Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by poor survival and lack of targeted therapeutics. In recent years, androgen receptor (AR) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the genesis and development of TNBC. There has been increased interest in the role of AR in TNBC and AR-targeting has been introduced as a novel therapeutic option for TNBC. This review offers an overview of the relationship between AR expression and TNBC, and provides insights into the novel drugs in the development for targeting this signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the relationship between different topographic locations and neurological deteriorations (ND) in patients with acute new isolated pontine infarction.Methods One hundred sixty-eight patients with acute new isolated pontine infarction during arch 2012 to March 2016 were identified by diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for retrospective review.Patients were divided into two groups according to their clinical symptoms:patients with ND and patients without ND.According to neuroimaging of DWI,the topographic location of pontine infarction was divided into three types:The upper,middle,and lower ones,and the correlations of ND with risk factors,laboratory examination results,clinical manifestations and different topographic locations were explored by statistical tests.Results Of 168 patients,26.8％ (45/168) were diagnosed with ND,and 73.2％ (123/168) were diagnosed without ND.Univariate analysis showed that there were differences in female ratio [62.2％ (28/45) vs 41.5％ (51/ 123)],smoking ratio [13.3％ (6/45) vs 26.0％ (32/123)],mean length of hospital stay [(22.83 ± 7.12)d vs (19.31 ± 7.65)d],ratio of worse short-term clinical outcomes [77.8％ (35/45) vs 33.3％ (41/123)],and ratio of lower pontine infarction [55.6％ (25/45) vs 26.0％ (32/123)] between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that lower pontine infarction was the independent risk factor of ND (OR =1.953,95％ CI:1.092-3.535,P =0.029).Conclusions Topographic location of lower pons lesions may be reliable predictor of ND in acute new isolated pontine infarction.

Objective To analyze the correlation between clinical features and renal dysfunction in patients of acute lacunar infarction with progressive cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). Methods Two hundred and sixty-five patients with first-episode acute lacunar infarction were selected. The serum creatinine was measured within 24 h of admission and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. The brain MRI (including gradient-echo images) was examined within 2 d of admission and after 1 years of follow-up, respectively. The progressive CMBs was assessed with microbleeds anatomical rating scale (MARS), and the patients were divided into progressive CMBs group (progressive group, 42 cases) and non progressive CMBs group (non progressive group, 223 cases). The clinical features of 2 groups were compared and the correlation between progressive CMBs and renal dysfunction was analyzed. Results The age, 24 h pulse pressure, incidences of renal dysfunction and CMBs in progressive group were significantly higher than those in non progressive group: (69.8 ± 5.8) years vs. (61.5 ± 4.9) years, (63.3 ± 3.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (51.8 ± 4.2) mmHg, 69.0％(29/42) vs. 39.9％(89/223) and 57.1％(24/42) vs. 25.1％(56/223), and the platelet was significantly lower than that in non-progression group:(168 ± 35) ×109/L vs. (189 ± 40) ×109/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05 or<0.01). The Logistic regression analysis result showed that renal dysfunction and CMBs were Independent risk factors of progressive CMBs (OR = 1.571 and 1.054, 95％ CI 1.042 - 2.493 and 1.010 - 1.142, P<0.05). Conclusions The rate of renal dysfunction is higher in patients of acute lacunar infarction with progressive CMBs, and progressive CMBs are associated with renal dysfunction.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus platinum as first-line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer (OC). Methods: Patients administered platinum combined with nab-paclitaxel as first-line chemotherapy for epithelial OC, fallopian tube cancer, or primary peritoneal cancer from July 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). Adverse events (AEs) were examined. Subgroup analysis was performed. Results: Seventy-two patients (median age, 54.5 years; range, 20.0–79.0 years) were evaluated, including 12 and 60 administered neoadjuvant therapy and primary surgery with subsequent chemotherapy, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 25.6 months, and the median PFS was 26.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]=24.0–29.3) months in the whole patient population. In the neoadjuvant subgroup, the median PFS was 26.7 (95% CI=22.9–30.5) months vs. 30.1 (95% CI=23.1–37.1) months in the primary surgery subgroup. Twenty-seven patients were administered nab-paclitaxel plus carboplatin and had a median PFS of 30.3 (95% CI=not available [NA]–NA) months. The commonest grade 3–4 AEs included anemia (15.3%), white blood cell decreased (11.1%), and neutrophil count decreased (20.8%). No drug-related hypersensitivity reactions occurred. Conclusion Nab-paclitaxel plus platinum as first-line treatment in OC was associated with a favorable prognosis and was tolerable in patients with OC.

