Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),as a special organ transplantation,can be used to reconstruct the intestinal flora.It has been concerned by clinical practice,but it has not become a routine treatment method.With the gradual deepening of the study of FMT,the refractory difficile fusiform bacillus infection,inflammatory bowel disease,irritable bowel syndrome,chronic fatigue comprehensive syndrome and some metabolic disorders related to intestinal diseases were obtained using.In recent years,there are some reports about the application of FMT in children's diseases.Combining with the relevant literature at home and abroad,this paper reviews the indications and the taboo of the application of FMT in children,the aim is to provide a reference for FMT to be better applied in pediatric clinical.

Objective:To study the fracture resistance of nanofilled composite resin restoration for the treatment of incisally fractured in-cisors. Methods:30 extracted permanent maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into A, B and C groups (n=10). In group A and B, the teeth were cut obliquely from the mesial incisal angle. Labial reduction of 0. 5 mm for veneer and dovetails in the lingual surfaces were prepared. In group A, additional 2mm of the incisal edge were cut horizontally. The teeth were restored with nanofilled com-posite resin. The samples in group C were unprepared as the controls. The specimens were stored in artificial saliva and underwent 2 000 cycles of thermal cycling test. Fracture resistance of the teeth was measured by a test machine and the fracture mode was observed. Re-sults:The mean fracture load(N) of group A, B and C was 466.93 ±171.68, 444.5 ±173.00 and 474.77 ±97.55 respectively(P>0. 05). All fractures in the 2 test groups but 1 in the control group were in a favorable way. Conclusion:Incisally fractured incisors restored with nanofilled composite resins can achieve the fracture resistance similar to that of intact natural tooth. Failure modes of the restored teeth are in favorable way. Additional cut of 2 mm of the incisal edge dose not affect the fracture resistance of the restored teeth.

Objective To investigate psychosocial distress status of hospitalized patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and then analyze its influencing factors.Methods Using the method of convenience sampling,the level of psychosocial distress of hospitalized patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma was measured with psychosocial distress thermometer (DT),then by orderly classification Logistic regression analysis methods,the main factors affecting the degree of psychosocial distress were obtained.Results This study in cluded 235 patients,and 228 patients completed the survey effectively,DT score was (4.030±2.993) points,including DT ＜ 4 points (mild pain) accounted for 36.8％ (84/228),DT 4-6 points (moderate pain) accounted for 38.2％ (87/228),DT≥7 points (severe pain) accounted for 25.0％ (57/228).Regression analysis showed that the economic problems,emotional problems (depression,fear,sadness),body problems (eating,oral ulcer,sleep problems),age,education degree,stressful life events in the recent year,the time of disease diagnosis,and disease recurrence were the main factors influencing the degree of psychosocial distress.Conclusions Hospitalized patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma have widespread psychosocial distress,clinical medical personnel should take individualized psychological evaluation and intervention according to the related factors of psychosocial distress in order to reduce the degree of psychosocial distress.

Objective To evaluate the validity and reliability of social avoidance and distress scale (SAD) for conforming it' s applicability in Mongolian college students.Methods Social avoidance and distress scale (SAD)security scale (SQ),self-esteem scale (SES) and life satisfaction scale (AULC) was used to measure 399 undergraduates whose can understand Mongolian and Chinese language.Results The total scale reliability was 0.872,avoidance scale was 0.726,distress scale was 0.742,total scale heavy reliability (r) was 0.86,avoidance scale (r) was 0.789,distress scale (r) was 0.814.(2)the confirmatory factor analysis verified the effectiveness of the structure,the revised model fitting index x2/df=4.864,NFI =0.92,TLI =0.90,GFI =0.90,IFI =0.87,GFI =0.92,AGFI =0.93,RMSEA =0.06,model fitting was better.(3) There was a significant positive correlation between avoidance scale and distress scale (r=0.634,P＜0.01),and there was a negative correlation (r=0.202-0.499,P＜0.01) between avoidance scale and SES,SQ and AULC.There was a negative correlation between distress scale and SES,SQ and AULC (r=0.192-0.556,P＜0.01).Conclusion SAD (Chinese version) has a good reliability and validity in Mongolian college students.

As the products of modern science,the effects of video games on children and adolescents drew the attention of psychologists.Anderson and Bushman proposed the General Aggressive Model,which could explain both the development of aggressive behavior and the difference of individual vulnerability to the effects of violent video games,and they advocated the effects,including short-term effects and long-term effects.Many researches about the relation of violent video games and aggression reported five consistent results:exposure to violent video games increased aggressive behavior,cognition,affect and physiological arousal,and decreased helping behavior.The positive intervention of parents can decrease negative effects of video games.

Objective To compare the effect of different cryoprotectants and different concentrations on controlled?rate freezing of human ovarian tissues. Methods Ovarian tissues were sampled from 15 patients undergoing benign ovarian tumor surgery. Cortical slices were frozen by controlled?rate freezing using three cryoprotectants,propanediol,ethanediol,and dimethylsulphoxide,and the concentration of each cryoprotectant was 1.5 mol/L or 2.0 mol/L. Cortical slices obtained from each patient were processed with each cryopreservation procedure simultaneously. Morphology of fol?licles was studied by light and electron microscopy and the normal rate was compared with that of the fresh tissues from the patient. Results There were no significant differences in distribution of follicles of different developmental stages between each group(P<0.05). Light microscopy showed 1.5 mol/L EG and 2.0 mol/L EG groups had the best freezing effect,and the difference in the morphologically normal rate of follicles was not statisti?cally significant compared to fresh controls(P>0.05). However,the difference was statistically significant for 1.5 mol/L PROH,2.0 mol/L PROH, 1.5 mol/L DMSO and 2.0 mol/L DMSO groups(P<0.05). Electron microscopy showed the oocyte quality declined after controlled?rate freezing pro?cedure. However,the statistical analysis was not conducted due to little data. The viability of granulosa cells was significantly declined after all the freezing procedures compared to that of the fresh control tissues(P<0.01). The number of morphologically normal granulosa cells was slightly higher in the tissues which had been cryopreserved with 2.0 mol/L PROH and 1.5 mol/L EG,but no significant differences were found between any of two frozen groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Controlled?rate freezing using 1.5 mol/L EG as the cryoprotectant can better save oocytes and granulosa cells. It is a preferable freezing procedure for ovarian tissues.

