Cells and scaffolds are two key elements of tissue engineering,while the viabilitv of cells is mainly depended on the nature of scaffolds.A suitable scaffold should simulate the internal environment as well as possible,which is necessary for the growth of cells.The nanometer structured biomaterials have become more and more popular in the study of tissue engineering due to their ability to perfectly simulate the topography of the microenvironment.This paper summarized the advances in the application of nanometer structured materials in the in vitro cell cultures.The mechanisms of the promoting effect of nano.structured biomaterials on the cell growth and the application of nano-structured materials in liver tissue engineering are discussed.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.23.023

Objective As an effective means of liver function support for acute liver failure, bioartificial liver has seen great progress in recent years. However, the development of this type of device is currently hindered by limited oxygen transport to cultured hepatocytes. In this study we try to resolve this problem by supplementing the circulating medium of the bioreactor with red blood cells.Methods Freshly isolated primary porcine hepatocytes were inoculated into our newly designed bioreactor and were divided into two groups: RPMI1640 was circulated in the control group and porcine red blood cells were added into the culture medium in the experimental group. The culture media in both groups were oxygenated through extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the bioreactor was measured by a blood gas analyzer. Liver-specific functions and glucose consumption were also determined. Results The OCR of the experimental group was 1.5 fold that of the control group, and the glucose consumption rate was twice that of the control group. The liver-specific functions of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group in terrns of albumin secretion and urea synthesis. Conclusion Supplementing the circulating medium of the bioreactor with red blood cells can significantly improve the oxygen supply in the bioreactor, thereby enhancing the glucose consumption and liver-specific functions of hepatocytes. This method is convenient and effective, and is expected to be an effective means to resolve the problems of oxygen supply in the bioreactor.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effect ofZishen decoction combined with standard treatment of western medicine for for stage IV diabetic nephropathy with Qi and Yin deficiency.MethodsA total of 112 patients with stage IV diabetic nephropathy and Qi and Yin deficiency were randomized to thestandard treatment and the combined treatment groups, 56 in each. The standard treatment group received conventional treatment, including blood glucose controlling, antihypertensive, blood lipid regulating and diet controlling. The combined treatment group receivedZishen decoction on the basis of conventional treatment. All the patients were treated for 3 months. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), total cholesterol (TG), triacylglycerol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured by an automatic chemistry analyzer. The urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsCompared with the standard treatment group, the SCr (53.51 ± 18.12μmol/Lvs. 62.66 ± 21.14μmol/L;t=2.459,P<0.05), UAER(100.73±84.24μg/minvs. 156.24 ± 96.38μg/min;t=3.245,P<0.05), TG(1.73±0.22 mmol/Lvs. 2.06 ± 0.21 mmol/L;t=8.112,P<0.01), TC(4.56 ± 0.62 mmol/Lvs. 5.10 ±0.31 mmol/L;t=5.830, P<0.01), LDL-C (2.42 ± 1.05 mmol/Lvs. 3.31 ± 0.81 mmol/L;t=5.022,P<0.01) in the combined treatment group decreased significantly, and the HDL-C (1.67 ± 0.33 mmol/Lvs. 1.36 ± 0.41 mmol/L;t=4.460,P<0.01) increased significantly. ConclusionZishen decoction on the basis of conventional treatment can improve the SCr and UAER, and regulate the blood lipid in the patients with stage IV diabetic nephropathy and Qi-Yin deficiency.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the self-made Zishen decoction combined with conventional western medicine therapy and health education on the patients with early diabetic nephropathy. Methods The 112 patients with DN were randomly assigned to 2 groups (each group 56 patients) at a ratio of 1:1. The control group was treated with control of glucose, blood pressure, lipid, and diet therapy, and the treatment group was with self-made prescription of invigorating the kidney and health education based on the control group treatment. All patients were treated for 6 months. The SF-36 scale was used to assess the quality of life, and the clinical effect was determined based on the blood biochemical indexes. Results Total clinical effect of the treatment group was 85.7%(48/56), and the control group was 67.9%(38/56) (χ2=4.057, P=0.044). Compared with the control group after treatment for 6 months, the physical condition (72.17 ± 13.41 vs. 64.59 ± 11.83, t=3.172), social function (64.58 ± 14.54 vs. 58.94 ± 14.62, t=2.047), physical role function (55.82 ± 10.11 vs. 47.46 ± 10.18, t=4.360), emotional role function (60.43 ± 10.20 vs. 56.04 ± 11.44, t=2.143), energy (69.86 ± 11.43 vs. 62.47 ± 11.12, t=3.468), general health status (68.57 ± 11.25 vs. 62.45 ± 11.78, t=2.812) of the treatment group were significantly improved (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion The self-made Zishen decoction and health education combined with conventional western medicine can improve the clinical effect and quality of life of patients with DN.

