Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is common in patients with bowel or gynaecological canc-er. Although surgery is the primary treatment for most patients with MBO, it should not be undertaken rou-finely in patients with poor prognosis. Nasogastric drainage is only a temporary measure. Serf-expanding me-tallic stents are optimistic in malignant obstruction of the gastric outlet and proximal small bowel.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours(GISTs)are the most common primary mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract and the disease is occasional and asymptomatic. Though the high rate of recur- rence after surgery, operation remains the firstline treatment of the GIST without metabasis. With the consid- eration the molecular biology of tumor, the treatment including surgery and molecular targeted therapy can im- prove the prognosis of GISTs.

We have retrospectively analyzed the medical files of 86 consecutive patients who were diagnosed as cases of adrenal or extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma at Changhai hospital between 2001 and 2009. Patients with incidentally detected pheochromocytoma often had lower prevalence of hypertension and lower mean arterial blood pressure compared with those patients suspected of pheochromocytoma on clinical grounds.

Objective To study the expression of NM-23 ,PCNA,p53 and S-100 in colorectal cancer tissues and their relationship.Methods Three hundred and seventy eases of elderly eolorectal cancer were labelled with NM-23,PCNA,p53 and S-100 and staged by pTNM classification.Results The positive rates of NM-23,PCNA,p53 and S-100 were 74.9% ,60.3% ,58.1% ,68.1% respectively.In elderly group,the expression of NM-23 had a neg-ative correlation with that of PCNA (r = -0.101 ,P = 0.026).However the expression of NM-23 had a positive corre-lation with that of p53 (r =0.111 ,P =0.016 ),the expression of S-100 had a positive correlation with that of p53 (r=0.112,P = 0.015 ),the expression of S-100 had a positive correlation with that of PCNA (r =-0.229,P =0.000).Conclusions In the elderly patients,NM-23,p53 and S-100 were significantly correlated with the inva-sion,metastasis and prognosis of eoloreetal cancer.PCNA may be a stimulative factor in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer.NM-23 ,PCNA,p53 and S-100 can serve as effective markers in reflecting the invasion,metas-tasis and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma in the elderly.

Objective: To prepare and characterize the polyclonal antibody against KIAA0649 and identify the localization and the functional motif of KIAA0649. Methods: Three polypeptides were synthesized based on the bioinformatics analysis of KIAA0649 protein. New Zealand rabbits were immunized with the mixture of the three KIAA0649 peptides coupled with keyhole limpet hemocyanin ( KLH). The titer of the antisera was detected with ELISA. The antisera were purified with immuno-affinity chromatography when the titer reached 1:10~5. Western blot was performed with the purified antisera on the cell lysates of U2OS cells transfected with either Flag-KIAA0649 or KIAA0649-targeting siRNA. Immunofluorescence was performed with the purified antisera and anti-Flag antibody on the cells transfected with FlagKIAA0649. A series of Flag-K1AA0649 deletion mutants was constructed by PCR cloning. The cellular compartmentation of full-length Flag-KIAA0649 and its deletion mutants were analyzed with immunofluorescence. Results: The results of Western blot and immunofluorescence demonstrated that the antisera from the KIAA0649 polypeptides-immunized rabbits specifically recognized endogenous and exogenous KIAA0649. The full-length Flag-K1AA0649 displayed specific nuclear foci. The Flag-KIAA0649 deletion mutant containing PENF motif showed the same nuclear foci as the full length of Flag-KJAA0649, suggesting that the PENF motif could be the minimum functional motif of KIAA0649. Conclusion: We have obtained anti-KIAA0649 polyclonal antibody which will be useful for further investigation. The PENF motifcould be the minimum functional domain of KIAA0649.

Objective To cast light on the mechanisms governing anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and to evaluate the minichromosomes maintain protein (MCM) 5 and MCM7 expression in human normal thyroid (NT),papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC),and ATC samples,as well as in primary culture cells.Methods We tested the expression of MCM5,MCM7and PCNA in NT,PTC and ATC by immunohistochemistry.We used Western blot and Northern blot to test the expression of MCM5,and MCM7.ATC cells were transfected with MCM7 siRNA,and Western blot was used to examine the change of the expression of MCM7.Results In ATC samples,MCM5 had high expression in 65％ patients,and MCM7 had high expression in 73％ patients.The expression of MCM5 and MCM7 in NT and PTC samples were very low which can be ignored.In ATC cells,high MCM5 and MCM7 expression was paralleled by high levels of MCM2 and MCM6.Inhibition of MCM7 protein levels by small inhibitory duplex RNAs could reduce the rate of DNA synthesis in ATC cells.Conclusion MCM protein expression is upregulated in ATC and leads to excessive proliferation of ATC.

