An electrochemical aptasensor for Pb2+ was constructed based on the layer-by-layer assembly of graphene (GR) and anthraquinone -2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (AQMS) on the surface of Pb2+ aptamer. The mercapto-modified Pb2+ aptamer was first anchored on a gold electrode. Then the highly conductive material of GR was adsorbed on apt through the unique π-π stacking interaction, which was further used for the assembly and signal amplification of the electroactive AQMS. Upon interaction with Pb2+ ions, the apt on the aptasensor undergone conformational switch from a single-stranded form to the G-quadruplex structure, causing the GR assembled with AQMS releasing from the electrode surface into solution. As a result, the electrochemical signal of AQMS on the aptasensor was substantially reduced. Base on this concept, a useful platform for detection of Pb2+ ions was constructed. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the attenuation of peak currents (△Ipa ) showed linear relationship with the logarithm of Pb2+ concentrations (lgCPb2+) over the range from 5. 0×10-10 to 5. 0×10-8 mol/ L. The detection limit was estimated to be 6. 0×10-11 mol/ L.

Objective To study the probability of other autoimmune diseases in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC),autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and explore its effects on the prognosis.Methods From January 1994 to March 2014,the data of 232 patients with autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) were collected.The type and case number of coexisting with other autoimmune diseases of patients with PBC,AIH and PSC were analyzed and compared.Cox regression model was performed to analyze the effects of coexisting with autoimmune diseases on the prognosis of AILD.Results Among 135 PBC patients,there were 64 cases that coexisted with Sjogren's syndrome (SS),seven cases with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),seven cases with rheumatoid arthritis (RA),nine cases with systemic sclerosis (SSc),three cases with polymyositis and/or dermatomyositis (PM/DM) and one case with Crohn's disease.Among 55 AIH patients,threre were 19 cases that coexisted with SS,10 cases with SLE,one case with RA,two cases with SSc and two cases with PM/ DM.Among 24 PSC patients,there were seven cases combined with ulceric colitis,one case with Crohn's disease and one case with RA.Among 18 patients with PBC AIH overlap syndrome,there were five cases with SS and one case with RA.Compared with PBC patients,the risk of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis increased in PBC patiento coexisting with SS (OR =34.0,95 ％ CI 8.9 to 130.1).After gender,age,disease course and medicine intervention were adjusted,the prognosis of AILD which included death,liver transplantation and liver cirrhosis complications was not affected by the coexistence with other autoimmune diseases.Conclusions AILD patients coexisting with other autoimmune diseases is common,most of which are SS,SLE,SSc and RA.PBC patients coexisting with SS is the risk factor of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis,and coexisting with other autoimmune disease does not independently affect the prognosis of AILD.

Objective To detect levels of interleukin?4(IL?4), IL?10, interferon?γ(INF?γ)and transforming growth factor?β(TGF?β)in the culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)from patients with atopic dermatitis(AD), and to evaluate regulatory effects of benvitimod on these cytokines. Methods PBMCs were isolated from 20 AD patients and 20 healthy controls. Then, PBMCs from AD patients were equally divided into 4 groups to be cultured with phosphate?buffered saline (PBS group), 400 nmol/L benvitimod solution (benvitimod group), 250 nmol/L dexamethasone solution (dexamethasone group) and 10 nmol/L tacrolimus solution (tacrolimus group), respectively. Enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to detect levels of IL?4, IL?10, INF?γand TGF?βin the culture supernatant of PBMCs. Results Compared with healthy controls, patients with AD showed significantly higher level of IL?4(83.4 ± 12.2 vs. 44.3 ± 5.7 pg/ml, P<0.05), but lower levels of INF?γ(12.5 ± 2.3 vs. 25.4 ± 3.4 pg/ml, P<0.05)and IL?10(144.4 ± 4.1 vs. 189.9 ± 6.5 pg/ml, P<0.05)in peripheral blood. However, no significant difference in the level of TGF?βwas observed between the patient group and control group(178.9 ± 17.40 vs. 158.7 ± 18.30 pg/ml, P>0.05). Compared with PBS, 400 nmol/L benvitimod could decrease the expression of IL?4(50.2 ± 10.1 vs. 83.3 ± 12.2 pg/ml, P < 0.05), IL?10 (124.7 ± 17.5 vs. 144.4 ± 4.1 pg/ml, P>0.05)and INF?γ(9.56 ± 5.1 vs. 12.5 ± 2.3 pg/ml, P>0.05), but increase the expression of TGF?β(203.6 ± 15.3 vs. 178.9 ± 17.4 pg/ml, P>0.05)by PBMCs. In addition, no significant differences in the expression of IL?4, IL?10, INF?γ or TGF?β were observed between the benvitimod group and dexamethasone group or tacrolimus group(all P>0.05). Conclusion Benvitimod can regulate the expression of IL?4, IL?10, INF?γand TGF?βby PBMCs in patients with AD.