Objectives To observe the changes of apoptosis-related proteins during the development of sarcopenia and to explore the effect and mechanism of long-term aerobic exercises and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) on those changes for the natural aging C57BL/6 mice.Methods After 1 week of acclimatization,50 27-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a young sedentary control (YS) group,an old sedentary control (OS) group and an old exercises (OE) group.After the gripstrength was measured the mice from group YS were sacrificed at the age of 28 weeks.The mice from group OE exercised on a fiat treadmill at 12rn/minute for 50 min 3 or 4 times a week for 30 weeks with the intensity of 75％ VO2max.At the age of 60 weeks,the mice of group OS and OE were killed after their grip-strength was measured.The gastrocnemius muscle of each group were isolated and weighted,and the sarcopenia index (SI) was measured.Then the total protein of the gastrocnemius muscle was extracted.HSP70 and cleaved caspase-9 expression were examined.The binding rate of HSP70 and Apaf-1 was measured using Co-Immunoprecipitation.TUNEL staining was performed to detect the apoptosis of the gastrocnemius muscle.Results (1) Compared with group YS,SI of group OS decreased significantly by 23.09％,but significant increase was observed in group OE compared to group OS by 30.48％.(2) The grip strength per gram of body weight of group OS decreased significantly by 42.74％ compared to group YS,while that of group OE increased significantly by 21.51％ compared to group OS.(3) The apoptosis index increases by 475.28％ with age.However,the index decreased by 46.41％ in group OE over group OS.(4) Western blotting showed that the expression of cleaved caspase-9 increased significantly by 45.4％ in group OS compared to group YS,while that of group OE decreased significantly by 33.4％ compared to group OS.(5) The binding rate of HSP 70 with Apaf-1 of group OS decreased significantly by 67.11％ compared to group YS,while that of group OE increased significanlty by 306.31％ compared to group OS.Conclusions (1) Gastrocnemius atrophy occurring to mice of 60 weeks can be significanlty delayed through 30-week exercises training.(2) The increasing apoptosis may be involved in the development of age-related sarcopenia and 30-week exercises can significantly attenuate such apoptosis in rodent skeletal muscle.(3) Aerobic exercises increases HSP70/Apaf-1 interaction,which might play an important role in reducing age-related cellular damage and cell death in the skeletal muscle of rats.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of membrane molecular weight cut off on a novel bioartificial liver(BAL) system.MethodsHealthy beagles underwent 6-hour treatment with a BAL containing membrane with 200 kDa retention rating or 1200 kDa retention rating.The functional changes and cell viability were characterized.ResultsHepatocyte performance levels such as albumin secretion,urea synthesis and viability were significantly higher in the 200 kDa retention rating group when compared with the 1200 kDa retention rating group (P＜0.05).Significant levels of canine proteins were detected in the BAL medium from the 1200 kDa retention rating group.Fluorescence microscopy further verified that heavy deposition of canine IgG,IgM and complement (C3) on co-culture cells were obtained after BAL treatment in the 1200 kDa retention rating group.ConclusionsSmall membrane molecular weight cut off of BAL could reduce the transfer of xenoreactive antibodies into the BAL medium and improved the performance of the BAL.

Based on the data from Shandong Province death registration system in 2015, the mortality rate was adjusted by the results of underreporting rate investigation, and the probability of premature death of non-communicable diseases was calculated by life table method. A total of 728 287 deaths caused by four main non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumor, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease, accounting for 85.83% of the total death in 2015. The death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and malignant tumor accounted for 50.90% and 25.69% respectively. The probability of premature death was 17.84%. The probability in males was higher than that in females (23.12% vs 12.25%). The highest probability of premature death in urban was cancer, but in rural was cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The probability increased from the East areas to the West. The highest probability reached at 21.50% in the Western underdeveloped areas, and the lowest probability was in Dongying City (14.84%) and Weihai City (14.94%) in the coastal areas.

