Objective To investigate the distribution of blood lipid of elderly population in high fluorideareas,and compare blood lipid levels in the same age in China.Methods The study used 541 elderly people over 70 years of age who lived in Xiaotangshan for more than 10 years up to 2017.Fasting blood (3 ml) samples were taken,and their cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL)were detected,respectively.The results were analyzed and compared with the blood lipid levels of adults over 70 years old in 2010.Results In this study,a total of 541 elderly people over 70 years old,with age of (74.98 ± 4.67)years,were surveyed.There were 246 males,with age of (75.13 ± 4.69) years and 295 females,with age of (74.86 ±4.66) years.The blood TC,TG,HDL and LDL were (4.87 ± 1.07),(1.53 ± 0.93),(1.33 ± 0.31) and (2.60 ± 0.73)mmol/L for the aged people over 70 years old,respectively.The 4 indexes of women over 70 years old were (4.99 ±1.09),(1.67± 1.00),(1.36 ± 0.31) and (2.67 ± 0.75) mmol/L,respectively.Four indicators of women over the age of 70 were higher than those of men [(4.71 ± 1.01),(1.36 ± 0.81),(1.30 ± 0.31),(2.53 ± 0.70) mmol/L,t =3.18,3.95,2.21,2.23,P ＜ 0.05].The levels of blood TC,TG,HDL and LDL were (4.30 ± 1.06),(1.33 ± 1.03),(1.15 ± 0.33)and (2.42 ± 0.78) mmol/L,respectively,in the aged people over 70 years old in the rural areas of China in 2010,and their blood lipid levels were lower than those of people lived in Xiaotangshan area.The differences were statistically significant (t =12.34,5.04,13.80,5.96,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion We should take health education activities because of the high serum lipid level in high fluoride areas of Xiaotangshan area.