Objective:To investigate the curative effects and the economic effects of Alprostadil in Pharmacotherapeutic Schemes for Cerebral Infarction. Methods:118 cases of cerebral infarction, admitted from March 2001 to March 2003, were collected and divided into two groups: Alprostadil was given to group Ⅰ, Alprostadil was not given to group Ⅱ. Data was evaluated using the pharmacoeconomics cost effectiveness analysis. Results: The costs of two groups were 13 826.13 and 7 884.55 yuan respectively. The effective rates of two groups were 92.89% and 80.33% respectively. The cost-effective rates of two groups were 148.70 and 98.15 yuan / per unit of effective. It cost 469.69 yuan for group Ⅰ to increase per unit of effective above group Ⅱ. Conclusion: GroupⅡ had lower cost- effective ratio, and groupⅠ had higher effective rate. If patients care about effectiveness more than cost, it maybe useful to take groupⅠ.

Objective To elucidate the pathogenesis of nodular duodenitis by investigating its endoscopic and histopathological characteristics. Methods One hundred and thirty-six patients were enrolled into study. Histopathological changes of duodenal tissue specimens were examined by H-E and AB/PAS staining. H.pylori was demonstrated by Giemsa staining and rapid urease test. Results Under endoscopy, all 136 patients with nodular duodenitis had nodular lesions (ranged from 0.2 cm to 1.0 cm), variant degrees of erythema and edema, among them 21 cases had erosion, and 30 cases had haemorrhagic spots and/or ecchymoses. The detecting rate of nodular duodenitis was 0.9%(136/15 820) of all the endoscopic examinations and 3.8%(136/3541) of duodenitis. There was 107 cases of nodular duodenitis identified by histopathological examination including 53 cases of chronic duodenitis and 54 cases of active duodenitis. The histopathological characteristics of chronic duodenitis were lymphocytes and plasmocytes infiltration and varied degrees of atrophic duodenal villi and glands. While in active duodenitis, there was neutrophilic granulocytes infiltration. There were 51 cases of Brunner's gland hyperplasia and 59 cases of gastric epithelial metaplasia. Among all patients, 7 cases were proved to be gastric heterotopia, 4 cases of schistosomiasis and 18 cases of normal tissue. Among 107 nodular duodenitis, the positive rate of H.pylori infection was 45.8% (49/107), the infection rate of H.pylori in active duodenitis(59.3%,32/54) was significantly higher than that in chronic duodenitis (32.1%,17/53) (P

Objective:To select the differentially expressed vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC) apoptosis gene induced by icariin,glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78),to observe the expression of GRP78 in atherosclerosis tissue and to the elucidate the mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis of icariin.Methods:The model was established by using halfcystine in viro.The vascular smooth muscle cell was incubated with various concentrations of icariin for 48 hours.The apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay.GRP78 gene was amplificated by PCR,recombinant plasmid were constructed,transfected into E.coli,positive clonings were selected and conf irmed by restriction endonucleas analysis,and sequence-ed.Tissue situ hybridization was used to observe the GRP78 expression in atherosclerosis tissue.Results:Icariin promoted obviously vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis.Furthermore,the fragment,648bp,was similar to the gene of GRP78 from VSMC,and the expression level was signif icantly higher in high cholesterol group than in control nroup.Conclusions:The GRP78 plays a key role in inducing atherosclerotic lesions.The mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis of icariin might be partly due to promoting apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell.

Objective To investigate the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor one(NMDA-R1 )in visceral hypersensitivity forming of Sprague-Dawley rat model induced by transient Trichinella spiralis intestinal infection.Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into healthy control group,visceral hypersensitivity group,0.9％ NaCl group and MK-801 group.The rats in visceral hypersensitivity group,0.9％NaCl group and MK-801 group were given Trichinella spiralis to establish infection model.After eight weeks,the rats in 0.9％NaCl group and MK-801 group were given 0.9 ％ NaCl and MK-801 respectively.The abdominal muscular electrical activity of each group was observed under 20,40,60 and 80 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) colorectal distension pressure.After abdominal muscular electrical activity recorded,rats were sacrificed and the colon specimens were collected.The expression of NMDA-R1 at protein level was detected by Western blot.The data were analyzed by LSD test and Bivariate correlation.Results There was significant correlation between areas under curve (AUC) of abdominal muscular electrical activity electromyography and distension pressure in healthy control group,visceral hypersensitivity group,0.9％ NaCl group and MK-801 group (r=0.823,0.618,0.913,0.889 respectively,all P＜0.01).Under 20,40,60,80 mm Hg distension pressure,there was significant difference in AUC between MK-801 group and visceral hypersensitivity group (LSD test,all P＜0.05).The AUC of MK-801 group was lower than that of healthy control group,but there was significant difference (LSD test,P =0.029) only when distension pressure was at 80 mm Hg.The integral optical density value of NMDA-R1 protein of MK-801 group (1.238 ±0.210) was significantly lower than that of visceral hypersensitivity group (2.231±0.450) and 0.9％NaCl group (2.104±0.220) (LSD teat,P=0.025,0.046).The JA value of NMDA-R1 protein of visceral hypersensitivity group and 0.9％NaCl group was significantly higher than that of healthy control group (LSD test,P =0.007,0.014).Conclusion The visceral hypersensitivity forming was correlated with the high expression of NMDA-R1,and it could be adjusted by inhibiting NMDA-R1 expression in enteric nervous system.

