Objective To observe the effect of Huolisu oral liquid combined with mirtazapine tablets on the expressions of NE and 5-HT in the patients with depression,and explore the therapeutic efficiency. Methods 75 patients with depression were randomly divided into a study group with 43 cases,which were treated with Huolisu oral liquid and mirtazapine tablets and a control group with 32 cases,which were only treated with mirtazapine tablets The Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)score, serum NE,and 5-HT were detected in the patients before the treatment and 4 and 8 weeks after the treatment separately. Results Before treatment,there were no statistical significance in HAMD score,serum depression NE and 5-HT(t=0.501, 0.520, 0.611,P>0.05). After treated for 4 and 8 weeks, compare with the control group, HAMD score was decreased(t=1.829、2.263, P<0.05), serum 5-HT was increased(t=2.119, 2.870, P<0.05),and NE was increased in the study group(t=2.264, 2.705,P<0.05). Conclusion Huolisu oral liquid combined with mirtazapine tablets can significantly decrease HAMD score,and increase serum NE and 5-HT level. The treatment can improve the depression symptoms in the patients with depression obviously.

Objective To review the relevant literature,analyze development and application effect of the reform of object of practice in nursing skills teaching.Methods The literature was checked with the key word nursing skills teachingin Chinese journal full-text database from 1998 to 2013.Results In the nursing skills teaching,the reform of object of practice was helpful for nursing students to understand and master professional skills,to combine theoretical knowledge and skills; At the same time,it can enhance the communication ability of nursing students and active learning consciousness,cultivate the team cooperation spirit of nurses,improve the interest in nursing specialty courses,practical and comprehensive ability,effectively shorten the distance of classroom teaching and clinical practice.Conclusions Nursing educators should make reform of object of practice in nursing skills teaching,combine reform of object of practice with advanced teaching method,overcome the shortcomings of traditional technique teaching.

Ohjective To study the effects of emphysema on peripheral skeletal muscle biomechanics,pathomorphology and oxidative metabolism in rats.Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomized equally into a control group and an emphysema group.A dose of 40 U/100 g body weight of porcine pancreatic elastase was instilled into the trachea of the animals of the emphysema group to model emphysema,while the same volume of saline was instilled into those of the control group.Twenty weeks after instillation,in situ mechanical properties of gastrocnemius were evaluated.Gastrocnemius fiber type composition and capillary density (CD) were assessed by using ATPase staining.Lipofuscin accumulation (LI/F) was determined with the ferric-ferricyanide reduction test technique.Immunohistochemistry was used for the detection of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in gastrocnemius.The muscle biopsy homogenate was used to measure the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),NOS,total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the content of nitric oxide (NO).Results Emphysema increased fatigability and decreased the recovery rate of gastrocnemius muscle [(145.0 ± 55.4) s vs (55.2 ± 29.3)s,P ＜ 0.05].Compared to control,the gastrocnemius muscle in rats with emphysema had a lower CD [(513.9±71.1)n/mm2 vs (578.6 ±59.9)n/mm2,P ＜0.05] and a decreased proportion of type I fibers [(16.0 ±5.0)％ vs (30.7 ±4.1) ％,P ＜0.05],with a reciprocal increase in type II b/x fibers [(27.3 ±4.8)％vs (11.0±3.2)％,P＜0.05].LI/F was higher (3.3±0.5 vsl.7±0.4,P＜0.05) and the activity of SOD,CAT and T-AOC was increased in emphysema group.Compared with control,rats with emphysema demonstrated a lower expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS) (1.9 ± 0.5 vs 3.4 ± 0.6,P ＜ 0.05),and an equivalent expression of neuronal NOS (nNOS) (4.7 ± 1.0 vs 5.1 ± 0.8,P ＞ 0.05) in the gastrocnemius muscle.The inducible NOS (iNOS) was not found in both groups.Conclusions Emphysema could induce biomechanical,pathomorphological and oxidative metabolic changes in peripheral skeletal muscle.

Objective In order to analyze the research situation,development tendency and deficiencies in the aspects of nursing competency through investigating about 10 kinds of core nursing periodicals published from the year 2009 to 2013 in China.Methods Using bibliometrics methods to analyze the researches about nursing competency in the periodical literature including Chinese Journal of Nursing,Journal of Advanced Study for Nurses,Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing,Chinese Nursing Research,Journal of Nursing Science,Journal of Nursing Administration,Nursing Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army,Chinese Nursing Management,Shanghai Nursing,Modern Clinical Nursing published from 2009 to 2013.Results There were 215 research papers about nursing competency in periodicals in the past five years,and a quantity of papers increased stably each year.The study contents mainly involved nursing education,training,competency model and standard system based on nursing competency and so on.Conclusions The researches on nursing competency are getting started in China.The quantity is keeping increase and the related research contents become more colorful and deeply than before.

