Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by multifactors.The incidence of type 2 diabetes is gradually increased.Its prevention and treatment are paid more and more attention.Intestinal flora is one of the hot spots in recent years.A large number of studies have shown that intestinal flora is closely related to the occurrence and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Intestinal flora is expected to be a new direction for the improvement and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.In this paper,the relationship between type 2 diabetes and intestinal microflora in recent years,pathogenesis and treatment were summarized.

Objective To study the clinicopathologic characteristics and the prognostic factors of gastric stump cancer (GSC). Methods A total of forty-seven patients with GSC from Jan 2000 to Dec 2006 were enrolled in this study for retrospective analysis. Initial surgery was performed for gastric benign disease in 39 patients and for malignant disease in 8 patients, which were divided into 2 groups for analysis. The prognosis of all 47 patients were analyzed. Results The mean interval between previous gastrectomy and diagnosis of GSC was 24.4 years. Tumor developed mostly in the patients with Billroth- Ⅱ reconstruction, and male more than female. Tumor located at anastomotic site mostly, at stump stomach and cardia secondly. The mean interval for patients who had undergone their first gastrectomy for malignant disease was shorter than that with benign disease(P＜0.05). Histology, therapy and prognosis showed no significant differences between two groups (P＞0.05). Disease TNM stage and total radical gastrectomy were shown to be significant predictor for the outcome of patients with GSC (P ＜0.01). Conclusion Now the GSC patients with initial surgery performed for malignant disease are increased, which are no siginificant different to patients with benign disease. Early diagnosis and an aggressive surgical approach are crucial to achieve better outcomes for patients with GSC.

In medical education,the application of discussion of teaching reform can enhance medical students'interest in learning,stimulate their innovative thinking,develop their clinical thinking and critical thinking.improve their psychological quality and language skills and improve knowledge and comprehensive quality of teachers as well.

Objective To evaluate the role of breast MRI in detecting the primary malignancy in patients presenting solely with axillary lymph node metastases. Methods Thirty-three patients with axillary lynph node metastases but negative findings on either physical examination or mammography underwent breast MRI to identify occult breast carcinoma. MRI of the breast was assessed according to BI-RADS criteria. The pathologic diagnosis was made according to the standard criteria by the WHO Classification of Tumor. Results Among 33 patients presenting solely with axillary metastases, 30 patients underwent modified radical mastectomy. Primary breast carcinoma was proven in 17 patients. MRI detected lesions in 16 patients, including 10 masses and 6 non-mass lesions. Size of the masses ranged from 0. 5 to 2. 6 cm (mean 1.5 cm). Six lesions were smaller than 1.5 cm in size. Non-mass lesions showed ductal enhancement in 4 cases and segmental enhancement in 2 cases. One patient with tumor detected by histopathology showed no abnormal enhancement on MRI. No tumor was found at mastectomy in the other 13 womeu, and negative MR findings were revealed in 9. Four cases with suspicious enhancement on MRI had no corresponding primary foci on pathology. Three patients didn't undergo surgical procedure. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis of the primary malignancy were 94. 1%,69. 2%, and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusions Small size of mass and ductal or segmental enhancement of non-mass lesion were common MR features of occult malignancy. MRI showed high sensitivity and accuracy in diagnosing occult breast carcinoma. Breast MRI should be taken in search of occult malignancy in patients with axillary metastases.

Wearable technology, widely applied in health and medical field, has become an important part of in-telligent healthcare and medicare. However, the data security and privacy protection of wearable health and medi-cal devices are greatly concerned and need to be solved. The characteristics of data security and privacy protection of wearable health and medical devices were thus analyzed and compared with those of traditional health and medi-cal devices. The related studies and laws on domestic and foreign wearable health and medical devices were summa-rized, and the advances, experiences and problems in domestic and foreign wearable health and medical devices were analyzed and compared in order to provide reference for establishing the mechanisms underlying their data se-curity and privacy protection.

