A new mathematical equation characterizing the compression of pharmaceutical materials is presented. This equation presumed that the rate of change of the compressible volume of powder with respect to the pressure is proportional to the compressible volume. The new model provided a good fit to several model substances employing non-linear regression techniques. The validity of the model had been verified with experimental results of various pharmaceutical powders according to the Akaikes informatics criterion (AIC) and the sum of squared deviations (SS). The parameter of the new model might reflect quantitatively the fundamental compression behaviors of the powders. It had demonstrated that the proposed model could well predict the compaction characteristics of solid particles like the Kawakita model.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of laparoscopic hysteromyomectomy.Methods The clinical data of 98 cases of laparoscopic hysteromyomectomy(LM)and 76 cases of transabdominal Myomectomy(TAM)were retrospectively analyzed and comparison was made on the operative time,operative blood loss,postoperative blind enema time,body temperature recovery time,the rate of postoperative complicating disease and hospitalization after operation.Result Though the mean opertative time is the same,the mean operative blood loss,the mean body temperature recovery time,postoperative blind enema time,and the mean hospitalization was smaller in LM group than in TAM group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic hysteromyomectomy has the advantage of minimal invasion,short in-hospital days,fast recovery and low complication rate,which is an ideal treatment of hysteromyoma.

OBJECTIVE:To reduce drug dispensing mistakes and the hidden dangers in outpatient dispensary so as to improve the quality of drug dispensing.METHODS:The corresponding intervention measures were taken based on the analysis on drug dispensing mistakes and the hidden dangers in outpatient dispensary,meanwhile the state after intervention was compared with that before.RESULTS:The drug dispensing mistakes decreased from40cases to16cases with the decreasing rate at60%after intervention;and the hidden dangers of mistakes has decreased from178cases to118cases with the decrease rate at33.7%.CONCLUSION:The drug dispensing mistakes and the hidden dangers in outpatient dispensary have been de?creased effectively and the quality of drug dispensing has been improved through the practice of the comprehensive precau?tionary measures.

In the long course of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) development history,generations of physicians in their long-term medical practice,have paid attention to assimilate and apply new technology and new theory,constantly enrich and perfect the medical technologies,methods and theory systems.It is particularly important to promote the innovation of TCM theory and guide the clinical application of TCM through the learning and absorption of advantages from modern technologies and biomedicine to transform as part of TCM,and then,to expatiate with TCM language.It is especially important in the promotion of TCM theory innovation and clinical guidance of TCM practice.This paper overviewed the common points between TCM and modern medicine from the aspects of balance and steady state of organism,zangfu-organ relationship,etiology and pathogenesis,syndrome differentiation methods,compatibility of Chinese herbal medicine and formula,medicinal properties and pharmacology,etc.The feasibility of applying modern medicine in the interpretation of TCM and its development prospects was expatiated.It provided new ideas and new methods in TCM development.

Aim: To study the effects of astragaloside IV on experimental ventricular remodeling in mice and its mechanism from matrix metalloproteinase aspect.Method: Ventricular remodeling in mice was induced by con-secutively subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol for 14 days.Astragaloside IV(40,80 mg/kg)and propranolol(40 mg/kg,positive control)were administered by gavage to mice.Echocardiography was used to observe the left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVIDd),left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVIDs),fractional shortening(FS)and ejection fraction(EF).The myocardial pathological pattern was detected by HE staining.Expressions of matrix metalloproteinases(MMP2,MMP9)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases(TIMP1,TIMP2)mRNA in myocardium were detected by RT-PCR.Activities of MMP2 and MMP9 were assayed by zymography.Results:Compared with those of control mice,LVIDd and LVIDs were increased,FS and EF were decreased in the model group.Myocardial injury and fibrosis existed in histop at hological slices of the model group.In addition,the mRNA expressions and activities of MMP2 and MMP9 were increased in the model group.However,there were no markable changes to TIMP1 and TIMP2.Treatment with astragaloside IV reduced LVIDd and LVIDs,increased FS and EF,attenuated myocardial injury,and down-regulated mRNA expressions and activities of MMP2 and MMP9 compared with the model group.Conclusion: Astragaloside IV can greatly improve ventricular remodeling and dysfunction via decreasing MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA expression and activities in cardiac ventricles.

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare autosome-recessive disease characterized by progressive motor and cognitive regression.The PLA2G6 gene is its causative gene,which encodes calcium-independent phospholipase A2 enzyme (iPLA2-VIA).The diagnosis of INAD is difficult because of its clinical heterogeneity,and the rate of misdiagnosis is high.The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics,molecular genetics,treatment and prognosis of INAD to improve the acknowledgement of INAD in medical workers and to help make an early diagnosis of INAD.

