Objective: To express and purify the inhibitor of differentiation(Id3) in E.coli.Methods: The DNA fragment in the coding region of the human Id3 gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector for sequencing.The Id3 cDNA fragment was then subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector(pET-32a)(+) and transformed into E.coli BL 21(DE3).The expression of the histidine-tagged(His-Tag) fusion protein was induced with isopropy-?-D-thiogalactoside(IPTG),confirmed by Western blot and purified by the immobilized Ni2+ absorption chromatographic column.Results: The prokaryotic expression vector of Id3 was successfully constructed.Western blot confirmed the expression of the His-Tag fusion protein in E.coli BL 21(DE3) and that of the Id3 fusion protein with the relative molecular mass size of 33 000 after purified by the affinity chromatographic column. Conclusion: Recombinant Id3 can be expressed in E.coli BL 21(DE3) and the obtained fusion protein can be purified by the Ni-affinity chromatography column.

Objective To investigate the clinical prognosis of idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis (IDON), the rate of its conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and its clinical features related to the conversion.Methods Patients satisfying our entry criteria for IDON hospitalized in Beijing Tongren Hospital during the period from 2002 to 2007 were re-evaluated with follow-ups for 6-months to 5-years.The McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS (revised, 2005) was used to diagnose MS in these subjects during follow-up and the diagnosis of NMO utilized 1999 Wingerchuk' s NMO criteria.The Chi-Squared χ2 test was applied to statistically analyze association of clinical features and development of MS or NMO.Results In 107 recruited IDON cases with complete clinical data and follow-up, 12 cases (11.2%) developed into MS or NMO during follow-up period.All 12 cases met the revised McDonald criteria, of which 4 cases met NMO criteria and the remaining eight cases showed some clinical evidence of "optic-spinal MS (OS-MS)".A significantly higher conversion rate of 23.1% was found in recurrent IDON than the 4.4% in single-episode cases (χ2 = 6.899, P < 0.01) .Convesion rate of female patiends (17.2%) is significantly higher than male patients (4.1%, χ2 = 4.620, P < 0.05).Conversion rate of 18.2% in patients with initially abnormal brain MRI was higher than rate of 8.1% in cases with normal brain MRI, but the difference was not statistically significant.No difference was found between presence or absence of swollen disc, nor severity of vision loss.Conclusions In a group of IDON patients, 11.2% developed into MS and NMO or clinically indicative OS-MS.Recurrent IDON and female gender suggested higher risk of developing MS or NMO.

Objective To investigate the effects of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement for the prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism and to discuss the management of complications related to the filter placement. Methods Seventy patients with proved deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity underwent inferior vena cava filter placement. A total of 72 IVC filters were implanted, which included 20 Trap Ease filters, 31Vena Tech filters, 13 retrievable OptEase~(TM) filters and 8 Tempo Ⅱ filters. One filter was deployed above the orifice of renal vein and the remaining 71 were deployed below the orifice of renal vein. Results All the patients were followed up for 8-72 months after the procedure. During the follow-up period no fatal pulmonary embolism occurred except that some complications related to the filter placement occurred in 6 cases.Conclusion Inferior vena cava filter placement can effectively prevent the occurrence of pulmonary embolism. Of course, this treatment should be strictly applied according to the indications.

