The popularization of home medical equipment facilitates the treatment and management of many diseases, improving the patient compliance. However, due to the absence of medical background, most of their users have various security risk in the course of reorganization, choosing, using and maintenance of the products. This paper analyzed the property of security risk in home medical equipment, and described the matters needing attention in the using of several common products.
Consumer Product Safety ; Equipment and Supplies ; Household Articles ; Risk Assessment

Objective To investigate the clinical prognosis of idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis (IDON), the rate of its conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and its clinical features related to the conversion.Methods Patients satisfying our entry criteria for IDON hospitalized in Beijing Tongren Hospital during the period from 2002 to 2007 were re-evaluated with follow-ups for 6-months to 5-years.The McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS (revised, 2005) was used to diagnose MS in these subjects during follow-up and the diagnosis of NMO utilized 1999 Wingerchuk' s NMO criteria.The Chi-Squared χ2 test was applied to statistically analyze association of clinical features and development of MS or NMO.Results In 107 recruited IDON cases with complete clinical data and follow-up, 12 cases (11.2%) developed into MS or NMO during follow-up period.All 12 cases met the revised McDonald criteria, of which 4 cases met NMO criteria and the remaining eight cases showed some clinical evidence of "optic-spinal MS (OS-MS)".A significantly higher conversion rate of 23.1% was found in recurrent IDON than the 4.4% in single-episode cases (χ2 = 6.899, P < 0.01) .Convesion rate of female patiends (17.2%) is significantly higher than male patients (4.1%, χ2 = 4.620, P < 0.05).Conversion rate of 18.2% in patients with initially abnormal brain MRI was higher than rate of 8.1% in cases with normal brain MRI, but the difference was not statistically significant.No difference was found between presence or absence of swollen disc, nor severity of vision loss.Conclusions In a group of IDON patients, 11.2% developed into MS and NMO or clinically indicative OS-MS.Recurrent IDON and female gender suggested higher risk of developing MS or NMO.

Objective To explore the consistency between preoperative clinical TNM stage and postoperative pathological TNM stage of gastric cancer and look for the underlying reason.Methods Sixty-four patients of gastric cancer with complete clinical data from December 2010 to December 2011 in Gansu Provincial Hospital were enrolled into this study.All cases were performed postoperative pathological TNM staging according to the TNM stage criteria of gastric cancer from JGCA(the 14th edition,2010),and the results were compared with preoperative TNM staging,then we studied the consistency of T staging,N staging and M staging using SPSS 18.0.Results The Kappa value from T staging of preoperative and postoperative was 0.729,showing a good consistency.The N stage' s consistency was lower,Kappa value being only 0.216.For M staging,Kappa value 0.743,having a good consistency.Conclusions According to the General Rules for Gastric Cancer Treatment,a accurate TNM staging and individual treatment plan can be made for gastric cancer patients in clinic.But the overestimate and underestimate still existed,especially in N staging.Therefore,making a accurate judgment for N staging according to all kinds of preoperative clinical data and images is the key to improvement of preoperative TNM staging accuracy and treatment.

Objective To explore the clinic effect of arthroscopic in the treatment of Haglund deformity.Methods Sixteen patients with Haglund deformity were treated with arthroscopy from June 2009 to December 2011,including 7 males and 9 females,with an average age of 28.8 years (range,17-39 years).All 16 patients were suffered ankle back pain,exacerbations of pain during active and passive plantar flexion.This group of patients was chosen arthroscopic surgery to treat Haglund deformity as conservative treatment was invalid.With the prone position for surgery,we selected two approaches next to the Achilles tendon.Use the C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy observed calcaneus orthopedic during the operation.From the posteromedial approach to the posterolateral approach to alternately use the shaver and ArthroCare to clean up the front of the inflammation of the Achilles tendon bursa,by which could form arthroscopic operations security zone.All operating equipment was on the back toward the Achilles tendon,which could maximize the protection Achilles tendon.Postoperative plaster or brace short brake was used for two weeks.16 cases of postoperative patients were followed up； the mean follow-up time was 13 months (9-18 months).According pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle (AOFAS),the clinic effects were evaluated.Results At the last follow-up,the AOFAS hindfoot score of 91.5±2.8 was significantly higher than the preoperative 71.0±3.7 (t=17.38,P=0.014),postoperative VAS score 1.3±0.6 was significantly lower than the preoperative 5.10±0.44 (t=19.20,P=0.022).Conclusion The treatment of Haglund deformity by means of arthroscopic minimally invasive,with smaller trauma,faster recovery and lower complications,is effective and safe in clinical practice.However,dues to its steep learning curve,this method requires doctors to carry out who had relatively large arthroscopic surgery experience.