Objective:To assess the characteristics change of sleep architecture in drug naive patients with schizophrenia,compared with healthy control.Methods:The key words including schizophrenia and sleep architecture (or sleep structure or sleep disturbance or polysomnogram and so on) were used to search literatures in MEDLINE,Embase,Springer,PsychINFO,google scholar,Wanfang data,published from 1980 to 2015.Fifteen studies that compared sleep architecture in drug naive patients with schizophrenia and healthy control were included.Literature quality evaluation was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.The meta-analysis was performed by using Stata13.0 software.Results:Compared to healthy control,the total sleep time decreased (P ＜ 0.01),the sleep latency increased (P ＜ 0.01),the sleep efficiency decreased (P ＜ 0.01),and the rapid-eye-movemem (REM) sleep latency increased (P ＜ 0.01) significantly in drug naive patients with schizophrenia.The proportion of stage1 was increased,and the proportions of stage4 and slow wave sleep stage were decreased,the differences between case and control were statistically significant.Conclusion:In the control of drug effects,patients with schizophrenia may have poorer sleep quality of be poorer than healthy controls,such as the decreased total sleep time,specifically slow wave sleep,prolonged sleep latency and decreased sleep efficiency.

Objective To investigate the effects of the serum from rats with hemorrhagic shock and Shenfu injection, on the expression of endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured with rat serum. Method The soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) in supernatant, the expression of EPCR mRNA and protein level of EPCR in HUVECs were detected by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western bloting (WB) in normal control group, hemorrhagic shock serum (3 h, 12 h, 24h, 72 h) group, and Shenfu-treated (3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 72 h) group, respectively. Results The mean levels of sEPCR and the expression of EPCR mRNA were significantly higher in hemorrhagic shock serum (12 h, 24 h) group, and Shenfu -treated(24 h)group than those in normal control group (all P ＜0.01 ),the mean levels of sEPCR and the expressions of EPCR mRNA were significantly higher in Shenfu-treated ( 12 h) group than those in normal control group ( all P ＜0. 05 ), while the levels of protein were lower in hemorrhagic shock serum ( 12 h, 24 h) group and in Shenfu-treated(24 h)group than those in normal control group ( both P ＜0.01 ), and the level of EPCR protein was lower in Shenfu-treated( 12 h) group than that in normal control group ( P ＜ 0. 05) . The mean levels of sEPCR and the expressions of EPCR mRNA were significantly lower in Shenfu-treated ( 12 h, 24 h) group than those in hemorrhagic shock serum ( 12 h,24 h) group (all P ＜0.05), while the levels of EPCR protein were higher in Shenfu-treated ( 12 h, 24 h)group than those in hemorrhagic shock serum ( 12 h, 24 h) group ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions These data suggest that Shenfu injectio could affect the expression of EPCR mRNA and the level of EPCR protein, thereby it might be effective in prevention of development of hemorrhagic shock.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in the functional activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in the hepatic tissue after endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) tolerance and explore the effects of LPS-induced GSK-3 inhibition on glycogen metabolism in the liver.

METHODSMale SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, endotoxin pretreatment and GSK-3 inhibitor (lithium chloride) groups with corresponding pretreatments prior to a large dose of LPS challenge (10 mg/kg) to induce liver injury. Glycogen deposition and content in the hepatic tissue was detected using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and a glycogen quantification kit, respectively. Western blotting was performed for semi-quantitative analysis of protein level and inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3, and a Coomassie brilliant blue G-250-based colorimetric assay was used to detect calpain activity in the liver.

RESULTSGlycogen content in the liver decreased significantly after LPS challenge in all the 3 groups (P<0.05) but showed no significant difference among the groups (P>0.05). Both LPS and lithium chloride pretreatments caused a significant increase of liver glycogen content (P<0.05). LPS pretreatment induced inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3β (P<0.05) and partial cleavage of GSK-3α but did not affect the expression of GSK-3 protein (P>0.05). Large-dose LPS challenge significantly increased the activity of calpain in the liver tissue (P<0.05) to a comparable level in the 3 groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONEndotoxin pretreatment induces inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3β and partial cleavage of GSK-3α and promotes the deposition of liver glycogen but does not affect the activity of calpain, which may contribute to an increased glycogen reserve for energy supply in the event of large-dose LPS challenge.

Animals ; Calpain ; metabolism ; Glycogen ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Lithium Chloride ; pharmacology ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To determine the expression level of MicroRNA-15b in premenopausal endometrial carcinoma and analyze its relationship with pathological parameters. Methods From March 2016 to June 2018, 64 cases of premenopausal endometrial carcinoma tissues and 28 cases of premenopausal normal endometrial tissues that were surgically resected and examined in Shaanxi People′s Hospital were collected. The expression of microrna- 15b was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and the relationship between the expression level of microrna-15b and the pathological parameters of premenopausal endometrial carcinoma was analyzed. Results The relative expression level of microrna-15b in premenopausal endometrial cancer (1.38 ± 0.28) was lower than that in normal endometrial tissue (2.55 ± 0.36), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). MicroRNA-15b expression level in premenopausal endometrial carcinoma tissue of Ⅲ period, infiltration depth 1/2 or more muscle layer, lymph node metastasis, ER negative and negative PR was significantly lower than that of stage Ⅰ ～ Ⅱ, < 1/2 muscularis infiltration depth, no lymph node metastasis, and positive ER and PR(P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the expression level of microrna-15b in premenopausal endometrial cancer tissues with different ages, pathological types and pathological grades (P>0.05). Conclusions The expression of MicroRNA-15b in premenopausal endometrial carcinoma is low, and it is closely related to pathological stage, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and hormone receptor. Up-regulation of microRNA-15b expression may become a new treatment direction for premenopausal endometrial cancer.