BACKGROUND: The mental health of primary school teachers who have been working in remote mountain areas for a long time can be affected by the environment and conditions there.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the present mental health of mountain-area teachers to seek countermeasures of raising their mental health level.DESIGN: An investigation of random sampling questionnaires was carried out with the primary school teachers in remote mountain areas as observational subjects.SETTING: Department of Education, Xinzhou Teachers' Training Institute.PARTICIPANTS: From December 2003 to February 2004, 182 teachers who were randomly sampled from the 28 most remote mountain schools selected from seven counties and cities such as Wutai, Shenchi and Hequ in Shanxi Province, were selected as investigation subjects.METHODS: The self-assessed/measured symptom scale was used to assess the mental health of mountain area teachers. The scale was made up of 90 items, including 9 factors such as somatic disorder, obsessive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, depression, hostility, horror, paranoia,and psychoticism. There were 5 scaling levels: 1 shows 'never', 2 shows'mild', 3 shows 'moderate', 4 shows 'rather serious' and 5 shows 'severe'. Evaluation standard: If the factor score ≥ 2, they had mild symptoms; if any factor score ≥ 3, they were regarded as probably having mental problems above moderate degree. The major statistical indexes were the 9 factor scores, detection rate of moderate pain (factor score ≥ 3) and positive item number (factor score ≥ 2), all of which were compared with the national normal norm.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mental health of male/female teachers and teachers of different ages in mountain areas.RESULTS: Totally 182 copies of questionnaire were distributed, and 146of them were collected, with an effective rate of 80.2%. ① The total detection rate of psychological problems was 51.7%, in which male teachers made up 48.8% while female teachers 53.3%. Those with psychological problems above moderate level constituted 6.1%, of which male teachers held 1.4% and female teachers held 4.8%. The detection rate of each psychological problem among teachers of mountain areas ranged from2.1% to 12.3%. The symptoms ranked in detection rate from high to low were obsessive disorder, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, somatic symptom, psychoticism, paranoia, horror and hostility. ② The total score and total average score of self-assessed/measured symptom inventory of mountain area teachers were obviously higher than those of the normal norm. The number of positive items was smaller than that of the normal norm, but the average score of positive items was obviously higher than that of the normal norm. It showed that the level of mental health of mountain area teachers was generally lower than that of normal population in the nation. ③ All the factor scores on the self-assessed/measured symptom inventory of mountain area teachers were obviously higher than the level of national normal population (P ≤ 0.01). ④The number and average score of positive items of mountain area female teachers were higher than those of the male teachers. The factor scores on interpersonal sensitivity, depression and anxiety of the female teachers were higher than those of the male teachers with significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). ⑤The average score of positive items and the score of the factors such as somatic symptom and horror of the teachers aged ≥ 30 years old were significantly higher than those of the teachers aged under 30 years old (P≤ 0.01).CONCLUSION: The detection rate of psychological problems of mountain area teachers was relatively higher, which were mainly presented as obsessive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom. On the self-assessed/measured symptom inventory of the mountain area teachers, the total score, the total average score, the average score of positive items and the score of each factor were obviously higher than those of the national normal population. The incidence rate of psychological problems of the female teachers was higherthan that of the male teachers. The mental health leve1 of teachers aged 30 years old or above was relatively lower.

Mobile learning behaviors are the greatly concerned hotspot in educational field.However, the specific mobile learning behaviors of university undergraduates are not subdivided in the current researches.The mobile learning behavior data of university undergraduates in different learning circumstances were recorded by literature survey, interview and questionnaire investigation, the characteristics of mobile learning behaviors were subdivided and analyzed in order to help them work out their strategy for mobile learning in different learning circumstances, which showed that the frequency of intelligent mobile learning was higher than that of traditional mobile learning in specific academic activities (academic exchange, self learning, academic sharing, transmission and search), and that the new generation of digital young people showed their preference to mobile learning due to its advantage of convenience while the disadvantage of its function and operation limited its persistent use.It is thus the hope of university undergraduates, especially medical undergraduates, to develop more devices and tools that are convenient for their mobile learning by making use of the advantages of intelligent mobile terminal and traditional terminals.

