With the development of our understanding of the physiology,pathophysiology and pharmacology of pain,preemptive analgesia has been widely introduced into clinical treatment.This review focuses on the mechanism and application of preemptive analgesia in acute pain therapy.

Objective To compare the cellular immune function during postoperative analgesia with dezocine and fentanyl in the patients with gynecologic malignant tumors.Methods Fifty patients scheduled for elective surgery for gynecologic malignant tumors, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ , were equally and randomly divided into either dezocine group (group D) or fentanyl group (group F) using a random number table.Total intravenous anesthesia was used for all the patients, and the intraoperatively administered anesthetics was the same.The patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) was used for postoperative analgesia.PCIA solution contained dezocine 0.8 mg/kg and tropisetron 6 mg in 100 ml of normal saline in group D.PCIA solution contained fentanyl 0.01 mg/kg and tropisetron 6 mg in 100 ml of normal saline in group F.The PCA pump was set up to deliver a 1 ml bolus dose with a 15-min lockout interval and background infusion at 2 ml/h after a loading dose of 2 ml in the two groups.Tramadol 100 mg was given intravenously as rescue analgesic to maintain visual analogue scale score ≤ 4.Before surgery (T0), at the end of surgery, and at 24 and 48 h after surgery (T2,3) , venous blood samples were collected for detection of T lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+ , CD8+ and natural killer (NK) cell levels (by flow cytometry).CD4+/CD8+ ratio was calculated.The requirement for rescue analgesics and occurrence of adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, hypotension and respiratory expression were recorded after surgery.Results No patients required tramadol as rescue analgesic in either group.Compared with the value at T0, the levels of CD3+ , CD4+ and NK cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly decreased at T1,2, and the CD8+level was increased at T1 in group D, and the levels of CD3+ cells at T1,2, CD4+ cells at T1 and NK cells at T1-3 were decreased (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in CD8+ cell level and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in group F (P＞0.05).Compared with group F, the levels of CD3+ and NK cell were significantly increased at T3 (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in the incidence of adverse reactions after surgery in group D (P＞0.05).Conclusion The inhibitory degree of the cellular immune function is reduced when postoperative analgesia is performed with dezocine as compared with that when fentanyl is used in the patients with gynecologic malignant tumors.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of dexmedetomidine combined with flurbipro-fen axetil preventing agitation and reducing extubation reaction after general anesthesia. Methods Eighty patients,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for selective oral and maxillofacial surgery were randomly divided into four groups,20 patients in each group.30 mins before end of the operation, patients intravenously received flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg (group F),dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg (group D),dexmedetomidine 0.25 μg/kg plus flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg (group DF),normal saline (group C),respectively.MAP,HR were recorded before extubation (T0 ),extubation (T1 ),5 mins after extubation (T2 ).The recovery time,extubation time,Riker sedation-agitation score(RSAS)be-fore extubation and Ramsay sedation score 5 min after extubation were observed.Results Compared with T0 ,MAP,HR at T1 ,T2 in group C and group F were significantly increased (P <0.05 or P <0.01),MAP,HR at T1 ,T2 in group D and group DF were significantly lower than those in group C (P <0.01 ).The recovery time,extubation time in group D were significantly longer than those in group C,group F and group DF(P <0.05).Ramsay scores in group D was significantly higher than other groups(P <0.05).The incidence of agitation in group D and group DF were significantly lower than those in group C(P <0.05 or P <0.01).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 0.25 μg/kg plus flurbi-profen axetil 50 mg can effectively prevent agitation and reduce extubation cardiovascular reaction dur-ing recovery period,without the disadvantage of prolonging the recovery and extubation time.

Aim To study the effects of ferulic acid (FA) on E-selectin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) activated by lipopolysaccharide and leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Methods The effects of FA on E-selectin and E-selectin mRNA expression were determined by flow cytometry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The effect of FA on HL60-HUVEC adhesion was evaluated with the method of staining the cells by Rose Bengal. Results The expression of tively). Conclusion FA can inhibit the expression of E-selectin and E-selectin mRNA and HL60-HUVEC adhesion. This may contribute to its protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury.

