Objective:To study the susceptible factors,clinical feature and treatment of nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection in respiratory patients.Methods:The clinical files of 86 patients with nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection admitted from Jan 2001 to Jun 2004 in Department of Pulmonary Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were reviewed.Results:incidence of nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection was 1.7%.COPD was the main predisposing disease,and Candidiasis was the most.The frequent susceptible factors associated with nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection included long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics,long-term use of adrenocortical steroid,hypoalbuminemia,mechanical ventilation,and diabetes mellitus.Clinical feature was non-specific.Fluconazole had better clinical effects on treatment.Conclusion:Nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection is an important cause of the secondary infection in respiratory disease.The clinical feature is non-specific.Clinicians should pay close attention to it.

Objective:To study the Pathological changes in lungs of rats infected with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after treatment with bilodalide(BL). Methods:PCP rat models were established of hypodermic injection of dexamethasone twice a week for 6 weeks. The PCP rats were treated with BL 30mg/(kg.d)?8days and killed to obtain lungs. Pathological changes in lung tissues were observed under light and electron microscope .Infected and normal rats were established as controls. Results: The number of Pc cysts was markedly reduced in the lung print smear and inflammation in the lung was lightened. The investigation of thinner lung tissue section by transmission electronic microscope showed that the Pneumocystis carinii treated with bilobalide had formation of vacuoles in trophozoites,swelling and destroying of cell organ, rupture of cytomembrane and some high density electronic granulae were investigated in the cytoplasm. Membrane of cyst was destroyed too. Conclusion:Bilodalide can kill Pc and alleviate inflammation in the lung tissues of PCP rats.

objective: To evaluate the effect of high agglomerative staphylococoin(HAS) in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion.Methods: Fifty six lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion were randomly divided into two groups.Group Ⅰ were treated with HAS,Group Ⅱ were treated with cisplatin.Results: According to the reduction of the volume of effusion,the effective rates in GroupⅠ and Ⅱ were 82.1% and 42.9% respectively.The karnofsky score was increased.Conclusion: Therapy of HAS can effectively control the malignant pleural effusion and improve the life quality of the lung cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection(PFI) in COPD patients.Methods The data of 44 cases of nosocomial PFI were analyzed from Jan 2000 to Jun 2003 in Department of Pulmonary Medicine,the First Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.44 cases of COPD patients were randomized as control.Results According to univariate analysis ,the risk factors associated with nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection include those of long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics,long-term use of adrenocortical steroid,diabetes mellitus,type Ⅱ respiratory failure,mechanical ventilation and hypoalbuminemia.But according to multivariate logistic regression analysis long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics,hypoalbuminemia,mechanical ventilation diabetes mellitus were risk factors.Conclusion Long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics,hypoalbuminemia,mechanical ventilation and diabetes mellitus are independent risk factors for nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection in COPD patients.

BACKGROUND:Carrier material provides an essential part of microenvironment for seed cell culture. There are some investigations analyzing the long-term in vitro culture of cartilaginous cell in calcium alginate gel matrix.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the activity, morphology and microstructure of cultured in vitro bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) immobilized in calcium alginate beads.DESIGN: Single sample studySETTING: It was conducted at the Orthopaedic Institute of Zhengzhou University and Orthopaedic Laboratory of Shanghai Second Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at the Orthopaedic Laboratory of Shanghai Second Medical University from September 2001 to March 2002. Eight New Zealand white rabbits, with an age ranging from 4 to 6weeks, were used for collecting BMSCs.METHODS: Eight rabbit were anaesthetized and 1.0-2.0 mL bone marrow was aspirated from the humerus of femur using a 16-gange biopsy needle pretreated with heparin for primary and passage culture of BMSCs.Sodium alginate solution was prepared. The sodium alginate-BMSCs composite formed calcium alginate beads, with a cell density of 1×109 L-1 and tology characteristics of BMSCs were examined using toluidine blue staintron microscope (TEM).scope, many aggregate cells with round shape, in all sizes, occasionally characteristics of BMSCs: Cells and matrix materials were well-mixed, with no materials stained. The cells were equably stained, in all sizes, with large nuclei and little plasma, and occasionally having two or more nuclei and cell division. These cells had an intact structure, well-defined border, and tures of BMSCs: The cells had normal structures, with no mitochondrion swelled and no degranulation in ribosomes. They had a continuous nuclear membrane, with babyhood morphology, round shapes,oval shapes or irregular shapes, and occasionally having two nuclei.CONCLUSION: BMSCs-calcium alginate beads exhibit advantages including a good hydrophilicity, easiness for nutritive matter to penetrate and proliferating actively. It is feasible to amplify BMSCs through in vitro cullage repair by tissue engineering (TE) method.