Objective To identify the characteristics oral fungus in HIV-infected patients with HAART in Kunming.Methods Oral mucosal swab samples were collected from 99 patients with HIV infection with or without HAART.The fungi were isolated and cultured,and were identified by using API 20 C AUX yeast identification system.Results The positive rate of oral Candida in was significantly higher in HIV-infected patients without HAART (53.3％) than those with HAART (20.4％) (x2=11.669,P＜0.01).In 41 strains of isolated candida,C.albicans was the most prevalent (78.0％),followed by C parapsilosis (9.8％),C.glabrata (9.8％) and C tropicalis (2.4％).Conclusions HAART can decrease the positive rate of oral Candida in patients with HIV infection,but has little effect on asymptomatic HIV carrier.

There have been many reports of clinical and experimental researches of microacupuncture therapy, the relevant systematic works, teaching materials and national standards in recent decades. It shows that microacupuncture system has been formed and its influence has been promoted. While the rapid development of microacupuncture therapy, there are the problems and contradictions on nomenclature, explanation of theoretical basis, optimal indications, and multiple systems and schools, etc. All the above have blocked the clinical application and development. It is considered that we need to unify the nomenclature, condense the theoretical basis, clear the optimal indications, promote the exchange and blend among different schools and sum up the outcomes by systematic review and data mining technique.
Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; Humans ; Needles

Objective To analyze Blimp1 expression difference in the latent and active of tuberculosis patients and the healthy , and assess possibility of as the new tuberculosis diagnostics molecules .Methods 60 patients with active TB (active tuberculosis group) ,50 participants with latent(latent tuberculosis group) ,and 50 healthy people(control group) were enrolled separately .Using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to determin Blimp 1 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells .Results Blimp1 mRNA expression level of the active tuberculosis group was 15 .35 times than the control group ,and 2 .21 times than the latent tuberculosis group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Blimp1 gene proba-bly plays a role in the immune response to tuberculosis .it provides new ideas for the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis and new clues for further exploring the pathogenesis mechanism of tuberculosis .

Objective To evaluate surgical management of pancreatic duct stones.Methods From 1997 to 2007, 24 cases of pancreatic duct stones underwent surgical treatment, the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results In this study, 17 cases underwent lithotomy by longitudinal pancreatic duct incision, Roux-en-Y anastomosis(side-to-side) of pancreatic duct to jejunum, extra drainageof the main pancreatic duct was done in two cases, hepaticojejunostomy in three cases, pancreaticcystojejunostomy in one case. One case suffered from postoperative bleeding at pancreatic ojejunostomy, one from stress ulcer, and both were cured by conservative treatment. Three cases underwent pancreaticeduodenectomy, anastomosis bleeding occurred in one patient, and was cured by conservative method. One case underwent duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas, 2 cases underwent distal pancreatectomy, one case underwent lithotomy by pancreatic duct incision and primary closure, no postoperative complications occurred among those patients. 21 cases were followed up, results were excellentin 17 patients. Conclusions Lithotomy by longitudinal pancreatic duct incision, Roux-en-Y anastomosisof pancreatic duct to jejunum is the main and effective surgical procedure, while duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection and lithotomy by pancreatic duct incision and primary closure are also rational for the treatment of pancreatic duct stones.

Objective To understand the changes of schistosomiasis epidemic situation,so as to provide the evidence for for?mulating schistosomiasis control strategy in the Hexi reservoir area. Methods From 2012 to 2015,Xinyuan Village,Meishan Town in the north entrance of Hexi reservoir was selected as a monitoring site. According to the requirements of the monitoring program of schistosomiasis surveillance in Zhejiang Province,the Schistosoma japonicum infection was investigated by using the serological screening(IHA),and the basic situation of the surveillance site was also investigated. Results From 2012 to 2015,167 environments(21.68 hm2)were surveyed,and 2 slices(0.1 hm2)were found with Oncomelania hupensis snails. The detection rate of frames with snails was 0.12%,and the living snail density was 0.0192 snails per 0.1 m2. Totally 374 snails were dissected and no schistosome infected snails were found. A total of 970 local residents and 8 748 mobile people were investigated with the serological tests,and no schistosome infected people were found. In addition,3 085 cattle were investigated and no in?fected ones were found. Conclusion The schistosomiasis epidemic situation is stable in the Hexi reservoir area,but we still should strengthen the monitoring of imported source of infection and snail status,and increase the efforts of environmental trans?formation.