancomycin and linezol-id;Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were highly sensitive to imipenem and Piperacillin/tazobactam.Conclusion It is nec-essary to understand the blood culture results timely so as to provide the basis for clinical antibacterial therapy and the improvement of the cure rate.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and significance of inflammatory factors and insulin resistance index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with depression.MethodsThe patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with depression were treated with IL-2, TNF-α and HOMA-IR in control group.The patients in type 2 diabetes mellitus had no complication and depression., Record the above indicators of test results.ResultsIL-2, TNF-α and HOMA-IR were the highest in the study group (P<0.05).The levels of IL-2, TNF-α and HOMA-IR in control group 1 and control group 2 were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionThere is a high level of insulin resistance index and inflammatory factor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with depression.Therefore, it is suggested that the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus can be treated with anti-inflammatory and insulin resistance.The.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Puerarin solid self-microemulsion capsules in rats in vi-vo. METHODS:The rats were randomly divided into two groups with 18 rats in each group. They were given Puerarin solid self-mi-croemulsion capsules(S-SMEDDS capsules)and commercially available Yufeng ningxin tablet,with the dose of 158.15 mg/kg puer-arin. The 0.2 ml blood samples were collected from tail vein 0,5,10,20,40,60,90,120,180,240,360,480,600 min after medication,respectively. The blood concentration of puerarin was determined by HPLC,and pharmacokinetic parameters and rela-tive bioavailability were calculated by using 3p87 software. RESULTS:The metabolism of puerarin was one-compartment model in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of S-SMEDDS capsules and Yufeng ningxin tablet were as follows as cmax of (1.032 0 ± 0.020 6) and(0.587 3±0.011 7)μg/ml,t1/2ke of(116.431 4±2.166 0)and(88.222 6±1.752 4)min,AUC0-t of(261.532 2±1.464 0)and (102.835 5±1.957 4)μg·min/ml. Relative bioavailability was 238.77%. CONCLUSIONS:Compared with Yufeng ningxin tablet, S-SMEDDS capsules are absorbed more completely and removed faster.