BACKGROUND: Seed cells and supporting materials are two key problems for cartilaginous tissue engineering. Enough functional cells in supporting materials is the foundation in the formation of bone and cartilaginous tissue in vivo.OBJECTIVE:To perform a morphological study on the tissue engineered bone and cartilage constructed with calcium alginate, in vitro cultured bone marrow stem cells(BMSCs) and growth factors.DESIGN:Morphological comparative study with the results observed for 12 weeksSETTING:Orthopaedic Institute of Zhengzhou University and Orthopedic Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Medical University.MATERIALS:This experiment was completed from September 2001 to June 2002 in the Orthopedic Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Medical University. Nine New Zealand male rabbits at the age of 3 months were selected, their mean body mass was 3.2 kg.METHODS: Rabbits received dorsal subcutaneous injection of five kinds of the following combinations at two points for each combination and in the Ⅰ+TGF-β. Totally ten points were marked. Three rabbits were put to death at the 4th, 8th, 12th weeks after injection respectively and dorsal subcutaneous hyperplasia tissues were collected for observation by using hematoxylin and eosin (HE), toluidine blue, Masson, tomato red-O staining techniques.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histological observation of dorsal subcutaneous hyperplasia tissues.RESULTS: At the fourth week, cartilaginous like tissues island could be observed in calcium alginate+ BMSCs + IGF-Ⅰ group, calcium alginate+BMSCs +TGF-β group and calcium alginate + BMSCs + IGF-Ⅰ +TGF-βgroup, with chondrocblasts surrounded by alkaline matrix; A great deal of cartilaginous-like tissue appeared at the eighth week with part of it transforming into bone, and cells secrete much matrix, part of the chondroblast clustered. At the 12th week, approximately all of the cartilaginous tissues turned into bone in calcium alginate+ BMSCs + IGF- Ⅰ +TGF-β group, and began to absorb.CONCLUSION: The compound composed of calcium alginate, BMSCs and growth factor might form bone and cartilaginous tissue. Calcium alginate is suitable for the growth of BMSCs and is believed to be an optimal bone and cartilaginous engineering carrier.

BACKGROUNDTo evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine and carboplatin (GC) versus paclitaxel and carboplatin (TC) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSA total of 64 patients with advanced NSCLC diagnosed by pathology were randomly divided into two groups. Gemcitabine and carboplatin were administrated to the patients in GC group (n=30), and paclitaxel and carboplatin in the TC group (n=34), 28 days as a cycle. All patients received at least two cycles.

RESULTSThe overall response rate was 53.3% in the GC group and 58.8% in the TC group (P > 0.05). The main toxicities were well tolerated and consisted of leukopenia, nausea, vomiting and peripheral neuritis, which occurred more frequently in the TC group than in the GC group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBoth of the two regimens of gemcitabine plus carboplatin and paclitaxel plus carboplatin are feasible, well tolerated and effective in the treatment of NSCLC, and the former may be safer than the latter.

Objective To isolate bacteriophages against extensively-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from hospital sewage and analyze their biological characteristics.Methods Extensively-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from several hospitals in Shanghai during December, 2013 to July, 2014 were used as host bacteria, adopting double-layer agar method to isolate bacteriophages from raw sewage of these hospitals.The phage with broad host range was selected for further study, including observation of electron microscopic morphology, examination of thermal stability, pH stability and the optimal MOI, drawing of the adsorption, one-step-growth and infection curves, as well as sequencing of the phage genome DNA. Results An extensively-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteriophage vB_AbaP_PD-AB9 ( PD-AB9 for short) with broad host range was isolated, and electron microscopy revealed it belonged to Podoviridae family.The optimal MOI of PD-AB9 was 0.001.PD-AB9 remained stable among 4 ℃to 50 ℃and pH 4 to 11.In the adsorption experiment, the adsorption rate of PD-AB9 reached above 95%within 5 min.PD-AB9 had a latent period of 4 min and a burst size of 213.PD-AB9 could obviously restrain the host growth, with faster effect at the higher MOIs (MOI=1, 0.1, 0.01) than at the lower ones (MOI=0.001, 0.000 1).Furthermore, genome of PD-AB9 proved to be a double-stranded linear DNA with size of 40 938 bp and GC content of 39.34%.Conclusions PD-AB9 exhibits good thermal stability, wide pH tolerance range, very fast adsorption, a short latent period, a large burst size and it could quickly cause effective host lysis after infection.Therefore, PD-AB9 is promised to act as a new antimicrobial agent to control drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections and its bio information remains to be further studied.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture postconditioning on the expression of microRNA-1 (miRNA-1) in rats with arrhythmias induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods:Twenty-four clean-grade healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 280-320 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), I/R group and electroacupuncture postconditioning group (EP group). The model of myocardial reperfusion arrhythmia was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 30-min reperfusion in anesthetized rats.The artery was only isolated without ligation after thoracotomy in group S. Bilateral Neiguan acupoints were stimulated for 30 min starting from the time point immediately after reperfusion in EP group.The occurrence of arrhythmia during reperfusion was recorded.The rats were sacrificed at 30 min of reperfusion, and hearts were removed for examination of the pathological changes of the myocardium and for determination of miRNA-1 expression (by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and expression of Kir2.1 and connexin 43 (Cx43) (by Western blot). Results:Compared with S group, the incidence of arrhythmia was significantly increased, the expression of miRNA-1 was up-regulated, and the expression of Kir2.1 and Cx43 was down-regulated in I/R and EP groups ( P<0.05). Compared with I/R group, the incidence of arrhythmia was significantly decreased, the expression of miRNA-1 was down-regulated, and the expression of Kir2.1 and Cx43 was up-regulated in EP group ( P<0.05). The pathological changes of myocardium were accentuated in I/R and EP groups when compared with S group, and the pathological changes were significantly attenuated in EP group when compared with I/R group. Conclusion:The mechanism by which electroacupuncture postconditioning reduces the occurrence of reperfusion arrhythmia is related to up-regulation of Kir2.1 and Cx43 expression after down-regulation of miRNA-1 expression in rats.

Chongqing Medical University established respiratory system course group and implemented "organ-systems-based curriculum" (OSBC) integration teaching reform.OSBC teaching of respiratory system broke the traditional disciplinary-centred teaching pattern,adopted the disease-centred and clinicaloriented teaching curriculum.The course group carried on the comprehensive reorganization to the curriculum contents and the teaching personnel,compiled integrated teaching materials,optimized teaching methods and evaluation system.OSBC teaching of respiratory system has so far made some achievements,but the integration of different disciplines,the teaching ability of teachers and the students' coordination with OSBC courses still need to be further improved.