The design principles of healthcare wearable devices: ambient intelligence, service continuity, and micro-context provide more choice and solutions for the healthcare and social needs, and have the potential to be an integral part of the modern health care system. The use of wearable devices will contribute to the innovation of healthcare data acquisition and healthcare behaviors, the promotion of health consciousness and literacy, it also benefits the patient education, clinical pathway, medical model and health management performance.

The change of library space is driven by various factors, such as technology innovation, users demand and the changing competitive environments. The evolution processes of library space were thus clarified by retrie-ving CNKI, namely from computer and IT to Internet and wide application of information and communication tech-nology, from physical space to virtual space, from space function to information commons, learning, pioneering work and social intercourse, which can eventually lead to the intelligent, individual and ubiquitous library space.

OBJECTIVE:To compare clinical efficacy and safety of budesonide and beclometasone assisting with terbutaline by atomization inhalation in the treatment of acute pediatric asthma attack. METHODS:150 pediatric patients with acute asthma attack were randomly divided into group A and group B,with 75 cases in each group. Both group received symptomatic support treatment as low-flow oxygen inhalation,eliminating phlegm,relieving a cough,dilating bronchus and anti-infection,and atomization inhala-tion of budesonide,1 ml each time,bid. Based on this,group A was given atomization inhalation of budesonide,2 ml each time, bid;group B was given atomization inhalation of beclometasone,2 ml,bid. Treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 7 d. Clini-cal efficacy,asthma control,PEF% and the occurrence of ADR were observed in 2 groups;the time of symptoms and signs dis-appearance and hospitalization time were recorded,and symptoms and signs of children were scored 1 day before treatment and 7 days after treatment. RESULTS:During treatment,2 cases and 3 cases were withdraw from the test in group A and group B, respectively. The total effective rates of group A and B were 91.78% and 94.44%,and the rate of asthma control 95.89% and 94.44%,without statistical significance(P>0.05). The time of breathing difficulties disappearance,cough disappearance time, wheezing disappearance time and hospitalization time of group A were separately (2.11 ± 0.54),(3.28 ± 0.93),(4.38 ± 1.05), (5.83±1.29)d;those of B group were separately(2.07±0.52),(3.30±0.96),(4.45±1.08),(5.90±1.33)d,there was no sig-nificant difference between 2 groups(P>0.05). The clinical symptoms and signs score of group A before and after treatment were separately (4.28 ± 0.94) and (0.15 ± 0.04);those of before and after treatment of group B were separately (4.23 ± 0.91) and(0.11±0.03). There was significant difference before and after treatment(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). The PEF% of group A before and after treatment were separately (51.4 ± 9.8)% and (67.2 ± 11.2)%;those of before and after treatment of group B were separately(52.0±7.1)%and(68.3±8.7)%. There was significant difference before and after treatment (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). No obvi-ous ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Budesonide and beclometasone assisting with terbutaline by atomization inha-lation in the treatment for acute pediatric asthma attack possess the same effects and can efficiently relieve symptoms and signs, increase the rate of asthma control and shorten the rehabilita-tion course with good safety.

