Dendritic cells(DCs) are known as the most efficient antigen-presenting cells that are potent stimulators of both B and T cell immune responses.The biological characteristics and culture in vitro of DCs,preparation of DC vaccines,experimental and clinical studies in tumor immunotherapy by DC vaccines are reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of the interventional thrombolytic therapy in acute segmental renal infarction.Methods From December 2007 to November 2015 data of patients with acute segmental renal infarction treated in our institute were retrospectively reviewed. There were 5 male patients and 2 female patients, All patients age ranged from 45 to 76 years old ( median 70 years old), All patients had clinical symptoms,including left flank pain with vomiting in 3 patients and right flank pain with vomiting in 4 cases. 4 cases with cerebral thrombosis, atrial fibrillation and hypertension, 3 cases had hypertension and diabetes.4 cases was possible of renal artery embolism diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound, renal arteries showed no abnormality, while other 3 cases had no obvious symptoms.CT test revealed low density area wedge-shaped, coated substrate edge, but no obvious occupying lesions in the pole of the kidneys.Furthermore, enhanced scan showed uneven enhancement, delayed distortion, and the lesion density below the renal parenchyma in the pole of the kidneys.Digital subtraction angiography ( DSA) were performed and the patients were given saline 20 ml and urokinase200 000 U at 15 minutes interval through indwelling catheter injection two times, followed by normal saline 20 ml and urokinase100 000 U injection once.Subsequently, the patients were given urokinase 100 000 U through the indwelling catheters infusion every four hours.Concurrently, the patients were given 6 000 U of low molecular weight heparin sodium injection subcutaneously every 12 h, as well as expansion treatment. 24 hours after the treatment, observing the infarction area by the original DSA catheter angiography.Results All patients were successfully treated.Followed up for 3 months to 7 years, 1 patient died of cerebral infarction and hypertension after 8 months, other patients were alive without evidence of renal infarction recurrence in CT examination, and condition of patients with atrial fibrillation gradually recovered. Conclusion The diagnosis of ASRI requires enhanced CT and DSA examination due to its rare incidence and the high misdiagnosis rate in clinic.Early diagnosis and use of interventional thrombolytic therapy method is a feasible and effective treatment method.

Objective To analyze the DNA methylation status of polyploid complex of Pinellia ternata. Methods Methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism(MSAP) technique was carried out to analyze the methylation status of polyploid complex of P.ternata. Thirty-four selective primer amplifications were used to check the status of cytosine methylation DNA samples. Results A total of 7 708 bands were obtained.Among them 5 636 bands,each representing a recognition site cleaved by one or both of the isoschizomers(Hpa Ⅱ and Msp Ⅰ),were amplified.Furthermore,methylation patterns varied among the four polyploids:heptaploid,octoploid,nonuploid,and decaploid.Total and full methylation levels in P.ternata were 54%-58% and 24.1%-24.3%.All types of MSAP patterns detected in the study belonged to two classes,type Ⅰ and Ⅱ. 52.5% of detected bands belonged to Type Ⅰ; Another 47.5% were type Ⅱ,which showed the methylation differences among the four polyploids. Conclusion The results demonstrate DNA methylation events occur in P.ternata and the general methylation levels are higher.

Objective To explore the clinical outcomes and complications of the Ilizarov technique for the treatment of femoral infec-tious ununtied fracture and bone defect.Methods A total of 40 patients with femoral infectious ununtied fracture or bone defect were admit-ted into our department from July 2006 to September 2012.After radical debridement,patients were given osteotomy and Ilizarov external fix-ation,and distraction osteogenesis were used in the treatment of bone defects.And the clinical effects and complications of the treatment were evaluated.Results All of the patients were followed up for 12 ~32 months (24.5 months averagely).Totally 39 patients of them acquired bone healing,and the mean healing time was 15.5 months (12 ~26 months).The knee joint range of motion of 32 patients were obviously decreased after operation (P =0.031).There were 10 cases of partial hip joint range of motion decrease,22 cases of leg length discrepancy (more than 1.1 cm),1 case of Iatrogenic vascular injury,and 10 cases required autologous cancellous bone graft.Pin loosening,deep infec-tion,clubfoot deformity,and deep vein thrombosis or bleeding were founded in parts of the patients.Conclusion Ilizarov technique can ac-quire success in the treatment of femoral infectious ununtied fracture and bone defect,but it has many complications.