Objective To investigate the influence of membrane molecular weight cut off in our bioartificial liver(BAL)system.Methods Beagle dogs were used for a model of acute liver failure through D-galactosamine administration.The acute liver failure Beagles were divided into two groups by the membrane molecular weight cut off.Group A was treated with BAL containing 200 kDa retention rating membrane.Group B was treated with BAL containing 1200 kDa retention rating membrane.Each group underwent two six-hour BAL treatments that were performed on day 1 and day 21.BAL medium were examined and levels of IgG,IgM,and complement hemolytic unit of 50％(CH50)antibodies were measured in all Beagles and.Results BAL treatment was associated with a significant decline in levels of CH50.1200 kDa group experienced a significant increase in levels of IgG and IgM after two BAL treatments.Significant levels of canine proteins were detected in BAL medium from 1200 kDa group.Conclusions Xenogeneic immune response in the BAL system was influenced by membrane molecular weight cut off.

Objective:To discuss the clinical curative effect of the minimally invasive percutaneous suture technique of eight times for repairing closed injury extensor tendon zone I of finger.Methods:From February 2017 to January 2020, 12 patients (male 8, female 4) with mallet finger deformity were retrospectively studied, with an average age of 35 years (range, 18-50 years). And all the affected fingers were acute closed rupture of extensor tendon in zone I of single finger, 5 cases of the left finger and 7 cases of the right finger. There were 1 case of the thumb finger, 2 cases of the index finger, 3 cases of the middle finger, 4 cases of the ring finger and 2 cases of the little finger. 12 patients with fresh sputum mallet fingers were with 3-0 thread monofilament suture on extensor tendon zone I of finger in the minimally invasive percutaneous suture technique of eight times, and the distal end of the tendon was fixed to the base of the distal phalanx through the bone hole. Removal of the Kirschner wire 6-8 weeks, the brace was used to fix the affected finger in the dorsal extension. The flexion and extension of the affected finger was gradually strengthened. The function of the affected finger was evaluated according to the Crawford standard after operation and follow-up. The active flexion and extension range of motion of each joint of the affected finger and the contralateral healthy finger were measured, and the total action movement (TAM) of the finger were recorded. Finger function was evaluated according to TAM of the American Association of Hand Surgeons.Results:All operations were successfully completed, the operation time of the patients ranged from 18 to 25 min, with an average of 20.1±0.2 min. There was only a small amount of bleeding in the surgery. All 12 cases were followed up and the follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 14 months, with an average of 10.2±1.1 months. Mallet finger deformities were all corrected postoperatively; there were no knot exposure, skin necrosis and other complications. According to the Crawford standard, 9 cases were excellent, 2 cases were good, and 1 case was fair. The excellent and good rate was 91.7% (11/12). The mean active flexion of distal interphalangeal joints on the wounded finger and healthy finger were 82.11°±2.02° and 84.09°±2.01°, the mean active extension of distal interphalangeal joints on the wounded finger and healthy finger were -2.04°±3.01° and 0.02°±1.02°, there were significant differences between them ( t=2.447, 3.246; P=0.019, 0.004). The degrees of active joint activity of wounded finger were: 91.02°±4.01° of the metacar-pophalangeal joint, 94.04°±2.11° of the proximal interphalangeal joint, 83.01°±2.02° of the distal interphalangeal joint, and 265.05°±13.04° of total active activity; the degrees of active joint activity of healthy finger were: 93.01°±3.21° of the metacar-pophalangeal joint, 94.03°±3.07° of the proximal interphalangeal joint, 85.02°±2.01° of the distal interphalangeal joint, and 269.02°±12.10° of total active activity. The TAMs of the healthy side were 269.02°±12.10°, and the TAMs of the affected side were 265.05°±13.04°, there was no significant difference between them ( P>0.05). According to TAM system assessment criteria: excellent in 9 patients, good in 3 patients, and the excellent and good rate was 100% (12/12). Conclusion:The minimally invasive percutaneous suture technique of eight times can well repair closed injury extensor tendon zone I of finger, can have satisfactory treatment outcome in mallet finger with a simple procedure and good outcome. It is a simple, safe, effective method with minimal invasion.