In order to obtain experimental evidences of therapeutic effect of rhIL 11 for clinical use, we observed the effects of rhIL 11 on colony formation of multilineage human hematopoietic cells in vitro and acceleration of platelet count and bone marrow hematopoietic recovery in 3 0Gy ? ray irradiated rhesus monkeys. The results showed that rhIL 11 significantly increased the nadirs of PLT count and shortened the duration of PLT numbers below 50% of their baseline values. The recovery of PLT in irradiated monkeys was accelerated. Dosage related PLT recovery was not observed. rhIL 11 not only promoted the proliferation and maturation of CFU Mk but also improved the proliferation of CFU GM, CFU e, BFU e and CFU Mix. These data suggest that rhIL 11 may be an effective agent in the treatment of hemopoietic suppression and thrombocytopenia.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal hematopoietic microenvironment is an important factor causing dyshematopoiesis. However, no consensus has been reached on the sensitivity of hematopoietic stromal cells to irradiation.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) cycle and DNA content during the early stage of irradiation damage in mice, so as to further understand dyshematopoiesis due to radiation and provide scientific basis to avoid deleterious factors in hematopoietic environment.DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping and randomized controlled study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Central laboratory of altitude military affairs medical department and altitude research institute of preventive medicine department, a military medical university of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This study was carried out at the Experimental Animal Center of Third Military Medical University between October 2002 and April 2003. A total of 60 healthy male Kunming mice were randomly divided into irradiation damage group and healthy control group, each having 30 mice.METHODS: The 30 mice in irradiation damage group were exposed to 60Co-γ of irradiation at a dose rate of 1.27 Gy/minutes within a distance of 4 m. Then the mice' marrow cells were harvested at day 3 and day 7 after irradiation, and were cultured in vitro for 14 days and 21 days for observation. Meanwhile the other 30 healthy mice unexposed to irradiation were considered as normal controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Post-radiation number of MSCs colonies,cell cycle and DNA content.RESULTS: Although MSCs could grow and be adhered to walls after being exposed to irradiation of 5.0 Gy/s, the number of MSCs colonies was found significantly decreased compared to that of rnormal control group( P < 0.01 ).The colony number of the MSCs irradiated for 7 days obviously increased than that of MSCs irradiated for 3 days; however, MSCs recovered slowly and resulted in prolonged culture time, indicating the inhibited proliferation of MSCs due to irradiation damage. Results of flow cytometry showed that cells in G2+ M phase(2.60±0.41, 4.20±1.27) and DNA content (58.40±0.79,61.17 ± 1.35) in irradiation groups after 3-day and 7-day irradiation were obviously lower than those of normal control group(12.60 ±0. 75, 78.57±0. 83)(P <0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION: MSCs have relatively high sensitivity to irradiation damage and longer persisting period.

Objective:To investigate the relation of antiradiation effect of LJP and lymphocyte apoptosis. Methods:36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=6): control, model,and LJP given i.g.at 4 doses(100,200,300,400 mg/ kg bw) for 10d before whole-body irradiation with 9.0 Gy Co?-ray. 18h later,the effects of LJP on the indices of immune function of the irradiated rats 60 were measured. TUNEL and flow cytometry were used to study the effects of LJP on splenic lymphocyte apoptosis and immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and the Bax protein. Results:LJP significantly modulated immune function in irradiated rats. The apoptosis ratio of splenic lymphocyte of the model group was higher than those of other groups. LJP could markedly inhibit the effects of irradiation on apoptosis and increase the ratio of bcl-2/bax protein in dose-effect manner. Conclusion:LJP could inhibit splenic lymphocyte apoptosis induced by irradiation, and its mechanism is associated with regulating the expression of bcl-2 and bax protein of splenic lymphocyte. Key word:laminaria japonica polysaccharides; irradiation; lymphocyte; apoptosis apoptosis-related genes

Object To determine the amount of cichoric acid in Enchinacea purpurea and its preparation. Methods By the use of HPLC, mobile phase: 400 mmol/L ammonium acetate methanol (95∶ 5), flow rate: 1 mL/min, detection wavelength: 330 nm. Results The mean recovery of cichoric acid was 99 41%, RSD=3 23% (n=5). Conclusion The method can be applied in the determination of cichoric acid in E. purpurea extract and its preparation with satisfactory results.

Objective To investigate the adsorptive capacity of cross-linked agar entrapping attapulgite clay (CAA) capsule, a novel adsorbent for hemoperfusion. Methods We selected some drugs such as phenothiazines, methylene blue, and diazepam as the model components to test the adsorptive capacity of CAA in human blood in vitro by means of static stirred absorption experiment and repeated hemoperfusion. Results CAA was of strong adsorption for phenothiazines and methylene blue but of little effect on diazepam. The corresponding adsorptive mechanisms were also discussed here. Conclusion CAA could be used as a highly effective adsorbent for the cation drugs in human blood.