OBJECTIVE To seek the effective dynamic air disinfector for hospitals,and investigate the effects of JBL nano-meter dynamic air disinfector.METHODS Choosing four different hospitals,using JBL nano-meter dynamic air disinfector device to collect,compare and analyze the data under a human being movement environment or a vacant environment on the basis of the air sampling method taken from Hospital Disinfection Technology Standard(in 2002 edition) issued by the Ministry of Health.RESULTS When all four hospitals using JBL nano-meter dynamic air disinfectors,the average air bacterium-killing rate in a human being movement environment reached 80.35%,which was obviously better than other similar devices.CONCLUSIONS JBL nano-meter dynamic air disinfector not only has very good function of removing the unusual odors,but has excellent active air disinfection effect.Meanwhile,the device can be installed conveniently.It is regarded as one of the best hospital air disinfection devices.

0.05).Conclusion: P14ARF and E2F1 can suppress colorectal tumorigenesis.The protein dysfunction is merely an early event in the tumorigenic process,correlated neither with such invasive activities as lymphonode and distant organ metastases nor with clinicopathologic characteristics.P14ARF and E2F1 have a synergenic action in suppressing cell growth and inducing cell apoptosis,and therefore can be used as potentially active gene therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) on regulating visceral sensitivity in rats with acute partial restraint stress. Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into blank control (sham stress), acute stress and CB1R groups with 10 each. The frequency of discharge of electromyogram (EMG) was recorded at the 1st, 2nd, 5th and 8th day to evaluate the visceral sensitivity to colorectal distension (CRD) in rats. The expression of the CB1R mRNA was determined by means of RT-PCR at day 8. Results There was no significant difference in baseline discharge frequency among three groups at the 1st day. But the discharge frequencies corresponding to CRD at 40,60,80 mm Hg at the 2nd day were significantly lower in CB1R group [(22.37±1.49)/min, (42.24±3.03)/min and (69.09±5.54)/min, respectively] than in acute stress group [(39.71±1.84)/min, (84.45±8.85)/min and (112.56±11.66)/min, respectively, P<0.05)]. The discharge frequencies corresponding to CRD at 40, 60,80 mm Hg in acute stress group [(104.12±6.77)/min, (158.07±18.68)/min, (193.58±25.69)/min,respectively] showed a significant elevation at the 5th day in comparison with blank control group[(36.33±5.42)/min, (74.07±8.25)/min, (102.94±7.95)/min, respectively, P<0.05] or CB1R group [(74.66±6.44)/min,(140.10±4.68)/min and (160.39±5.60)/min,respectively, P<0.05]. However, at the 8th day after stress, there was no significant difference in discharge frequency among three groups. The expressions of CB1R mRNA in ileocecal junction, proximal colonic and distal colonic tissues were significantly higher in acute stress group (2.53±0.52, 2.29±0.42, 2.54±0.29 respectively) than in blank control group(0.56±0.15, 0. 73±0.12, 0.82±0.09, respectively, P<0.05). There was no effect of CB1R agonist on CB1R mRNA expression in rats. Conclusion The visceral sensitivity in rats induced by stress can trigger the accommodation of endogenous cannabinoid system that plays an important role in modulation of visceral sensitivity.

Objective To explore the activation on occipital lobe in children with and without abacus mental calculation training when they engaged in different calculation tasks with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Then approach the laterality of occipital lobe in abacus mental calculation.Methods fMRI was performed in children trained with( trained group)and without( untrained group) abacus mental calculation( seventeen in each group) when they engaged in addition,subtraction,multiplication,division,and number-object control judging tasks.The data processing and statistical analysis of original image were performed on SPM 2.0 ( statistical parametric mapping 2.0) and the related-brain functional areas were obtained.The laterality index (LI) was used to assess the laterality of occipital lobe.Results The performance of the trained group with better correctness and shorter reaction time was much better than that of the untrained group (P＜0.01).The laterality degree of occipital lobe in the trained group (-0.15,0.22,0.24,-0.06 ) was lower than that of the untrained group (0.35,0.75,0.75,0.29).Conclusion Abacus mental calculation can obviously enhance the capacity of mental calculation.The laterality degree of occipital lobe in the trained group is lower than that of untrained group.It is conducive to the balanced development of bilateral cerebral hemisphere.

Objective To apply the three-dimensional pre-operative simulation and intra-operative real-time navigation in the reconstruction of old maxillofacial fractures so as to increase the surgical precision. Methods Six patients with old maxillofacial fractures were enrolled, and the diagnosis of unilateral old maxillofacial fractures was confirmed by clinical and imaging examinations. Virtual three-dimensional skull models were reconstructed from pre-operative CT images. The fractured bone was moved or rotated, and was reposed in a desired site according to the mirrored part from the healthy side. After patient-to-image registration, the surgical instruments and patients were tracked in real-time by optical tracking system during operation, and in this way the maxillofacial fractures were reposed satisfactorily guided by the virtual image. Results Three-dimensional simulation before operation and real-time navigation of patients and instruments during operation were realized. The error of registration was less than 1 mm. The post-operative CT examinations of these six patients revealed that the fracture reposition was same to the pre-operative planning, and the difference between them was less than 1.5 mm. The operations were minimally-invasive, with no complications. Conclusion Computer-aided surgical simulation and navigation system can effectively increase the surgical precision of reconstruction of old maxillofacial fractures.

Three compounds were isolated from solid culture of endophyte Myrothecium roridum IFB-E091 in Artemisia annua. Their structures were determined as (S)-(-)-N-[2-(3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-acetamide (1), N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide (2) and asperfumoid (3), in which compound 1 was a new indole derivative. In cytotoxicity assay, the compound 1 had no obvious inhibition activity in human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 and human cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa.