The dada of 987 out-patients aged 60 or over,who visited Bajiao Community Health Center of Beijing Shijingshan District from January 2006 to December 2009,were retrospectively analyzed.The results revealed that there was no gender difference in the prevalence of low vision and blindness ( χ2 =2.719,P = 0.606); the severity of low vision and blindness was correlated with the age of patients ( χ2 =138.389,P = 0.000); cataract was the main cause of low vision and blindness,accounting for 49.6%(62/125) of low vision and 64.3% (36/56) of blindness.

BACKGROUND:Biliary tract stents comprise two types:expanding metallic stents and plastic stents,the patency time of the former is shorter than the latter,but the cost is higher.Thus,it is dispute which kinds of stent should be selected.Accordingly,it becomes a research topic how to improve patency rate and prolong patency time using cheap stents.OBJECTIVE:To explain the progress of biliary tract stents and to explore the effects of materials and types of biliary tract stents on patency rates and patency times.METHODS:The Chinese Journal Full-text Database and Medline were retrieved by the first author using search terms of "biliary stent,metallic stent,plastic stent,occlusion and stricture" both in Chinese and English.Meta analysis or repetitive studies were excluded.After that,20 documents concerning the effects of materials and types of biliary tract stents on patency rates and patency times were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Biliary stent implantation is the preferred way for alleviative treatment of malignant obstruction of bile duct with few complications.Biliary tract stents comprise two types comprise metallic stents and plastic stents,the biocompatibility of both stents need to be improved.The metallic stents exhibited advantages in preventing bacteria,maintaining stent patency and reducing complications,but the high cost limited its application.Though plastic stents easily lead to stent occlusion due to bacteria adhesion and biliary siltation,however,it has merits of easy change and cheap cost.The combination of biliary stent implantation and radiotherapy can prolong effective patency period and prevent stent occlusion.The results demonstrated that biliary stent implantation is best methods for treating malignant obstruction of bile duct,and combined biliary stent implantation with radiotherapy can prevent stent obstruction.

Objective To study the rule of breaking Ferula fukanensis seed dormancy under low-temperature and content changes of endo-hormone.Methods The seeds were treated with stratification under 4 ℃ and germinated under 20 ℃.The content of endo-hormone,such as Z,GA_3,IAA,and ABA,was mensurated by HPLC.Results The seed germination rate achieved as high as 14% in 20 d and more than 60% in 40 d.Among breaking the seed dormancy,the content of endo-hormone was decreased gradually,while the rate of GA_3 and ABA was increased quickly in 10—20 d under 4 ℃ stratification.ConclusionThe stratification under 4 ℃ could break the seed dormancy.The rate of GA_3 and ABA is a pivotal factor of the seed dormancy.The endo-hormones IAA and Z have the significant effect on seed germination.

Objective To assess the clinical significance of SAA, IP-10 and PCT in the diagnosis of AECOPD. Methods Sixty AECOPD patients, 52 with sCOPD, and 28 healthy subjects were assigned to three groups. Clinical data and serum specimen were obtained from another 19 AECOPD patients at stable stage as AECOPD-sCOPD group. Serum levels of SAA, IP10 and PCT were quantitatively measured by ELISA. Levels of multiple serum markers were statistically compared among different groups. Results The concentration of SAA significantly differed between the AECOPD and sCOPD groups (P < 0.05), so did the concentration of IP-10 (P < 0.05); no statistical significance was found in terms of serum PCT concentration between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions As compared with the sCOPD group, levels of serum SAA and IP-10 in the AECOPD group were significantly elevated, which is helpful in the diagnosis of AECOPD with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 54.9%for SAA, and 96.1%and 75.0%for IP-10. However, PCT level failed to identify AECOPD from sCOPD.

