OBJECTIVE: Measure the space direction of semicircular canals to provide the anatomical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of BPPV. METHOD: We calculated angles among semicircular canals of 24 patients using MRI scaning with 3D-CISS sequence. RESULT: The angle between the left and right posterior semicircular canals was 106.61 degress ± 8.58 degrees, so the angle among the posterior semicircular canals and sagittal head plane was 53.31 degrees ± 4.29 degrees. Pairs of contralateral synergistic canal planes were not parallel, forming 171.67 degrees ± 4.36 degrees between the left and right horizontal semicircular canal planes, 154.37 degrees ± 10.87 degrees between the left posterior and right anterior semicircular canal planes and 156.84 degrees ± 9.34 degrees between the right posterior and left anterior semicircular canal planes. CONCLUSION Our measurement of the angles among semicircular canals coincided with those of previous reports. The angles between contralateral synergistic canal planes were close to parallel, but the angle between the posterior semicircular canals and sagittal head plane was great than 45 degrees that traditionally thought to be.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Semicircular Canals ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for the clinical application and further research and development of Shenling baizhu powder. METHODS Using the methods of textual research and bibliometrics， the key information such as the composition， dose， processing and usage of Shenling baizhu powder in ancient and modern literature were systematically summarized and sorted out， and the number of publications， keywords， and other contents of modern literature were visually analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Shenling baizhu powder was first collected in Taiping Huimin Hejiju Fang （abbreviated “Jufang”）， the composition of core drugs and most widely used dose ratio in previous generations were the same as those in Jufang， basically focusing on powder making and being taken after mixed with liquid； the dosage was concentrated on 2-3 qian； the function and application of it had been expanded to a certain extent compared with Jufang； its clinical application had gradually extended from internal medicine to surgery， gynecology， pediatrics， ophthalmology， dermatology， etc.， covering all aspects of the disease caused by spleen deficiency in general； the composition mechanism revolved around “strengthening the spleen， replenishing qi and removing dampness”； the recommended prescription drugs were all selected from the corresponding varieties in the pharmacopoeia. Modern research mainly focuses on clinical practice， with traditional Chinese medicine or traditional Chinese and Western medicine combined with this formula as the main modified treatment for various intestinal diseases， diarrhea diseases， and lung diseases. The efficacy and application are the frontier hot spots today， and the mechanism of action has begun to be explored. The usage in the literature and the inclusion in the pharmacopoeia are inconsistent， and further research is needed.