Malignant tumors still threatens the human's health seriously. Metastasis and recurrence lead to the failure of treatment, and multidrug resistance adds the difficulty of therapy of to malignant tumors. But the mechanism is yet unclear. Nowadays, it is found that there's a small group of cells with selfrenewal and indefinite potency in the tumors, and they are the sources of metastasis and recurrence. This small group of cells is called cancer stem cells. Subsequently, the cancer stem ceils were separated and determined from hematological system tumor and solid tumor respectively. The cognitions for metastasis and recurrence and muhidrug resistance of malignant tumor have changed with proposal and verification of the cancer stem cell theory, which provides a new clue to the treatment of tumor and prevention for the metastasis and recurrence.

OBJECTIVE To compare mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) with azathioprine(AZA) addition to ciclosporin-prednisone protocol after kidney transplantation in aspect of infections,and to study the etiology of pulmonary infection and urinary tract infection in the two groups.METHODS Totally 249 patients with kidney transplantation were analyzed retrospectively.These patients were divided into two groups according to the immunosuppressive regimen: AZA group(89 patients),and MMF group(160 patients).The various infectious complications were analyzed during a 1-year follow-up,and the etiology of pulmonary infection and urinary tract infection was studied in the two groups.RESULTS The total incidence of the infections,the incidences of the pulmonary infection,urinary tract infecion,wound infection,and so on,during a 1-year follow-up,were equivalent between the two groups.But the incidence of ARDS and the mortality of patients with lung infection was significantly different.The etiology of pulmonary infection was different between the two groups.Cytomegalovirous and fungal infections were higher in MMF group than those in AZA group.Also the etiology of urinary tract infection was different,the incidences of Gram-positive bacterial and fungal infections were higher in MMF group than those in AZA group.CONCLUSIONS Comparing with AZA,MMF increased the opportunity of serious lung infection.The incidences of opportunistic infection and fungal and viral infections increased obviously in MMF group.So therapy should be individualized and aimed.

Objective To analyze the congenital anomalies of inferior vena cava (IVC) with their color Doppler and clinical features, and to evaluate the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the IVC. Methods Between July 2009 and March 2012, 22 patients who were diagnosed as IVC anomalies by color and spectral Doppler ultrasound were retrospectively analyzed. After careful and comprehensive scanning on multiple planes, the final diagnosis was made based on the findings obtained on B-mode, color Doppler and spectral Doppler ultrasound. All the results obtained by sonography were compared with computerized tomography angiography, digital subtraction angiography, and other clinical examinations. Results There were 22 cases diagnosed as congenital anomalies of IVC, including 5 cases of the left IVC, 3 cases of the double IVC, 3 cases of membranous obstruction of the IVC (MOVC) and 11 cases of the anomalies of the left renal vein. In left IVC, the infrarenal left-sided IVC entered into the left renal vein, then crossed anterior to the aorta to join the right-sided suprarenal IVC. In double IVC, bilateral IVCs could be seen on both sides of the abdominal aorta, and the left IVC joined the right IVC over aorta then entered into the right atrium. Some patients of the left IVC and double IVC had left renal vein hypertension. All the cases of MOVC in our study presented as Budd-Chiari syndrome, in which B-mode ultrasonography showed the existence of the membranous obstruction in inferior vena cava at the level of entrance to the right atrium. On color Doppler lfow image (CDFI), reverse blood lfow into lumbar and ascending lumbar vein was found. Eleven cases of left renal vein malformations were also seen in present study, including 9 cases of retroaortic
left renal vein, 1 case of circumaortic left renal vein and 1 case of the left renal vein into the left common iliac vein. Among them, 9 cases were associated with left renal vein hypertension. Conclusion Color and spectral Doppler ultrasound can clearly identify the congenital anomalies of IVC with the evaluation of their hemodynamic modiifcation, and can be used as an important approach in the diagnosis of the anomalies of the IVC.

Objective To know the sleeping quality of clinical nurses in Urumqi, and analyze the influencing factors, put forward the corresponding countermeasures for different factors to improves the sleeping quality. Methods Randomly selected 407 nurses in clinical departments as the research objects in Urumqi top three hospitals, using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale (PSQI) and general situation questionnaire to investigate, and then analyzed the results of the survey. Results The incidence rate of sleeping disorders in emergency nurses was the highest (80.00%), followed by pediatric, intensive department, internal medicine, surgical department, operating room, outpatient and others was the lowest (39.02%). Gender (t=-2.015, P =0.045), age (F=8.509, P =0.000), establishment(F=3.609, P =0.013) were the influence factors of PSQI scores. Only the difference of the scores of hypnotic drugs between different ethnic groups was significant, P<0.05, while the others had no significant difference, P>0.05. Conclusions Poor sleeping quality of nurses existed in every department, its sleeping quality status, department, gender, age and establishment have certain correlation, interventions should be strengthened, to improve the overall level of sleeping.