Objective:To explore the effect of the resection of the primary lesion on the prognosis for patients with stage Ⅳ breast cancer.Methods:A total of 132 breast cancer patients who were first diagnosed as stage Ⅳ in the Hebei Cancer Hospital from June 2008 to June 2015 were divided into two groups: the primary resection group ( n=85) and the unresection group ( n=47). The influences of primary resection, timing of operation, lymph node removal or dissection and radiotherapy on the prognosis of stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients were analyzed. Results:Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that visceral metastasis was an independent influencing factor for primary lesion resection in stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients ( OR=2.590, 95% CI: 1.090-6.159). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that primary resection was an independent factor for the improvement of prognosis in stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients ( OR=0.582, 95% CI: 0.400-0.847). The median overall survival (OS) was 37.20 months in the resection group, which was higher than 24.10 months in the unresection group ( χ2=8.108, P=0.004). Among patients aged ≥50 years old, the median OS was 39.30 months in the resection group and 23.03 months in the unresection group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=14.191, P<0.001). The median OS was 38.00 months in the 66 patients with the operation time from diagnosis to resection of primary lesion<6 months ( n=66), and 35.20 months for ≥6 months ( n=19) ( χ2=4.430, P=0.035), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.430, P=0.035). The median OR of axillary lymph node dissection and axillary lymph node excision group were 45.37 months and 33.44 months, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=7.832, P=0.005). The median OS of postoperative radiotherapy group and non-radiotherapy group were 44.80 months and 33.20 months, respectively, the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=2.950, P=0.086). Conclusion:Resection of the primary lesion may prolong the survival time of some advanced breast cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the impact of salpingectomy with preservation of fallopian tube mesentery on ovarian reserve function.Methods A total of 281 patients with tubal disease who were admitted from January 2020 to March 2021 were collected as research objects.According to the different treatment methods,they were divided into traditional bilateral resection group(n=53,con-ventional bilateral salpingectomy),traditional unilateral resection group(n=56,conventional unilat-eral salpingectomy),preservation of bilateral resection group(n=60,bilateral salpingectomy with preservation of fallopian tube mesentery),preservation of unilateral resection group(n=54,unilater-al salpingectomy with preservation of fallopian tube mesentery),and control group[n=58,patients with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET)but no history of salpingectomy].The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,and postoperative exhaust time were compared among the groups.Two months after the operation,IVF-ET was performed,and the number of follicles and oocytes,pregnan-cy rate,and fertilization rate were detected.The levels of anti-mullerian hormone(AMH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),estradiol(E2),and luteinizing hormone(LH)in peripheral blood were detected after IVF-ET.Follow-up was conducted until March 2023,and pregnancy success rates were recorded for the five groups.Results There were no significant differences in perioperative opera-tion time,intraoperative blood loss,and postoperative exhaust time among traditional bilateral resec-tion group,traditional unilateral resection group,preservation of bilateral resection group,preserva-tion of unilateral resection group(P＞0.05).After IVF-ET,there were significant differences in AMH,FSH,E2,and LH levels among the five groups(P＜0.05).The levels of AMH and E2 in a rising sequence were traditional bilateral resection group,traditional unilateral resection group,pres-ervation of bilateral resection group,preservation of unilateral resection group and control group,while the levels of FSH and LH in descending sequencing were traditional bilateral resection group,traditional unilateral resection group,preservation of bilateral resection group,preservation of unilat-eral resection group and control group.Follow-up was conducted until March 2023,and the preg-nancy success rates after IVF-ET were 45.28％,50.00％,53.33％,59.26％,and 58.62％in the traditional bilateral resection group,traditional unilateral resection group,preservation of bilater-al resection group,preservation of unilateral resection group,and control group,respectively.There was no significant difference in pregnancy success rate after IVF-ET among the five groups(x2=3.044,P=0.551).Conclusion Compared with traditional salpingectomy,salpingectomy with preservation of fallopian tube mesentery has less impact on ovarian reserve function.