Objective Agaro-oligosaccharides have been proved to possess the antioxidative ability in vitro. This work focus on the preparation of agaro-oligosaccharides and their antioxidant effect in vivo. Method Agaro-oligosaccharides were hydrolytically obtained and the activated carbon column was used to purify the oligosaccharides. The antioxidative effects of the 10 % ethanol eluted fraction on tissue peroxidative damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) was also investigated in rat. Result Agarobiose of high purity was consequently eluted from chromatography in the fractions of 5 % and 8 % ethanol, agarotetraose and agarohexaose in 10 % to 15 % ethanol, as well as high degree of polymerization (DP) oligosaccharides in 25 % ethanol. The antioxidative results indicated that agaro-oligosaccharides could elevate the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and decrease the level of MDA, GPT, GOT significantly. At a dose of 400 mg?kg~ -1, MDA level was reduced 44 % and 21 % in liver and heart, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px would amount to the peak value in liver and serum, while GPT level was decreased 22 % in serum. Conclusion The purity of agaro-oligosaccharides with different range of DPs was improved by activated carbon column, which possesses the property of different absorbance ability towards oligosaccharides with various DPs and high isolating capability. The animal test also indicated that agaro-oligosaccharides could inhibit the oxidative damage in vivo.

Purpose To detect the expression of NKX2. 2 protein in gastrointestinal, pancreatic and esophageal neuroendocrine tumors and the correlation between the expression of NKX2. 2 and the clinicopathologic parameters. Methods 41 cases of gastrointestinal, pancreatic and esophageal neuroendocrine tumors were collected. The expression of NKX2. 2, Syn and CgA in neuroendocrine tumor samples were checked by using immunohistochemical staining. Results The positive expression of NKX2. 2 protein was localized in the nucleus. NKX2. 2 protein showed positive staining in neuroendocrine tumors of the seven original sites. In the four cases of normal pancreatic islet cells also showed strongly diffuse positive nuclear staining. The positive rates of NKX2. 2, Syn and CgA protein in the small intestine, rectum, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were 100%, 100% and 46. 7%, respectively. The positive rates of NKX2. 2 in foregut, midgut and hindgut were 30% and 87% (χ2 = 11. 09, P=0. 001). Positive NKX2. 2 protein expression was not associated with gender, age group, grade, tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Conclusion NKX2. 2, as a new type of neuroendo-crine markers, is obviously superior to CgA in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors in the small bowel, rectum and pancreas. NKX2. 2, Syn and CgA, a panel approach may be beneficial to enhance diagnostic accuracy of the neuroendocrine tumors.

Objective To investigate the influence of lipid metabolic markers on hip osteoarthritis (OA) and the correlation with the pain of hip.Methods In this retrospectively cross sectional analysis,393 subjects fufilling the inclusive criteria were continuously included from June 2013 to September 2014.The presentation of hip X-ray of subjects were classified into OA group and non-OA group in terms of Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale,the subjects with Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L)≥2 was classified into OA group.The average of age in total was (62±9) years.There were 183 males and 210 females,the number of patients with OA was 182.There were 210 patients with hypertension and 118 patients with diabetes while the number of smoking patients was 74.The demographic information,risk factors,blood pressure,blood glucose,lipid metabolic markers were analyzed.Differences in proportions were compared using the Chi-square test.Difterences in continuous variables were tested for statistical significance using t test analysis.VAS score was used to evaluate the severity of hip pain.Independent risk factors were confirmed by using multiple logistic regression analysis.The correlation between the risk factors and severity of hip pain was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.Results Statistically significance existed in age (t=-4.849),sex (x2=8.946),BMI (t=-4.794),hypertension (x2=4.751),smoking (x2=7.062),metabolic syndrome (x2=34.406),apolipoprotein A1 (t=2.352),apolipoprotein B (t=-6.870),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (t=2.519),triglyceride (t=-4.652) and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (t=-4.901) between OA group and non OA group.Age [OR =1.060(1.033,1.086)],metabolic syndrome [OR=3.682(2.284,5.938)] and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio [OR=5.743(2.393,13.785)] were the independent risk factors.The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio had positive correlation with the severity of hip pain(r=0.379).Conclusion ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is the independent risk factor of hip osteoarthritis,and has positive correlation with the severity of hip pain.The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio should be monitored in hip osteoarthritis patients in clinical work,to get the relief of pain and improve hip osteoarthritis.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of the hip surface replacement on osteoarthrithis of hip.Methods The clinical data of 5 cases with osteoarthrithis of hip treated by hip surface replacement were retrospectively reviewed.Results Patients were followed up for an average period of 2.1 years(6～28 months).There were no femoral neck fracture,no dislocation,no infection in all patients.The average Harris score was 85.4(48.3 scores before surgery).Postoperatively quality of life improved obviously.Conclusion The therapeutic effect on osteoarthrithis of hip treated by the hip surface replacement is satisfactory,and the quality of patient's life can be improved,espcially for the youth.

