Objective To evaluate the feasibility of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) to reflect the body composition of people aged 60-69 years in Hubei minority areas.Methods A total of 398 eligible residents between 60-69 years old were selected through a stratified sampling method.Body height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference and skinfold thickness were measured at the interview.Bland-Altman analysis was applied to estimate the consistency among WHtR,body mass index (BMI),waist-to-hip ratio (WHR),and Suzuki-changling formula.Results After standardization,the mean of WHtR and BMI was 0.007,the mean of WHtR and WHR was 0.007,and the mean of WHtR and Suzuki-changling formula was 0.711,which revealed that there were good consistency among WHtR,BMI,WHR and Suzuki-changling formula.Conclusions WHtR may serve as an typical index to reflect the body composition of people aged 60-69 years in Hubei minority areas.

Objective To explore the effect of clinical pharmacist intervention on the rational use of alanyl-glutamine injection.Methods Refer to the second quarter of 2015 and the second quarter of 2016 in the General Hospital of Shanxi Datong Coal Group using alanyl-glutamine injection discharge instructions for special comment, compared and analyzed the changes in the use of the drug before and after the intervention.Results Before intervention, the usage rate and the irrational rate of alanyl-glutamine injection were 4.6% and 52.9%,those were 2.9% and 10.9% after intervention.The differences were statistically significant(χ2 =49.209,169.200,all P<0.05).There were significant differences before and after intervention compared in the choice of drug suitability,the high concentration of the medicine liquid,the excessive supply of amino acid and the incompatibility of the compatibility (χ2 =38.882, 31.348,26.242,4.286,all P<0.05 ).Conclusion The pharmacy intervention is feasible and effective for the rational use of alanyl-glutamine injection,and it can reduce irrational using rate.

Interventional techniques have been applicated extensively in the treatment of gynaecologic and obsterics diseases, such as the embolization therapy of the postpartum massive hemorrhage, uterine fibroids and adenomyosis, interventions of fallopian tube pregnancy etc. Though the advantages of interventional techniques in the treatment of gynaecologic and obsterics diseases are obviously revealed and accepted, the strict indication and regular maneuver to reduce the complications are still to be emphasized. (J Intervent Radiol, 2006, 15: 257-258)

Objective To investigate medical and nursing interns' differences and similarities of role expectation on clinical nurses,and provide the basis for further carrying out physician-nurse cooperative education.Methods Using self-designed questionnaires of role expectation on clinical nurses to investigate medical and nursing interns of two degrees in Zhengzhou University who already had full ten months' internship,among them,154 medical students,145 nursing students.Results Medical and nursing students' differences were mainly on “physician-nurse collaboration and communication.Nursing students were more active than medical students.Both medical and nursing students had the lowest scores in item 15 (reverse entry)“The nurses just need to perform doctors' orders,without providing comments or suggestions”.Conclusions Colleges and clinical teachers should encourage nursing students to learn more medical knowledge,strengthen their clinical practice capacity,improve their professional competence and professionalism,thereby enhancing the status of nursing and nurses.Launching physician-nurse collaboration education in nursing and medical students,and help medical and nursing students realize nurses' different roles,improve the trust between doctors and nurses,promote the development of physician-nurse relationship.

Currently, saliva tests have been regarded as a potential promising diagnotic tool because of its noninvasiveness, quickness and simplicity, high accuracy, fullness of biomarkers, and other advantages. It has been applied in clinical diagnosis, treatment evaluation, epidemiological survey and other clinical works, while its potential applications have not yet been fully recognized by Chinese pediatrician. This review presents an overview on the application of salivary diagnostics in pediatrics ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology, immune system diseases, nervous-mental system diseases and other system diseases, and offers a new potential research strategy for accurate diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases.

Objective To explore the relationship between the common vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular reserve in the aged patients.Methods 700 patients with sex unlimited were selected from Zhejiang Hospital from July 2007 to July 2010.The clinical data about gender,age,smoking history,drinking history,hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,bilateral carotid artery B ultrasonic examination were collected.The patients were divided into vascular risk factors group(n=400)aged(73.4± 6.8)years and control group(n=300)aged(72.4± 6.9)years.Intracranial vascular reaction was dertermined using transcranial doppler ultrasonography combined with breathholding test to calculate the breath-holding index(BHI)and evaluate cerebrovascular reserve.Results BHI in vascular risk factors group and control group were(0.57±0.18)and(0.97±0.31),respectively,and cerebrovascular reserve in the patients with vascular risk factors was decreased than without risk factors(t =10.87,P ＜ 0.01).Multifactor retrospective analysis showed hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes and smoking were related with cerebrovascular reserve(F=6.51,P =0.000),and the degree to influnce from small to large was followed by diabetes,hypertention,smoking and hyperlipidemia.Conclusions Cerebrovascular reserve is damaged in the aged patients with vascular risk factors.Hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,smoking may affect cerebrovascular reserves among which the greatest influence is in diabetes.

