This paper tried to explore the method of excavation and sorting for local cultural knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine by confirming the research content, setting the eligibility, designing the research method, and implementing the research plan. We pointed out that the trial design, working style, policy support and funding support played an important role for the success of researches.

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OBJECTIVE To analyze and review the antibiotics utilization for the perioperative inpatients in our orthopedics department,and to evaluate the rationality of the utilization.METHODS Totally 267 cases of inpatients receiving operations from Sep to Nov,2008 were selected in our orthopedics department,then the methods of drug use review and drug frequency analysis were applied to analyze and review the effects of antibiotics utilization with retrospective statistics.RESULTS All of the 267 inpatients have taken antibiotics,of which the cephalosporins were the most frequently used.The antibiotics commonly used were cefminox,cefmetazole,and cefuroxime.The antibiotics of the highest daily defined dose(DDD) costs and total costs were cefamandole,flomoxef,etc.The average days of antibiotics utilization for clean operations,clean-contaminated operations,and contaminated operations were 7 days,8 days,and 9 days,respectively and 86% of the patients were antibiotic combination usage.CONCLUSIONS There is inappropriateness in the antibiotics utilization during perioperations of orthopedics.Guidelines of drug use must be followed to improve the drug usage.

Juvenile granulose cell tumor is one of the rare sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary.This review summarizes the new progress in the genetic studies of the disease.

Objective To transduct with human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT) to Schwann cells via electransfection technique to prolong the life span and enhance the proliferative capacity of Schwann cells.Methods The hTERT RNA was derived from esophagus cancer tissue and pcDNA3.1-hTERT vector was built.With electransfection technique, we tmnsfected vector into ADSCs.The PCR,TRAP-PCR, and PI-annexin V were tested to prove the expression of hTERT in ADSCs.Results After transduction the hTERT RNA in Schwann ceils, TRAP-PCR test, PI-annexin V dying and S100 dying was positive.Conclusion Telomerase catalytic subunit(hTERT) is transduct into Schwann cells, and it can to enhance the prolifertative capacity.

Objective To investigate the function of SD rats Schwann cells on the growth and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) when they are co-cultured in Transwell culture system. Methods The ADSCs harvested from SD rats were divided into 3 groups. Group A: ADSCs and Schwann cells were cultured in Transwell indirect co-culture system. Group B: ADSCs were induced by β-BME and BHA. Group C: a contrast group. The morphology of ADSCs was observed and immunohistology was pedormed. Results ADSCs of group A and group B were partly differentiated to the cells which had long neurite,and had a positive result in the NF staining, but negative in the GFAP staining. Group A shows no great difference in neurite length compared with group B(P < 0.05), and no great difference in cell quantity compared with group C (P < 0.05). Conclusion Schwann cells of SD rat have a growth supportive and neuronal differentiation inducing effect on ADSCs.

The incidence of toxic keratopatby is increasing yearly.Due to the shortage of specific clinical manifestations,the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are relatively difficult,hence toxic keratopathy has received extensive attention of the domestic and abroad scholars.In recent years,with the development of ophthalmic examination technology and progress of instruments,its mechanism,diagnosis and treatment have been newly cognized.These three aspects will be reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate muli-leaf collimator (MLC)-defined small field output factors calculated by the treatment planning system (TPS), and to study the measuring method of small field output factors verified by 0.015 cc PinPoint ionization chamber.Methods Eight medical accelerators for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were investigated in Henan province, and TPS-calculated output factors for various small fields (6 cm ×6 cm,4 cm ×4 cm,3 cm ×3 cm and 2 cm ×2 cm) were compared with published values recommended by IAEA.If the relative deviation was more than ± 3％ for the 2 cm ×2 cm field size and ±2％ for the fields of 6 cm ×6 cm, 4 cm ×4 cm and 3 cm ×3 cm, which was beyond the scope of IAEA allowed, the output factors will be measured and verified using 0.015 cc PinPoint ionization chamber and Unidos electrometer.Results TPS-calculated small field output factors for eight medical accelerators were compared with published values.The relative deviation of small field output factors for five pieces of equipment, which accounted for 62.5％ of the total, met the IAEA's requirement, while the other three, which accounted for 37.5％ of the total, did not.After measuring with PinPoint ionization chamber, the results from only three pieces of equipment met minimum IAEA's requirement.Conclusions MLC-defined small field output factors calculated by TPS for some medical accelerators in Henan need to be measured and corrected using micro-ionization chamber, and the measured values could be taken as the basis of radiation treatment planning.

