The source, super-antioxidant activity, biological safety and application in medicine, health food and animal feed industry of natural astaxanthin are reviewed in present paper. The industrialization prospect of astaxanthin in China is also proposed.

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality in China.Invasion and metastasis of carcinotissue is one of the main reasons for the death of patients with gastric cancer.The mechanism of gastric cancer invasion and metastasis is very complicated,containing several immunomolecules and genes.Up-or down-regulated expression of these molecules in gastric cancer invasion and metastasis means that these immunomolecules and genes play some important roles in generation and progression of gastric cancer.In this review,we introduced the structure and function of these immunomolecules and genes,and their action during the course of gastric cancer invasion and metastasis.

Objective:To select the differentially expressed vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC) apoptosis gene induced by icariin,glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78),to observe the expression of GRP78 in atherosclerosis tissue and to the elucidate the mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis of icariin.Methods:The model was established by using halfcystine in viro.The vascular smooth muscle cell was incubated with various concentrations of icariin for 48 hours.The apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay.GRP78 gene was amplificated by PCR,recombinant plasmid were constructed,transfected into E.coli,positive clonings were selected and conf irmed by restriction endonucleas analysis,and sequence-ed.Tissue situ hybridization was used to observe the GRP78 expression in atherosclerosis tissue.Results:Icariin promoted obviously vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis.Furthermore,the fragment,648bp,was similar to the gene of GRP78 from VSMC,and the expression level was signif icantly higher in high cholesterol group than in control nroup.Conclusions:The GRP78 plays a key role in inducing atherosclerotic lesions.The mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis of icariin might be partly due to promoting apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell.

Objective To evaluate the target killing effect and metastasis prevention effect of soluble Fas combined with PKC inhibitor on the growth of human colorectal carcinoma implant in nude mice. Methods Orthotopic implantation and metastasis model of human colorectal carcinoma was reproduced in nude mice. Tumor tissue of tumor cell line HR-8348 with positive expression of FasL was implanted to the colonic wall of nude mice. After one week of tumor growth, mice were randomly divided into four groups according to the different agents injected into the peritoneal cavity. Twelve mice were in each group. The mice in the combined treatment group (recombinant soluble Fas coupled with PKC inhibitor + 5-Fu) were injected intraperitoneally 100?l (3mg/ml) recombinant soluble Fas coupled with PKC inhibitor and 0.5 mg of 5-Fu. (On the day of 0, 4, 8, 12 and16). At the same time, a group of tumor bearing mice were given recombinant soluble Fas coupled with PKC inhibitor only, and another group with 5-Fu only, and in the control group only normal saline was given. One month after implantation, tumor weight, inhibition rate and the presence of metastasis were evaluated respectively after the mice were sacrificed. Results Compared with control group, the orthotopically implanted tumors were significantly reduced in weight in mice treated with 5-Fu, recombinant soluble Fas coupled with the PKC inhibitor, and combined treatment, with respective inhibited rates of 43.1%, 79.9%, and 86.3%. Liver metastasis was also inhibited with significant decrease in incidence in 5-Fu group, recombinant soluble Fas coupled with the PKC inhibitor, and combined group compared with that in control group (75.0% vs 36.4%, 16.7%, and 0%). The incidence of peritoneal metastasis was also decreased significantly in 5-Fu, recombinant soluble Fas coupled with PKC inhibitor, and combined treatment compared with that in control group (100% vs 45.5%, 16.7%, and 8.3%, P

Objective To retrospectively analyse the impact of imatinib mesylate(Gleevec)on HSCT outcome in patients with Ph(+)leukemias.Methods From June 2001 to June 2005,31 CML-BC/AP patients and 8 refractory Ph(+)ALL patients were treated with imatinib mesylate to induce remission,followed by allogeneic transplantation,and we evaluated its influence on engraftment,graft versus host disease(GVHD),overall survival(OS),disease free survival(DFS),relapse rate(RR)and transplant-related mortality(TRM).Results Eighteen of 39 patients achieved complete hematologic remission(CHR),9 patients bone marrow remission(BMR)and 4 patients partial response(PR),the overall response rate being 70.96%.After HSCT,all patients achieved complete allogeneic engraftment with a median of 14 and 13.5 days for neutrophil and platelet recovery,respectively.The cumulative incidence rates of Ⅱ~Ⅳ? and Ⅲ~Ⅳ? aGVHD were 61.53% and 15.38%.The probability of OS and DFS was(73.51?9.61)% and(61.28?12.37)%,when HSCT was performed in CR,compared with(36.36?14.50)% and(31.25?13.98)% in NR.The 3-year cumulative relapse rate(RR)was 20.41% vs 75.00%.Four cases died of transplant-related complications.Conclusion Pre-transplant imatinib mesylate seems effective and safe for refractory Ph(+)leukemias;it allows transplantation to be in a more favorable status,and leads to better outcome.