Objective To study the value of echocardiogram in preoperative examination for the diagnosis of silent myocardial is-chemia in patients before surgery .Methods 172 patients with surgical preoperative suspected diagnosis of coronary heart disease , were divided into heart valve surgery group (72 cases) and non heart valve surgery group (100 cases) .All of the patients had echo-cardiography and coronary angiography before 2 weeks of operation .We drew a series of analysis to assess the sensitivity、specialty and accuracy of diagnosis of silent myocardial ischemia with regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) and wall motion score in-dex (WMSI) .Results Coronary angiography as the gold standard of coronary heart disease diagnosis .The sensitivity of RWMA for the diagnosis of silent myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing heart valve surgery group and non heart valve surgery group was 85 .7% and 100 .0% ,while the specificity of RWMA was 100 .0% and 80 .0% ,respectively ,the differences between the two groups had no statistical significance (P>0 .05) .We also drew the ROC curve of WMSI for the diagnosis of silent myocardial ische-mia ,maximum area under the ROC curve of WMSI were 2 .20 and 2 .05 .In patients undergoing cardiac surgery and non-cardiac sur-gery ,the curves indicated that the sensitivity were 79 .7% and 75 .9% ,the specificity were 83 .0% and 67 .7% ,respectively .Area under the ROC curve was 0 .832 and 0 .702 ,but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Using RW-MA and WMSI as reference indicators ,surgical preoperative echocardiography in the diagnosis of patients with silent myocardial is-chemia has good sensitivity ,specific ,and accurate ,there is no statistically significant difference between heart valve surgery and non heart valve surgery .

To meet the needs of society,the Academic Degrees Committee of the Chinese State Council set up a Medical Degree in 1998 to train senior clinicians.In order to reveal the influencing factors of the education quality of clinical medicine doctoral programmes,this paper used a questionnaire to evaluate the education experience of clinicians with clinical MD degrees of Peking University Health Science Center.

Objective To compare the impact of propofol and sevoflurane on thermoregulation in children undergoing orheopaedic surgery.Methods Sixty-eight children scheduled to undergo ortho-paedic surgery were randomly allocated to receive propofol (group P)and sevoflurane(group S)anes-thesia,34 cases in each group.Tympanic temperature was recorded 5 minutes before (T0 )and 5 min (T1 ),1 5 min (T2 ),30 min (T3 ),45 min (T4 ),60 min (T5 ),75 min (T6 ),90 min (T7 ),105 min (T8 )and 120 min (T9 )after anesthesia.Total fluid intake,duration of surgery,duration of anesthe-sia,the incidence of hypothermia,and the incidence of shivering were also recorded.Results Com-pared with T0 ,in both groups body temperature declined at T1-T8 .There was no difference between the two groups in total fluid intake,duration of surgery,duration of anesthesia and the incidence of shivering.Compared with group P,children in group S had a higher incidence of hypothermia(8 vs 1). Children in group S had lower temperature,which had statistical significance at T7 and T8 (P <0.05). Conclusion The core temperature of children undergoing orthopaedic surgery showed a trend of in-crease after the first fall in the surgery.Compared with propofol,sevoflurane anesthesia is more likely to lead to the incidence of hypothermia in children undergoing orthopaedic surgery in 90 min after in-duction of anesthesia.

ObjectiveTo compare the therapeutic efficacies between acupoint thread embedding plus Western medication and dry Western medication in treating metabolic syndrome.MethodTotally 320 patients with metabolic syndrome were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 160 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by ordinary Western medication, while the treatment group was by acupoint thread embedding in addition to the Western medication given to the control group, and Yishu (Extra), Geshu (BL17), Ganshu (BL18), Pishu (BL20), Shenshu (BL23), Tianshu (ST25), Daimai (GB26), and Guanyuan (CV4) were selected as the major points. The therapeutic efficacies, metabolism-related parameters, liver function, and kidney function were compared between the two groups, and the therapeutic efficacies of different syndromes were also compared.ResultThe markedly effective rate and total effectiverate of the treatment group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, there was no significant difference in comparing the HDL-C between the two groups (P>0.05), but there were significant inter-group differences in comparing the rest parameters including liver and kidney functions (P<0.05), and the treatment group was superior to the control group. Acupoint thread embedding produced a more significant efficacy in treating metabolic syndrome due to heat in liver-stomach and phlegm-dampness stagnancy compared to the control group (P<0.05), and the efficacy of acupoint thread embedding in treating metabolic syndrome due to phlegm-dampness stagnancy was significantly different from that of the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionAcupoint thread embedding plus Western medication can produce a more significant therapeutic efficacy in treating metabolic syndrome compared to Western medication alone, and it’s safe; of all the patterns, phlegm-dampness stagnancy responds thebest to acupoint thread embedding.

Objective To investigate muli-leaf collimator (MLC)-defined small field output factors calculated by the treatment planning system (TPS), and to study the measuring method of small field output factors verified by 0.015 cc PinPoint ionization chamber.Methods Eight medical accelerators for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were investigated in Henan province, and TPS-calculated output factors for various small fields (6 cm ×6 cm,4 cm ×4 cm,3 cm ×3 cm and 2 cm ×2 cm) were compared with published values recommended by IAEA.If the relative deviation was more than ± 3％ for the 2 cm ×2 cm field size and ±2％ for the fields of 6 cm ×6 cm, 4 cm ×4 cm and 3 cm ×3 cm, which was beyond the scope of IAEA allowed, the output factors will be measured and verified using 0.015 cc PinPoint ionization chamber and Unidos electrometer.Results TPS-calculated small field output factors for eight medical accelerators were compared with published values.The relative deviation of small field output factors for five pieces of equipment, which accounted for 62.5％ of the total, met the IAEA's requirement, while the other three, which accounted for 37.5％ of the total, did not.After measuring with PinPoint ionization chamber, the results from only three pieces of equipment met minimum IAEA's requirement.Conclusions MLC-defined small field output factors calculated by TPS for some medical accelerators in Henan need to be measured and corrected using micro-ionization chamber, and the measured values could be taken as the basis of radiation treatment planning.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of full-volume three-dimensional echocardiography (FV3DE) in evaluating left ventricular systolic function in normal pregnancy.MethodsFifty-five healthy pregnant women,including 18 cases in first trimester (first trimester group),18 cases in second trimester (second trimester group) and 19 cases in third trimester (third trimester group),and 20 healthy nonpregnant women(control group) were chosen.The hemodynamic indexes and left ventricular systolic function parameters were detected by FV3DE.ResultsThe imaging satisfactory rates of FV3DE of control group,first trimester group,second trimester group and third trimester group were 100.0％ (20/20),100.0％ (18/18),88.9％ (16/18) and 78.9％(15/19) respectively.Compared with control group,heart rates (HR) of first,second and third trimester groups were significandy quicker (P ＜ 0.05);total peripheral resistance (TPR)declined gradually (P ＜ 0.05);LVM,LVMI,LVEDV,LVSV and LVCO increased gradually (P ＜0.05) ; MAP,LVEF,PER of four groups had no significant differences (P＞ 0.05 ).LVCO in healthy pregnant women had negative correlation with TPR (P ＜0.01),and positive correlation with HR,LVM,LVMI,LVEDV,LVSV,LVEF and PER (P ＜0.01),PER had positive correlation with LVEF.ConclusionThe application of FV3DE has significant clinical value in early evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in normal pregnancy.

Objective:To detect,culture,and characterize the nanobacteria(NB) from sera of patients with kidney calculi in our department.Methods:Blood samples of 24 patients with kidney calculi and of 3 healthy volunteers in our department were collected for NB culture in this study.We used immunohistochemistry,von kossa staining,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) to investigate the appearance and components of cultural NB.Results:Twenty-two blood samples out of 24(91.67%) showed growth of NB,while no NB were detected in volunteers' blood samples.The infection rate of stone group was obviously higher than that of healthy volunteers.After a 4-week culture period,the light microscope revealed coccoid-shaped NB with a diameter of 100-500 nm,which could be identified by immunohistochemistry and von kossa staining.SEM and TEM(negative staining) revealed NB with a hollow interior coated in needle-like apatite crystals.Such nanopaticles could bud-off new ones and therefore appeared like living organisms.Conclusion:NB can be identified from sera of most patients involved in kidney calculi.It may have intimate relation to the formation of kidney calculi because the infection rate of NB blood samples of stone patients was significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers.Immunohistochemistry,von kossa staining,SEM and TEM are special methods for identifying NB from different aspects.The appearance and character are important points to distinguish NB from other nano-sized particles.