Objective To sum up the nursing experience of injection of sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agent for thyroid contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).Methods The clinical data of 413 cases who injected sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles as a contrast agent for CEUS were retrospectively analyzed.Nursing observation and coordination were done on the CEUS examination process,venous puncture technique,the correct configuration and use of sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles as contrast agents,operating process,the correct treatment of adverse reactions.Results The success rate of thyroid CEUS in 413 cases was 100％.After completion of the CEUS procedure,2 cases revealed slight dizziness,1 case with the contrast agent extravasation,others did not have adverse reactions such as dizziness,the contrast agent extravasation,skin rashes,itching,pain at the injection site.Conclusion The key nursing points including mastery of the whole CEUS process,operator's qualified venous puncture technique,the correct configuration and use of sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles for injection as contrast agent,careful nursing observation in the operating process and correctly treatment of adverse reactions are significant for enhancing success rate of thyroid CEUS and relieving relevant adverse effects.

Objective To obtain two types of optical isomers from 1-(Benzamidomethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline (BTIQ). Methods ( ±) BTIQ as raw materials , optically pure camphor sulfonic acid as resolution agent was used and repeated resolution in acetone , And the resolution product was detected by specific optical rotation .The product of BTIQ was hydrolyzed , and the ratio of ATIQ was compared with that of the literature .ResuIts After two repeated chemical resolutions , the specific rotations of both enantiomers are no longer changed .It was showed that the products of higher optical purity.The specific rotation of both isomers are -35.65°(CH2Cl2, C=0.5)with the yield of 27.52%,and +35.17°(CH2Cl2, C =0.5) with the yield of 31.55% respectively.The specific rotation value of chiral 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquino line ( ATIQ) which was the hydrolysis product of BTIQ consistent with values reported in the literature .ConcIusion The (-) BTIQ and ( +) BTIQ enantiomers were successfully obtained by the method of resolution , and the yield and optical purity of the obtained products are higher , laying the foundation for the further development of high efficiency , low toxicity of chiral schistosomicide ( praziquantel ) and other containing tetrahydroisoquinoline structure of chiral drugs .

Objective To explore if elemene can synergize tamoxifen through using non-cytotoxic dose of elemene and tamoxifen in combination on MCF-7cell line of breast cancer.Methods First,MCF-7 cell line was cultured in RPMI1640.Then,TAM's inhibitory effect united with elemene on MCF-7 cell line was analyzed by using CCK-8 test.Results When adding non-cytotoxic dose of elemene and curative dose of tamoxifen into the two experimental groups,the absorptivity in the two groups reduced notably,compared with that of the groups using tamoxifen alone;accordingly,the inhibition rate in two mixing groups increased obviously compared with that in single-drug groups.Conclusion Elemene of innocuous dose can remarkably enhance the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen,which indicates that elemene may synergize the effect of tamoxifen on breast cancer.

AIM: To explore a simple, reliable method for tissue processing and section staining by extracting DNA from the manually microdissectioned specimen, and to identify whether the extracted DNA is useful in the following study at molecule level. METHODS: The experiment was performed at the pathological laboratory of Guangdong Medical College from July 2004 to July 2007. The paraffin imbedding tissue sections of cervical cancer were thoroughly deparaffinized after mounted on slides for a long period of time. The nucleus was slightly stained with hematoxylin and microdissectioned under inverted microscope. The microdissectioned samples were put into EP tubes filled with digestion buffer to split the cells and then the DNA was extracted. During the whole course, PE tubes did not change, and the complicated phenol/chloroform extraction did not perform. The DNA extraction was rapid and simple. RESULTS: The DNA was measured by the spectrophotometer with concentrations from 0.14 to 5.25 g/L and absorbance values of A260/A280 were 1.6-1.8. All samples were amplified with PCR to produce expected length specific target fragment (231 bp). CONCLUSION: Rapid DNA extraction after manual tissue microdissection can produce adequate amount of DNA and maintain good quality of DNA template for PCR. The DNA meets the need of the following molecular experiments.