Objective To investigate the distribution of blood lipid of elderly population in high fluorideareas,and compare blood lipid levels in the same age in China.Methods The study used 541 elderly people over 70 years of age who lived in Xiaotangshan for more than 10 years up to 2017.Fasting blood (3 ml) samples were taken,and their cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL)were detected,respectively.The results were analyzed and compared with the blood lipid levels of adults over 70 years old in 2010.Results In this study,a total of 541 elderly people over 70 years old,with age of (74.98 ± 4.67)years,were surveyed.There were 246 males,with age of (75.13 ± 4.69) years and 295 females,with age of (74.86 ±4.66) years.The blood TC,TG,HDL and LDL were (4.87 ± 1.07),(1.53 ± 0.93),(1.33 ± 0.31) and (2.60 ± 0.73)mmol/L for the aged people over 70 years old,respectively.The 4 indexes of women over 70 years old were (4.99 ±1.09),(1.67± 1.00),(1.36 ± 0.31) and (2.67 ± 0.75) mmol/L,respectively.Four indicators of women over the age of 70 were higher than those of men [(4.71 ± 1.01),(1.36 ± 0.81),(1.30 ± 0.31),(2.53 ± 0.70) mmol/L,t =3.18,3.95,2.21,2.23,P ＜ 0.05].The levels of blood TC,TG,HDL and LDL were (4.30 ± 1.06),(1.33 ± 1.03),(1.15 ± 0.33)and (2.42 ± 0.78) mmol/L,respectively,in the aged people over 70 years old in the rural areas of China in 2010,and their blood lipid levels were lower than those of people lived in Xiaotangshan area.The differences were statistically significant (t =12.34,5.04,13.80,5.96,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion We should take health education activities because of the high serum lipid level in high fluoride areas of Xiaotangshan area.

Objective To understand the distribution of M protein gene (emm) of group A streptococcus (GAS) infections among children in Xicheng District of Beijing. Methods Throat swab samples from scarlet fever and pharyngeal infection cases were collected in sentinel hospitals of Xicheng District, Beijing from 2011 to 2024. GAS strains were isolated and identified, and emm gene was amplified and sequenced by PCR to determine the genotype. The differences in emm genotype between different groups were compared. Results A total of 3 130 throat swab samples were collected, and 400 GAS strains were isolated, with a positive rate of 12.78%. The highest positive rate was 19.93% in 2011. The positive rate of scarlet fever (45.71%) was higher than that of pharyngeal infection (6.14%) (P<0.001). There were 391 emm gene positive strains, and the differences in the positive rate of emm gene among different cases were statistically significant (P<0.001). A total of 7 genotypes and 27 gene subtypes were detected. Among different groups, the emm genotypes were mainly emm12 and emm1. The emm gene subtypes were mainly emm12.00 and emm1.00. Except for some years, the genotypes and their subtypes were dominated by emm12 and emm12.00, and the distribution differences of the two major genotypes and their subtypes were statistically significant from 2011 to 2019 (P<0.001). There were differences in genotypes and subtypes among different age groups (P=0.002). Conclusion The dominant types of emm genes in group A streptococcus infections among children were emm12 and emm1 in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2011 to 2024, and the dominant gene subtypes were emm12.00 and emm1.00. It is necessary to comprehensively strengthen the monitoring of the epidemic situation and genotype, timely grasp the distribution and variation of emm gene.