Objective Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a rare malignant small round cell tumor .This paper aimed to study the clinical and pathological features of primary pulmonary primitive neuroectodermal tumor . Methods We collected 2 cases of primary pulmonary PNET to review the clinical and pathological features .Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect immune mark-ers, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to detect EWS translocation. Results 2 patients were aged 33 years and 17 years.Microscopically, the tumor cell was composed of single small round cells in diffusion or in distribution of sheets or beams , with scant cytoplasm , oval or spindle-shaped nucleus , high mitotic count .Irregular tumor necrosis scattered in the tumor along with visi-ble rosette structure.Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for CD 99, FLI-1 and Syn, while CKpan, EMA, Desmin, CgA, TTF1, CD34 were negative.EWS/FLI1 translocations were detected positive in both the cases .2 patients died 7 months and 32 months after operation , respectively . Conclusion Primary pulmonary PNET is rare , so the selection of appropriate im-mune markers (CD99, FLI-1, Syn) and FISH for the detection of EWS translocation helps to improve the accuracy of diagnosis .

Objective To search for the method used in enriching caffeates in Cirsium setosum by macroporous adsorption resin, 23 types of macroporous adsorption resin were optimized, which could provide the industrial production of caffeates with the theory basis. Methods The adsorption and elution ratios, product purity and yield, as total indices, were comprehensively evaluatued by 23 types of macroporous adsorption resin in enriching the extracts in C. setosum. Results The product purity and yield of caffeates by the HPD-100 type macroporous adsorption resin were the highest and up to 52.2% and 87.6%. Conclusion The HPD-100 type macroporous adsorption resin shows better comprehensive adsorption property. It is available for the enrichment of caffeates in C. setosum.

Objective To apply 3C3R model in problem design of PBL for pediatrics teaching.Methods The 3C3R model comprises two classes of components:core components and processing components.Core components of the model are 3C,which are content,context and connection while processing components are 3R,which are researching,reasoning and reflecting.3C3R model was used in the problem design for the PBL case of ‘ Why the mouth of Baobao became purple when he was crying?' Totally 76 eight-year program medical students and 7 tutors were enrolled as teaching object.The anonymous questionnaires from the students were collected for assessment of PBL teaching.Results The percentage of students with scores ≥4 for content in PLB problem design was 90.8％,for context was 80.3％,for connection was 64.5％,for researching was 81.6％,for reasoning was 69.7％ and for reflecting was 40.8％.The percentage of tutors with scores ≥4 for content in PLB problem design was 100％,for context was 71.4％,for connection was 28.6％,for researching was 71.4％,for reasoning was100％,for reflecting was57.1％.Both students and tutors held a positive attitude towards the component of content,context,researching and reasoning in problem design model.But the components of connection and reflection needed to be improved.Conclusion The 3C3R model is helpful for problem design of PBL in pediatric teaching.