Objective:To explore the effect of the resection of the primary lesion on the prognosis for patients with stage Ⅳ breast cancer.Methods:A total of 132 breast cancer patients who were first diagnosed as stage Ⅳ in the Hebei Cancer Hospital from June 2008 to June 2015 were divided into two groups: the primary resection group ( n=85) and the unresection group ( n=47). The influences of primary resection, timing of operation, lymph node removal or dissection and radiotherapy on the prognosis of stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients were analyzed. Results:Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that visceral metastasis was an independent influencing factor for primary lesion resection in stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients ( OR=2.590, 95% CI: 1.090-6.159). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that primary resection was an independent factor for the improvement of prognosis in stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients ( OR=0.582, 95% CI: 0.400-0.847). The median overall survival (OS) was 37.20 months in the resection group, which was higher than 24.10 months in the unresection group ( χ2=8.108, P=0.004). Among patients aged ≥50 years old, the median OS was 39.30 months in the resection group and 23.03 months in the unresection group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=14.191, P<0.001). The median OS was 38.00 months in the 66 patients with the operation time from diagnosis to resection of primary lesion<6 months ( n=66), and 35.20 months for ≥6 months ( n=19) ( χ2=4.430, P=0.035), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.430, P=0.035). The median OR of axillary lymph node dissection and axillary lymph node excision group were 45.37 months and 33.44 months, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=7.832, P=0.005). The median OS of postoperative radiotherapy group and non-radiotherapy group were 44.80 months and 33.20 months, respectively, the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=2.950, P=0.086). Conclusion:Resection of the primary lesion may prolong the survival time of some advanced breast cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the impact of salpingectomy with preservation of fallopian tube mesentery on ovarian reserve function.Methods A total of 281 patients with tubal disease who were admitted from January 2020 to March 2021 were collected as research objects.According to the different treatment methods,they were divided into traditional bilateral resection group(n=53,con-ventional bilateral salpingectomy),traditional unilateral resection group(n=56,conventional unilat-eral salpingectomy),preservation of bilateral resection group(n=60,bilateral salpingectomy with preservation of fallopian tube mesentery),preservation of unilateral resection group(n=54,unilater-al salpingectomy with preservation of fallopian tube mesentery),and control group[n=58,patients with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET)but no history of salpingectomy].The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,and postoperative exhaust time were compared among the groups.Two months after the operation,IVF-ET was performed,and the number of follicles and oocytes,pregnan-cy rate,and fertilization rate were detected.The levels of anti-mullerian hormone(AMH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),estradiol(E2),and luteinizing hormone(LH)in peripheral blood were detected after IVF-ET.Follow-up was conducted until March 2023,and pregnancy success rates were recorded for the five groups.Results There were no significant differences in perioperative opera-tion time,intraoperative blood loss,and postoperative exhaust time among traditional bilateral resec-tion group,traditional unilateral resection group,preservation of bilateral resection group,preserva-tion of unilateral resection group(P＞0.05).After IVF-ET,there were significant differences in AMH,FSH,E2,and LH levels among the five groups(P＜0.05).The levels of AMH and E2 in a rising sequence were traditional bilateral resection group,traditional unilateral resection group,pres-ervation of bilateral resection group,preservation of unilateral resection group and control group,while the levels of FSH and LH in descending sequencing were traditional bilateral resection group,traditional unilateral resection group,preservation of bilateral resection group,preservation of unilat-eral resection group and control group.Follow-up was conducted until March 2023,and the preg-nancy success rates after IVF-ET were 45.28％,50.00％,53.33％,59.26％,and 58.62％in the traditional bilateral resection group,traditional unilateral resection group,preservation of bilater-al resection group,preservation of unilateral resection group,and control group,respectively.There was no significant difference in pregnancy success rate after IVF-ET among the five groups(x2=3.044,P=0.551).Conclusion Compared with traditional salpingectomy,salpingectomy with preservation of fallopian tube mesentery has less impact on ovarian reserve function.

Objectives:To evaluate the valvular and cardiac function,cardiac reverse remodeling at 6-month after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair(TEER)for patients with functional and degenerative mitral valve regurgitation,and summarize the experience of echocardiography application. Methods:The clinical data of 93 patients with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation(MR)treated with TEER and completed 6-month follow-up in Yunnan Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital from July 2022 to February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into functional mitral regurgitation(FMR)and degenerative mitral regurgitation(DMR)groups according to MR etiology.The valve characteristic parameters,as well as valvular function,chamber volume and cardiac functional parameters before and at 6 months after operation were compared.The key points of echocardiography application were summarized. Results:Among all patients,71 were FMR and 22 were DMR.There were differences in valve structure between the two groups.Mitral TEER were successfully accomplished and all patients completed 6-month follow-up.The key points of echocardiography application included:valve structure analysis,atrial septal puncture location,device delivery process monitoring and image optimization during clamping process.The mitral regurgitation grade and NYHA grade were significantly improved in all patients at 6 months after TEER(P<0.05),and the mean mitral valve pressure gradient was higher than that before operation(P<0.05).Left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV)and left atrial volume index in FMR group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while left ventricular and left atrial volume in DMR group remained unchanged(P>0.05).There were no significant changes in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular global strain in both groups during the observation period(P>0.05).The changes of LVEDV and LVESV before and after operation were more significant in FMR group than those in DMR group(P<0.05). Conclusions:Mitral TEER can reduce the degree of regurgitation and improve cardiac function in the early postoperative period for moderate and severe MR patients with different etiologies.There are differences in preoperative valve structure and postoperative cardiac reverse remodeling between FMR and DMR patients.Echocardiography is an important imaging technique for the evaluation and monitoring process before,during and post mitral TEER.

Since 2010,the incidence of hand,foot,and mouth disease (HFMD) has ranked top in notifiable infectious disease in China,causing economic losses to many families and the society of China.This paper summarizes the related methods,results and problems systematically in the research of economic burden of HFMD in China to provide reference for the better estimation of the economic burden caused by HFMD.Many studies showed that HFMD,especially severe and fatal cases,had posed heavy economic burden on the society.To mitigate the burden caused by HFMD,it is necessary to decrease the risk of severe and fatal cases,as well as to reduce the incidence of mild cases.