Objective:To analysis the effects of alprostadil and yishen huashi particles on blood glucose,blood lipid,renal function and urinary podocyte proteins of patients with diabetic nephropathy.Methods:98 patients with diabetic nephropathy were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group with 49 cases in each group.The patients in the control group were treated with alprostadil,while the patients in the experimental group were treated with yishenhuashui particles on the basis of the control group.Then the curative effect,the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc),blood glucose (FPG),2 h postprandial blood glucose (2h PG),triglycerides (TG),total cholesterol (TC),high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein (LDL-C),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),creatinine (Cr),β2 microglobulin (β2-MG),bladder inhibition (Cys-C) and urinary podocyte proteins (PCX) in the two groups were observed and compared between the two groups before and after the treatment.Results:The total effective rate of experimental group was higher than control group (P＜0.05).After treatment,there was no statistically significant difference about the HbA1c,FPG and 2 HPG between the two groups (P＞0.05).After the treatment,the levels ofTG,TC,LDL-C,BUN,Cr,β2 MG,Cys C,PCX and urinary nephrin/urine Cr of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05).The HDL-C of experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The curative is effect of alprostadil and yishen huashi particles in treatment diabetic nephropathy patients,can conducive to the improvement of blood glucose,blood lipid,renal function,reduce the concentration of urinary podocyte related proteins.

Objective To investigate the level and influencing factors of subjective well-being of nurses and establish a model of the relationship of job stress, self-efficacy and subjective well-being. Methods Totally 438 nurses from 5 hospitals in Changchun city were investigated with the self-designed demographic questionnaire, General Well-Being Scale, Nurse Job Stressors Scale and Self-Efficacy Scale. Results The total score of subjective well-being was (71.36 ± 18.83) points. Single factor analysis found that age (F=1.759, P<0.01), department (F=1.712, P<0.01), professional title (F=1.364, P<0.05), years of working (F=1.420, P<0.05) and monthly income (F=1.632, P<0.01) were statistically significant. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sex (t=-2.447, P<0.05), the first factor of job stress (t=-5.033, P<0.01), the second factor (t=-2.478, P<0.05), the third factor (t=-2.315, P<0.05), the fifth factor (t=-5.862, P<0.01) and self-efficacy (t=10.705, P<0.01) were the predictive effectton of subjective well-being. The result of path analysis shows that self-efficacy has a significant effect of adjustment on job stress and subjective well-being (direct effects=-0.62, indirect effects=-0.24, P<0.01). Conclusions The nurse subjective well-being is in the medium level. Hospitals and all related departments should take effective measures to reduce or eliminate unfavorable factors and increase the protective factors, and then improve the level of nurses′subjective well-being and nursing quality.

Objective To explore the influence of introducing standardized patient (SP) into problem-based learning (PBL) to the autonomous learning abilities for undergraduate nursing students based on clinical thinking training. Methods To select 2 classes randomly from full-time professional nursing undergraduate classes enrolled in 2012 from Tianjin university of traditional Chinese medicine, was divided into the experimental group and the control group by random number table method. The control group uses PBL teaching mode, and the experimental group adopts introducing SP into PBL teaching mode. Course lasts for 4 weeks, a total of 18 hours. To evaluate two groups nursing students′the percentage of asking questions by themselves and examination results in the end of the course, and evaluate nursing students′autonomous learning ability before and after the course and after three months of clinical practice respectively. Results The percentage of asking questions by themselves and examination results of the experimental group were 87.80%(36/41) and (84.24±5.12) points, (87.85±5.44) points, the control group were 68.89%(31/45) and (81.51±6.63) points, (84.40±7.96) points, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.46, t=2.13, 2.37, P<0.05);There was no statistical significance between two groups in the score of autonomous learning ability before the course (P>0.05), while after course and after three months of clinical practice of the experimental group were (93.71±9.56) points, (103.27±11.92) points, the control group were (85.47 ± 9.28) points , (91.36 ± 10.56) points, the difference was statistically significant (t=3.56, 4.89, P<0.01). Conclusions The teaching mode of introducing SP into PBL can train and improve the autonomous learning ability of undergraduate nursing students,and can provide reference for nursing teaching mode reform.

It is kno wn that 8-Br-cAMP is one of selective bi nding site analogues for cAMP RIIα to af fect cell growth through regulation of g ene expression.The p16,p21wafl,p53 a nd Rb are antioncogenes which affect cel l growth through control of cell cycle.T he aim of this study is to investigate t he 8-Br-cAMP effect on the expression of antioncogenes in human HXO-Rb44 cells. Methods Cultured HXO-Rb44 cells in RPMI -1 640 medium were divided into two aliquot s.8-Br-cAMP (2×10-5mol/L) was added i nto one aliquot for 24h as the experime ntal group(EG),the another aliquot witho ut 8-Br-cAMP as the control group(CG).Af ter 24h,the cell suspension was dropped onto the nitrocellulose membrane.The mR NA of p16,p21wafl,wild type(w)p53,mut ant type(m) p53 and Rb were used respec tively with biotin-labeled cDNA probes b y intact cell RNA dot blot.The immunorea ctivity(IR) of P16,P21wafl,PRb,PCN A,cdk2 and cdk4 were detected respecti vely with specific monoclonal antibodies on dot blot.ResultsThe mRNA dot blot s ignals of mp53 and protein dot blot of cdk2-IR,cdk4-IR and PCNA-IR in EG were weaker than those in CG(P＜0.05～0.01). W hile,the mRNA signals of p16,p21wafl,wp53 and Rb in EG were stronger than tho se in CG(P＜0.05～0.01).The intensity of ea ch protein dot blot was consistent with that of their RNA dot blot (except for w P53-IR and mP53-IR not to be done).Conc lusions(1)8-Br-cAMP could up-regul ate expression of antioncogenes includin g p16,p21wafl,wp53,Rb,and protein exp ression of P16,P21wafl and PRb.(2) 8-Br-cAMP could down-regulate mp53 gene expression and protein expression of cd k2,cdk4 and PCNA.The results suggest t hat 8-Br-cAMP could inhibit human HXO-Rb 44 cell growth through interfering rela ted gene expression of cell cycle.

Objective To study the expression of kallikrein 7 (KLK7) in different prostate tissues and its clinical significance. Methods KLK7 mRNA levels in normal prostate epithelia (5 cases), benign prostat(ic) hyperplasia (BPH) epithelia (13 cases), prostate cancer and prostate cancer cell lines (8 cases) were analyzed by using semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blot was used to analyze the protein levels of human kallikrein 7 (hK7) in benign prostate epithelia and prostate cancer cell lines, hK7 expressions were examined in 20 normal prostate tissue specimens, 50 BPH specimens and 103 prostate cancer specimens by immunohistochemical staining.Results The mRNA levels of KLK7 in normal prostate, BPH and prostate cancer were 0.59, 0.52 and 0.02 respectively, mRNA levels of KLK7 were significantly different among the three groups (F=13.03, P＜0.01). mRNA levels of KLK7 were decreased in prostate cancers compared with that in benign hyperplastic prostate epithelial cells (P＜0.01) and in normal prostate epithelial cells (P＜0.01). No significant difference of KLK7 mRNA levels was found between normal prostate and BPH. The protein levels of KLK7 in normal prostate, BPH, DU145, LNCaP, PC3,22RV1 and BPH1 was 0.22, O. 40, 0.01, 0.05, 0, 0.03 and 0.14 respectively, hK7 protein level was down-regulated in prostate cancer cell lines compared to benign prostate epithelial cells. The expression of bK7 was observed in benign prostate epithelial cells, whereas little or no staining was observed in prostate cancer cells in immunohistochemical study, hK7 protein was detected in 13 of 20 (65%)normal prostate specimens, 38 of 50 (76%) BPH specimens and 18 of 103 (17.5%) prostate cancer specimens. The difference between the normal prostate and prostate cancer was significant (Z=-4.43, P＜0.01). The difference between BPH and prostate cancer was significant (Z=-7.77,P＜0.01) as well. However, no significant difference of hK7 protein level was found between normal prostate and BPH (Z=-1. 52, P＞0.05). Conclusions KLK7 expression level is down regulated in prostate cancer. KLK7 may play an important role in prostate cancer progression.

Objective To explore innovative teaching mode of cultivating the communicated ability of undergraduate nursing students based on standardized patients and then evaluate its effect.Methods To select 2 classes of sophomore randomly,four-year nursing undergraduate enrolling in 2012,was divided into the experimental group and the control group.Experimental group used standardized patients as carrier of skills and control group took dummy patient as carrier of skills lasting for one academic year.Assessed by others and self-assessment was used to evaluate the communicated ability of nursing students at end of the course respectively.Results There was statistical significance between two groups in the score of communicated ability,94.39±8.18 vs 87.04±6.56,t=4.61,P ＜ 0.01.Teachers for clinical communication ability of nursing students and standardized patients for skills and clinical communication ability of nursing students were more satisfied with experimental group,the satisfactory rate in the experimental group was 63％(26/41),37％(15/41) and 56％(23/41) respectively,which were higher than those in the control group [24％(11/45),22％(10/45) and 22％(10/45)],P＜ 0.01.Conclusion It is helpful for increasing communicated ability of nursing students taking standardized patients as practice objects which could be as a reference for building teaching system of nursing students in communication.