Objective To study the effects of formaldehyde on the level of microelements in mouse liver and blood and explore the microelements as biomarker in injury induced by formaldehyde.Methods The mice were randomly divided into control,low(1/40LD50),moderate(1/20LD50) and high(1/10LD50) dose groups exposed to formaldehyde by inhalation(n=20),two hours per day for three and six weeks,and than the contents of Cu,Fe,Zn and Mn in mouse liver and blood were measured.Results The contents of Fe,Zn and Mn in liver in high dose group three weeks after exposure and the contents of Fe and Zn in liver in high dose group six weeks after exposure were significantly lower than those in control group(P

Aim To observe the effects of liver cirrho-sis on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) and ColⅠin rat myocardium and interven-tion of erythropoietin ( EPO ) . Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dasley rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group, liver cirrhosis group and EPO group, then the cardic hemodynamic parameters in vivo and levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) as well as creatine kinase isoenzyme ( CK-MB) were measured. With Masson′s trichrome stain, changes of collagen formation of myocardial tissue in different groups were observed. Also the mRNA ex-pressions of TGF-β1 and ColⅠin myocardium were de-tected by RT-PCR. Results In contrast to control group, rats in liver cirrhosis group showed a decline in systolic and diastolic function of left ventricule, rising myocardial enzyme, a distinct increase of cardiac colla-gen deposition, as well as an elevation of TGF-β1 and ColⅠmRNA expressions. In contrast to liver cirrhosis group, rats in EPO group demonstrated an improve-ment in systolic and diastolic function of left ventricule as well as in cardiac collagen deposition, and a de-crease in both myocardial enzyme and TGF-β1 and ColⅠmRNA expressions. Conclusion Liver cirrhosis can lead to the changes of myocardial structure and function in rats,and it can accelerate myocardial inter-stitial fibrosis; EPO can protect the myocardial injury in liver cirrhosis rats.