Objective To explore the mechanism and inhibition of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) on hypertrohic scar fibroblasts.Methods The cells were treated by 0 (control),0.2,0.4,0.8 U/ml BTXA for 48 h.Cell viability was detected by MTT assay.Cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst staining.Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry.The level of cell cycle related protein D1 (Cyclin D1),proliferation nuclear antigen (PCNA) and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) / protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway were assayed by western blot.Results Compared with control group(0.75±0.07),0.2,0.4,0.8 U/mL BTXA(0.59 ± 0.06,0.43 ± 0.04,0.34± 0.03) inhibited hypertrohic scar fibroblasts cell viability,increased cell apoptotic rate[control group(2.38±0.24)％;BTXA(15.79±1.54)％,(27.32±2.69)％,(38.46±3.90)％],down-regulated the expression of Cyclin D1(control group 1.57±0.18;BTXA 0.93±0.07,0.42±0.04,0.35±0.03) and PCNA(control group 1.46±0.16;BTXA 0.50±0.05,0.59±0.05,0.37±0.03),inhibited the expression of PI3K(control group 0.98±0.06;BTXA 0.49±0.04,0.50±0.04,0.39±0.03) and the phosphorylation of AKT(control group 1.38±0.08;BTXA 0.97±0.06,0.60±0.04,0.29± 0.02),made cell cycle arrested in G1 phase,The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion These results suggested BTXA inhibit proliferation via blocking the activation of PI3K/AKT signal pathway and down-stream related cell cycle related protein.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between plasma high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) scores,and its predictive value for long-term (5 years) cardiovascular events in middle-aged and elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods 138 middle aged and elderly patients with ACS were divided into three groups according to GRACE scores:low risk group,middle risk group,high risk group.And based on quartiles of hs-CRP levels,subjects were segregated into 4 groups (Q1 to Q4).All subjects were followed up for about 5 years and adverse cardiovascular disease events were recorded.Results The hs-CRP level was gradually increased along with increasing risk according to GRACE risk stratification (hs-CRP low risk group,0.09 ± 0.22 ; middle risk group,0.21 ± 0.04 ;high risk group,0.43±0.23,P＜0.001).Meantime,GRACE risk scores were gradually increased along with increasing hs-CRP levels from Q1 to Q4 (Q1:133.0 ± 43.6; Q2:161.9 ± 60.2; Q3:169.3±52.6; Q4:188.4±47.5; all P＜0.001).Regression analysis showed that hs-CRP level was positively correlated with GRACE risk scores (r=0.576,P＜0.001).During a follow-up period of about 5 years,96 cardiovascular events were recorded.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis showed that area under the ROC curve (AUC) of hs-CRP was 0.821 (95 ％CI:0.749-0.892,P＜0.001) and AUC of GRACE risk score was 0.869 (95％CI:0.801 0.938,P＜0.001) in the evaluation of the long-term risk of incident cardiovascular events.The differences in prediction of long-term cardiovascular events in middle-aged and elderly patients with ACS were not significant (P =0.237) between GRACE risk score and hs CRP level.Conclusions Plasma hs-CRP level is positively associated with GRACE score.Both of them can predict long-term adverse cardiovascular events in middle-aged and elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Objective To investigate the reference interval of platelet‐related parameters including mean platelet volume (MPV) ,platelet distribution width (PDW) ,platelet hematocrit (PCT) .Methods Used Sysmex XN‐9000 assembly line and PEN‐TRA 120 hematology analyzer to analysis the venous blood cells for 3 415 cases of 16 to 90 years old physical examination personnel in Mianyang Central Hospital ,the platelet‐related parameters results of 2 718 standard healthy population by screening were statis‐tically analyzed .Results Platelet‐related parameters 95% reference interval (2 .5% -97 .5% ) of XN assembly line :M PV 9 .9-14 . 7 fL ,PDW 11 .2% -24 .3% ,PCT 0 .15% -0 .30% ;Platelet‐related parameters of 95% reference interval of PENTRA 120:MPV 8 .4-12 .7 fL ,PDW 13 .8% -24 .8% ,PCT 0 .12% -0 .26% ;comparison between the instruments :MPV ,PDW ,PCT results showed significant differences (P<0 .05);comparison between men and women :PCT test results of XN assembly line were differ‐ent (P<0 .05) ,MPV ,PDW ,PCT results of PENTRA 120 were different (P<0 .05);comparison between age groups :PCT result of all ages between men and women were different in XN assembly line (P<0 .05) ,in PENTRA 120 ,MPV ,PDW ,PCT results be‐tween ages were different in men (P<0 .05) ,PCT results between ages were different in women (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Each la‐boratory should establish the laboratory supporting biological reference interval of platelet‐related parameters based on different in‐struments ;in practical applications ,should set the reference interval for different gender or age .