Objective: To observe the effect of home-made blenderized diet on nutritional support in old comatose patients.Methods: Sixty-three old comatose patients were fed with home-made blenderized diet by nosal gastric feeding.Triceps skinfolds were measured every month.The serum levels of albumin,pre-albumin,total number of lymph cells and hemoglobin were analysed every month.Results: No side effects of abdominal pain,dearrhea,nausea and vomiting were observed in the fed patients.The states of nutrition(such as triceps skinfolds,albumin,pre-albumin,total number of lymph cells and hemoglobin) were improved significantly after home-made blenderized diet.Conclusion: The home-made blenderized diet can support the old comatose patients effectively.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of cyclin E in rectum carcinoma.Methods The expression of cyclin E was examined by immunohistochemical techniques in 42 cases of rectum carcinoma.Laboratory data were then analyzed statistically together with the related clinical and pathological data.Results The positive expression rate of cyclin E in rectum carcinoma was 66.7％(28/42).There was no significant association between cyclin E and gender,age,histological grade,pTNM stage,metastasis of lymph node (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of cyclin E in rectum carcinoma is higher,and it may show highly associated with the occurrence and development of the rectum carcinoma.Cyclin E has no significant association with age,gender,histological grade,pTNM stage,metastasis of lymph

Objective To explore the roles of curcumin in regulating high level O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression and the chemosensitivity of gliomas cells to temozolomide (TMZ) in malignant gliomas.Methods The expressions of MGMT were detected in C6 and U87 cell lines and primary malignant gliomas cell by qRT-PCR.The cell proliferation was analyzed after added in signal curcumin,signal TMZ,curcumin combined with TMZ in cells by CCK-8 assay.The cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.Results Compared with single curcumin (C6:0.64 ±0.03;U87:0.63 ±0.06;primary cell:0.51 ±0.07) and single TMZ (C6:0.53 ±0.06;U87:0.51 ±0.04;primary cell:0.79 ±0.03),curcumin combined with TMZ (C6:0.14 ±0.01;U87:0.12 ±0.03;primary cell:0.29 ±0.02) could significantly reduce the expression of MGMT in C6,U87 cell lines and primary cell line (C6:F=23.675,P=0.006;U87:F=29.021,P=0.001;primary cell:F=25.534,P=0.001).The combination of curcumin and TMZ could significantly inhibit the cells proliferation,decrease the halfinhibition concentration (IC5o) value (C6:F=6.731,P=0.012;U87:F=17.321,P=0.008;primary cell:F=18.857,P =0.007).The apoptosis rate of the cells was significantly increased after the combined action of curcumin and TMZ (C5:F=25.871,P=0.001;U87:F=6.847,P=0.009;primary cell:F=36.641,P=0.000).Conclusion Synergistic effect of curcumin and TMZ can reduce the expression of MGMT and increase the chemosensitivity of TMZ to malignant glioma,and provide new strategy and methods for the treatment of malignant glioma.

Objective To explore factors affecting cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation in patients with cardiac arrest. Methods Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the factors affecting the survival rate of patients with cardiac arrest after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Results 6 factors were related to the patient prognosis, including where the cardiac arrest took place, when the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) began, intervals of ROSC, pupils size, PRM (postresuscitation MODS) and age. multivariant analysis showed that PRM was the primary factor affecting the patients prognosis. Conclusion The time of taking CPR was the crucial factor affecting CPR success. PRM was an independent factor affecting the survival rate of the patients after ROSC. Rapid and effective resuscitation in the first place is the key to basic life support. More emphasis should be placed on the evaluation, monitoring and protection of the function of important organs after successful CPR.

Objective To screen the formulation for tanshinone self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) and evaluate its stability.Methods The optimal tanshinone SEDDS formulation was established through solubility experiment,emulsion examination,fully emulsified time,droplet size determination,and pseudo-ternary diagram drawing.The content and stability were evaluated by HPLC assay under the condition of illumination,high and low temperature.Results The oil phase,surfactant and co-surfactant in the optimal tanshinone SEDDS formulation were ethyl oleate,TX10,Tween 80,and isopropyl alcohol (60∶84∶21∶35).Conclusion The acquired formulation of tanshinone SEDDS is stable in the dark and room temperature.