Objective: To explore the relationship between sleep quality with depression and anxiety symptoms among college students in Tibet plateau areas, and to provide scientific basis for sleep quality promotion, as well as depression and anxiety allevation in high-altitude areas. Methods: The stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate 1 288 second and third year college students in Tibet University from October to November 2019. The Chinese Version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Self rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used in this survey, and the survey results were tested by t-test, variance analysis and Logistics regression analysis. Results: The mean sleep quality index was(5.32±2.94), and 20.5% (n=264) of participants reported poor sleep quality. The detection rates of depression and anxiety symptoms were 46.0% (n=592) and 24.4%(n=314), respectively. And 20.4% (n=263) had the worst sleep quality with the coexistence of depression and anxiety symptoms. College students who are female, Tibetan, smoking, drinking and poor sleep quality have a higher risk of depression(OR=1.55,1.80,1.51，1.67，5.60), while Tibetan, drinking and poor sleep quality college students have a higher risk of anxiety(OR=1.52,1.91，10.22)(P<0.05). Conclusion There is a close relationship between the sleep quality of college students in Tibet Plateau areas with depression and anxiety symptoms. Mental health education department in colleges should attach great importance to the sleep quality of students, especially for individuals with sleep disorders, so as to reduce the incidence of depression and anxiety symptoms among college students.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the expression of T regulatory cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood and salivary gland of patients with primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome (pSS).Methods The expression of Treg was measured by flow-cytometry analysis in 23 pSS patients and 15 healthy controls.CD4 positive cells were sorted by immunomagnetic beads,Forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) mRNA was extracted,real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure Foxp3 mRNA.For the study of salivary gland,five primary billary cirrhosis (PBC) patients without pSS were selected as the control group,the expression of CD4+T cells and Foxp3+ T cells in salivary gland was examined by immunohistochemistry.The result was analyzed by t test.Results The expression of Treg in the peripheral blood of pSS patients [(5±6)％] was lower than healthy controls [(10±5)％] (t=2.190,P=0.036).There was no significant difference in Foxp3-mRNA expression between pSS patients (0.08±0.05) and controls(0.09±0.03 ) (t=0.695,P＞0.05 ).The expression of CD4+ T cells [ ( 30± 10 )％ ] and Foxp3+ T cells [ ( 10.7±5.8 ) ％ ] in the salivary gland of pSS patients increased significantly when compared with PBC control group [CD4+T (11±6)％ and Foxp3+T(3.2+1.1)％ ] (t=4.072,2.840; P＜0.05).Conclusion For pSS patients,the expression of Treg decreases in the peripheral blood,but Treg increases in the salivary gland.The results of this study suggest that Foxp3plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pSS.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and related factors of ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods One hundred and thirty-seven newly diagnosed patients with UC from 2006 to 2009 in the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected as our subjects.The clinical data were recorded and the patients were followed up for 3 years.Results Of 137 patients,complete remission rate was 38.69％ (53/137),and partial response rate was 61.31％ (84/137).The overall effective rate was 100％ (137/137).The 1-year cumulative relapse rate was 26.28％ (36/137),and 2-year cumulative relapse rate was 49.64％ (68/137),59.85％ (82/137) for 3-year cumulative relapse rate.The occasion rate (≤ 1 time/year)was 27.01％ (37/137),and frequency (≥2 times/year) was 32.85％ (45/137).Fifty-five patients (40.15％ (55/137)) were no recurrence within 3 years.Relapse rate were not relate to gender (P ＞0.05).The relapse rate of patients less than 50 years was 68.09％ (64/94) substantially higher than that over 50 age group (41.86％ (18/43),x2 =8.444,P ＜ 0.05).The relapse rate of Uygur patients (70.42％,50/71) was substantially higher than the Han (48.48 ％ (32/66),x2 =6.851,P ＜ 0.05).The relapse rate of left colon and extensive colon were 71.64％ (48/67) and 71.88％ (23/32),higher than that of rectum(28.94％,11/38) (P＜ 0.05).The relapse rate of severe group (82.61％,19/23) was higher than that of the mild (52.38％,33/63)and moderate groups (58.82％,30/51) (P ＜ 0.05).In maintenance of mitigation group,52.73％ patients (29/55) were received maintenance treatment and relapse of those patients were significantly higher than recurrence group (31.71％,26/82,P ＜ 0.05).Mental stress may be the top one risk factor,which lead to recurrence of UC (64.63％,53/82),followed by imbalance diet (56.10％,46/82) and overwork (39.02％,32/82).Conclusion Relapse rate of the Uygnr UC patients was higher than that of the Han,and young adults has the higher recurrence rates than the elder.The factors of lesion extent,severity,ability to maintain treatment are related to recurrence of UC.Stress,imbalance diet and overwork are risk factors of recurrence of UC.

Objective To investigate the role of spo0A gene in growth and sporulation of Clostridium difficile clinical isolates. Methods ClosTron gene knock-out system was used to knock out the spo0A gene of C. difficile strain C25. Bacterial growth curve was plotted by measuring D600 with spectrophotometer in different phases of bacterial growth. Malachite green staining technique was used to count the number of vegetative cells and spores under optical microscope. The sporulation rate was calculated. Results The spo0A mutant and its C25 parental strain showed similar patterns of growth. However, after knock-out of spo0A gene, an asporogenous phenotype was built, while the parental strain could produce spores as usual.Conclusions The spo0A gene plays a key role in sporulation but not growth of C. difficile strain.