Objective To assess the dose reduction potential of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction(ASiR)and model-based iterative reconstruction(MBIR)in pelvic CT with a standard male phantom.Methods A Fluke Biomedical RANDO standard male phantom was scanned with discovery CT750 HD using different tube currents.CT images were reconstructed with FBP,50％ASiR and MBIR.The CT value,the image noise and the contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)for the sacral vertebra relative to muscle were measured.The volume CT dose indexes(CTDIvo1)and dose-length product(DLP)were recorded.Results Compared with FBP,using 50％ASiR and MBIR had significant reduced image noise and greater CNR.The effective minimal tube currents for displaying sacral vertebra were 250 mA(FBP),180 mA(50％ASiR),and 100 mA(MBIR).With the similar image quality using FBP,the dose was reduced by 28.0％ and 59.9％ using 50％ASiR and MBIR,respectively.Conclusions Using advanced iterative algorithms can reduce image noise,improve CNR,and reduce the radiation dose in pelvic CT examination.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of caffeine citrate on white matter damage in 2-day-old neonatal rats induced by postnatal infection.Methods Forty-eight 2-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (group A,n =16),lipopolysaccharide(LPS) infection group (group B,n =16),and caffeine citrate intervention group (group C,n =16) according to the random table method.The newborn rats of group B and C were continuously injected LPS 0.6 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 5 days from 2 days old,and the newborn rats of group A were continuously injected by an equal volume of 9 g/L saline intraperitoneally.Group C was continuously injected by caffeine citrate 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 7 days from 4 days old;equal volume of 9 g/L saline was injected into group A and B for 7 days continuously.At 12 days old,8 rats of each group were sacrificed randomly to evaluate the expression of myelin basic protein(MBP) subcortical white matter by immunohistochemical method.Both sides of hippocampus of the rest 8 rats of each group were taken out in ice surface rapidly.The left hippocampus was used to detect the expression of MBP and Caspase-3 by Western blot method,and the right hippocampus was used to evaluate the MBP and Caspase-3 protein level by quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR) method.Results The mean integral optical density (IOD) of subcortical MBP positive expression in group A,group B and group C were 132.64 ± 1.94,102.43 ± 2.12,114.25 ± 2.04,and the difference was statistically significant among 3 groups (F =22.912,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression levels of MBP mRNA of 3 groups in hippocampus were 0.79 ± 0.01,0.39 ± 0.03,0.55 ± 0.02,and the difference was statistically significant among 3 groups (F =18.584,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression levels of MBP protein of 3 groups in hippocampus were 0.64 ± 0.03,0.31 ± 0.03,0.51 ± 0.05,and the difference was statistically significant among 3 groups (F =25.780,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression levels of Caspase-3 mRNA of 3 groups in hippocampus were 0.34 ± 0.02,0.74 ± 0.03,0.57 ± 0.04,and the difference was statistically significant among 3 groups (F =6.105,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of Caspase-3 protein of 3 groups in hippocampus were 0.11 ± 0.03,0.36 ± 0.02,0.23 ± 0.03,and the difference was statistically significant among 3 groups (F =40.541,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Caffeine citrate has showed protective effect on white matter damage in neonatal rats of 2 days old induced by postnatal infection.The mechanism may be related to inhibition of inflammatory response and reducing apoptosis.