ObjectiveTo assess myocardial perfusion by the end-systolic and end-diastolic replenishment parameters of real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE).MethodsTwenty-one patients with myocardial infarction(MI) and normal control group of 6 cases underwent intravenous realtime myocardial contrast echocardiography via slow and homogeneous venous injections of SonoVue.MCE images were obtained from the apical 4-chamber,2-chamber,and long-axis views.According to the exponential function:y(t) =A [1 - e-kt] + B,the time intensity curves were obtained.By an off-line ECG triggering and curve fitting,the replenishment parameters A value,k value,A × k value were obtained separately from end-systolic and end-diastolic images.ResultsIn normal control group,the end-systolic replenishment parameters A value,k value,A × k value were all lower than that of the end-diastolic replenishment parameters[(6.21 ± 2.69)dB vs (7.93 ± 3.66)dB,P ＜0.05；0.36 ± 0.15 vs 0.42 ± 0.19,P ＜ 0.01 ;2.88 ± 1.29 vs 3.39 ± 1.61,P ＜0.05,respectively].The end-diastolic replenishment parameters were found significantly greater variability than the end-systolic values (variation coefficient CV:A value 46.2％ vs 43.3％,k value 45.2％ vs 41.4％,A× k value 47.5％ vs 44.8％,all P ＜0.05).In 21 patients,the end-systolic replenishment parameters in myocardial segments supplied by infarct-related coronary artery were significantly lower than that in myocardial segments supplied by non - infarct - related coronary artery.ConclusionsThe end-systolic and end-diastolic replenishment parameters of real time myocardial contrast echocardiography can assess myocardial perfusion.The variability of the end-systolic replenishment parameters is smaller than that of the end diastolic parameters.Significant variability in k-value suggests that this parameter is best suited for before-after study in the same patient.

Objective To investigate effect of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis in the treatment of endstage post-traumatic ankle arthritis.Methods Between July 2007 and December 2010,21 patients with post-traumatic ankle arthritis underwent arthroscopic arthrodesis in our hospital.There were 14 males and 7 females,aged from 21 to 68 years (average,37 years).Before operation,conservative treatments were unsuccessful in all patients.During operation,the articular cartilage was removed completely,and then micro-fracture was made in bone near articular surface.Then,the operating ankle were reduced and fixed provisionally with Kirschner wires.A C-arm X-ray system was used to confirm the reduction of operating ankle,and the operating ankle was fixed with cannulate screws if the reduction was satisfactory.Two patients also underwent arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis.After operation,the affected ankle was fixed with plaster for six weeks.Then partial weight-bearing were allowed and gradually increased until bone union.Results All patients were followed up for 1 to 4 years (average,1.8 years).All affected ankle achieved bone union after 10 to 16 weeks (average,12 weeks).No early complications occurred,such as poor wound healing and infection.Subtalar arthritis with pain occurred in 3 patients; the symptom relieved in 2 of them after conservative treatment and in 1 patient after subtalar arthrodesis.The VAS score improved from preoperative 8.1±1.5 to 2.7± 1.1 one year postoperatively,which showed statistical significance (t=3.153,P=0.005).Conclusion Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis provides an alternative method for treating end-stage post-traumatic ankle arthritis,which has some advantages,such as less surgical trauma,more beautiful incision and higher fusion rate.However,it needs special equipments and a learning curve.