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a noninvasive method for respiratory mechanics measurement. For the FOT, external signals (e.g. forced oscillations around 4-40 Hz) are used to drive the respiratory system, and the mechanical characteristic of the respiratory system can be determined with the linear system identification theory. Thus, respiratory mechanical properties and components at different frequency and location of the airway can be explored by specifically developed forcing waveforms. In this paper, the theory, methodology and clinical application of the FOT is reviewed, including measure ment theory, driving signals, models of respiratory system, algorithm for impedance identification, and requirement on apparatus. Finally, the future development of this technique is also discussed.
Algorithms ; Electric Impedance ; Oscillometry ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Respiratory Mechanics

Objective To investigate the prevalence and main genotypes of carbapenemases in carbepenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) .Methods A total of 114 strains of CRE were isolated in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital from May 2011 to June 2013 .The diameter of inhibition zone of imipemen or meropenem for these strains was not larger than 22 mm .PCR method was used to screen for the main carbapenemase genes (blaKPC ,blaIMP ,blaVIM ,blaOXA‐48 and blaNDM ) with previously described primers followed by nucleotide sequencing analysis . Conjugation experiments were performed to examine the transferability of plasmids .Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to show the relatedness of KPC‐2‐producing Enterobacteriaceae .Results Most of the 114 isolates were K lebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli .Of the 114 isolates ,98 was positive for carbapenemases ,specifically ,78 blaKPC‐2‐positive ,15 blaIMP‐4‐positive ,2 blaIMP‐8‐positive ,1 positive for both blaKPC‐2 and blaIMP‐4 and 4 blaNDM‐1‐positive .None of the strains was positive for blaOXA‐48 or blaVIM .About 21 .4% (21/98) of the isolates were conjugated successfully .The 49 blaKPC‐2‐positive K .pneumoniae isolates were grouped into 12 types according to PFGE patterns .Majority (34/49) of these isolates belonged to the same type A .Conclusions BlaKPC‐2 was the primary epidemic genotype of Enterobacteriaceae in Ruijin Hospital ,followed by blaIMP‐4 .NDM‐1 carbapenemase was produced in 4 strains of CRE . Meanwhile , clonal spread of KPC‐2‐producing K . pneumoniae was observed in some departments of our hospital , such as surgical ICU , respiratory medicine and thoracic surgery . Appropriate measures should be taken timely and effectively to prevent the in‐hospital spread of resistant genes .

Objective To study the relationships among postpartum depression,dysfunctional attitudes and automatic thoughts.Methods 274 cases of postpartum women were estimated at fifth or sixth week after delivery by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS),Dysfunctional Attitudes Scales (DAS),Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire(ATQ) and some other forms designed by ourselves.Results ①The prevalence of postpartum depression was 18.20％.②The impact of culture degree on postpartum depression was statistically significant(x2 =12.37,P ＜ 0.05).③Compared with normal subjects,the postpartum depression group had significantly higher total score of ATQ (48.98 ± 12.35 vs 79.29 ± 23.90),total scores of DAS (118.92 ± 20.03 vs 148.03 ± 28.47),attraction or repulsion (13.82 ± 4.33 vs 18.01 ± 6.38),perfection (14.53 ± 5.91 vs 19.21 ± 5.23),compulsion(13.09 ± 3.61 vs 19.36 ± 4.98),seeking applause (14.97 ± 4.06 vs 18.78 ± 5.59),dependence (14.30 ±4.12 vs 19.23 ± 5.43),autonomous attitude(16.54 ± 3.67 vs 21.51 ± 4.81),cognition philosophy (12.32 ± 3.79 vs 18.16 ± 3.43),the difference was all statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).④There was a significant positive correlation in postpartum depression and total scores of ATQ,total scores of DAS,attraction or repulsion,perfection,compulsion,seeking applause,dependence,cognition philosophy (the Pearson correlation was respectively:0.658,0.432,0.187,0.432,0.481,0.304,0.458,0.459,P ＜ 0.01).⑤Through stepwise regression analysis,automatic thoughts,cognition philosophy,compulsion,perfection and dysfunctional attitudes might play considerable role to predict the occurrence of postpartum depression.Conclusion Automatic thoughts,dysfunctional attitudes can predict postpartum depression to some extent.

Objective To evaluate preoperative embolization therapy in deep oral cavity tumor.Methods Superselective embolization of tumor-feeding artery branched from external carotid artery with gelfoam by Seldinger technique was carried in 18 cases with oral cavity tumor.Results After preoperative embolization,hemorrhage and complication rate during operation were markedly reduced.The respectable rate of the tumor was increased.Conclusion Preoperative superselective external carotid artery branch embolization is useful and simple,which makes the subsequent surgery in deep oral cavity tumor more safe and effective.