Objective To discuss the clinical effect and safety of the unilateral C2 pedicle screw-plate(C2PSP)combined with contralateral C2 laminar screw-rod(C2LSR)for atlanto-axial joint and occipital cervical fixation.Methods 11 patients were treated by internal fixation with pedicle screw plate system combined with contralateral C2 laminar screw rod system.The cause of atlantoaxial instability was fresh type Ⅱ odontoid fracture in 5 patients,old odontoid fracture in 3 patients,occipitalization mal-formation in 2 patients,atlantoaxial instability in 2 patients.6 patients had small pedicle of the vertebral arch,2 patients had a high-riding vertebral artery(VA),2 patients had an asymmetrical VA,1 patient re-ceived a revision operation.9 patients performed C1-2 fixation,2 patients performed occipito-cervical fixa-tion.1 patient of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation also performed anterior atlantoaxial joint release before posterior Fixation.All patients performed bone grafting to achieve a further occipito-cervical fusion or at-lantoaxial fusion.Before and after the operation,the neurologic function was scored according JOA scale. The X-ray and CT-scan also performed at regular intervals to evaluate cervical alignment and the fusion. Results All cases were complete reposition without vertebral artery,spinal cord or never root injuried.All patients were followed up for 6-32 months ( mean 16 months ),clinical symptom were improved visibly. The mean postoperative JOA scores was 14.9(13-16).The postoperative JOA score improvement rate was 76%-92%,and its mean value was 83%.All patients achieved bone fusion approved by CT scan after six months of operation.The reduction maintained well and the internal fixation was well positioned.Conclu-sion It will be an effective and safe way to achieve atlantoaxial fusion by posterior unilateral C2 pedicle screwing combined with contralateral C2 laminar screwing,but this study had not including clinical com-parative study.

Objective To evaluate the clinical safety and therapeutic efficacy of Rupiling Granules in treating cyclomastopathy (classified into deficiency of liver and kidney,disharmony of thoroughfare and Ren channels or complicated with syndrome of qi stagnation,blood stasis,or phlegm blended with blood stasis). Methods A randomized,double-blinded,positive drug controlled parallel polycentric trial was carried out. Results Rupiling Granules showed good therapeutic effect on reducing lump in breast,relieving pain of breast,improving TCM symptoms scoring. Conclusion Rupiling Granules is safe and effective for the treatment of cyclomastopathy (deficiency of liver and kidney ,disharmony of thoroughfare and Ren channels or complicated with syndrome of qi stagnation,blood stasis,or phlegm blended with blood stasis)

Calmodulin(CaM),as major intracellular Ca 2+ signal transductor,is a ubiquitous, multifunctional protein in eukaryotic cells,invovled in a wide variety of cellular processes . Study of the structure and molecular recognition mechanism of CaM helps better understanding intracellular Ca 2+ signaling system and molecular recognition of protein-protein interaction,giving new insight into medicine development and clinical therapy. This paper reviews progress in the studies of molecular recognition of calmodulin in recent past years.

Two peaks were present in the NRA annual curve of Panax quinquefolius. A high peak appeared in late April and a smaller peak occured in early July. It is important to apply N2 fertilizers just before the appearance of the two peaks. Experiment on the effect of different light and pH showed that higher NRA were formed at 4000 Lx and pH 4.3～6.0.

Objective To explore the immunologic composition and T cell function of rhG-CSF mobilized peripheral blood grafts(G-PB) and rhG-CSF primed bone marrow grafts(G-BM) after being mixed in different proportions.Methods T cell subgroups,dendritic cells(DC) and its subsets in G-PB and G-BM were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry.Immunologic composition of G-PB and G-BM after mixture in different proportions were calculated,lymphocyte proliferation ability and quantities of interleukin-4(IL-4),interferon-?(IFN-?) secretion by T cells in mixture grafts were determined using MTT and sandwich ELISA assays.Results After co-incubation of G-PB with G-BM in different proportions,T cell proliferation in mixture grafts was lower than that of NG-BM and G-PB(P

Objective To explore the difference of immunological characteristics between recombination human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(rhG-CSF)mobilized peripheral blood grafts(G-PB)and steady-state bone marrow grafts(SS-BM).Methods From April to October 2003,G-PB and SS-BM of 15 related donors were collected.T cell subgroups,dendritic cells(DC),monocytes and the expression of CD28 costimulatory molecules on T cells were determined by multicolor flow cytometry.The lymphocyte proliferation ability and the quantities of interleukin-4(IL-4)and interferon-?(IFN-?)secreted by T cells were determined using MTT assays and sandwich ELISA.Results The absolute numbers of monocytes,CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ T cells,and the ratios of CD4/CD8 in G-PB were significantly higher than those in SS-BM,respectively(P0.05).The quantities of IFN-? and IL-4 secreted by T cells per micromilter in G-PB was significantly higher than those in SS-BM(P0.05).The absolute numbers of DC1 and DC2 in G-PB were significantly higher than those in SS-BM(P0.05).Conclusion It is concluded that the difference of immunological characteristics between G-PB and SS-BM may explain the lower incidence of GVHD and lower relapse rate after SS-BM and G-PB transplantation.