OBJECTIVE To strengthen the hospital infection control to realize the potency feeling among malignant tumor patients under the conduct of psychological nurses and other medical staff.METHODS The related hospital infection control system and the psychological countermeasure of nursing were formulated,we used two groups of comparisons methods around implements,counting and analyzing the effect of the hospital infection control among malignant tumor patients.RESULTS The psychologically healthy instruction enabled the patient positively to coordinate the treatment,the ratio of hospital infection from the original 21.33% dropped to 15.41%,and make the certain dynamic function to the self-realization of the patients' potency feeling.CONCLUSIONS The hospital infection control is an essential and important link to the nursing of the malignant tumor patients;the psychologically healthy instruction is an effective way to promote the self-realization of patients potency feelings.

Objective To explore therapeutic effect of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor on type 2 diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods 120 patients suffering type 2 diabetes mellitus with nonal-coholic fatty liver disease from October 2014 to March 2016 in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups:treatment group and control group. Both groups were given type 2 diabetes conventional treatment ,and the treat-ment group was given dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor in addition. Height,weight,waist circumference,hip cir-cumference were measured. Lipid metabolism and,function index,FPG,2 h PG,HbA1c,Ins,C peptide were detected. HOMA-IR was calculated. Results The total effective rate of clinical treatment of fatty liver in the treat-ment group(88.3%)was higher than the control group(78.3%). The difference was statistically significant. FPG , 2hPG,HbA1c,HOMA-IR,LDL-C,TC,TG,AST,ALT andγ-GT in the treatment group were lower than the con-trol group. The difference was also statistically significant. Conclusion The efficacy of sitagliptin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with nonalcoholic fatty liver was significant. It can also significantly reduce blood glucose and in-sulin resistance. Furthermore ,it has a better effect on the patients with blood glucose control and lipid metabolism regulation.

Tetrazanbigen (TNBG) is a novel synthetic antitumor drug with significant antitumor effects on common solid tumors in vitro and in vivo. It may lead to death of cancer cells through a tumor-associated lipoidosis mechanism, and result in lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation at the cytoplasm. In this study, the effects of TNBG on protein expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line QGY-7701 were studied for elucidating its antitumor mechanism. The proteins extracted from TNBG-treated human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line QGY-7701 were analyzed and compared with control cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The differential proteins were identified by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass (MALDI-TOF-MS) spectrometry. Two proteins of interest, the levels of which were significantly increased in TNBG-treated cells, were further characterized by Western blot analysis. The results showed a total of 846+/-23 spots in control cells and 853+/-30 spots in TNBG-treated cells. Twenty-six up-regulated or down-regulated proteins were found by analyzing differential proteomic 2-DE map. Eleven of them were identified by mass spectrometry. They were protein disulfide-isomerase precursor, 94 kD glucose-regulated protein, heat shock protein (HSP) 90-alpha, ATP-citrate lyase, HMG-CoA reductase, glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, very-long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, squalene synthetase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, and peroxiredoxin-1. These up-regulated or down-regulated proteins are mostly related to lipid metabolism. The TNBG antitumor mechanism is probably to influence tumor lipid metabolism, resulting in accumulation of LDs in tumor cells.
Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology ; Azo Compounds/*pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gonanes/*pharmacology ; Liver Neoplasms/*pathology ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Proteome

0.05),but there was significant difference between group A and group C,the rate of hypoglycemia of group A was less than group C(P

ld have an improved outcome after reasonable treatments. The gene mutation detection suggests that 609G>A (W203X) may be the hot spot mutation of MMACHC gene in Chinese patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibition effects of Tianshen Yizhi Recipe (TSYZR), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on decreased expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the neurotoxicity as well as lipid peroxidation induced by beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. METHODS: The SH-SY5Y cells were treated by a certain concentration of TSYZR, and then exposed to Abeta(25-35). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium reduction assay was carried out to understand the influences of the drugs on cellular viability. Expressions of nAChR subunits (alpha3 and alpha7) at protein and mRNA levels were detected by Western-blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Lipid peroxidation was measured by thiobarbituric acid to observe the capacity of antioxidant of the drugs. RESULTS: TSYZR at a safe concentration could increase alpha7 protein in the cells, inhibit decreased expressions of alpha3 and alpha7 nAChR subunit proteins, prevent lower expression of alpha7 mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells induced by Abeta, reduce the neurotoxicity and lipid peroxidation resulting from Abeta, but had no significant effect on the lower expression of alpha3 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: TSYZR can up-regulate the expression of alpha7 nAChR subunit protein and prevent decreased expressions of nAChRs and neurotoxicity as well as lipid peroxidation induced by Abeta. This drug may play an important therapeutic role in treatment of Alzheimer disease.