Objective To determine enantiomeric impurity of etomidate using high performance liquid chromatography. Methods (R)-etomidate and (S)-etomidate were isopropanol-n-hexane. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.5mL/min. The detected wavelength was 242nm. Results (R)-etomidate and (S)-etomidate could be separated completely under these conditions. The precision of (R)-etomidate was 1.57% (n=3). The limit of detection of (R)-etomidate was 4.25ng/mL. The average percentage content of (S)-etomidate was 0.09% in the samples. Conclusion The method was repeatable and sufficiently sensitive to determine the enantiomeric impurity of etomidate. It allows the quantitation of the impurities at the 0.085% (w/w) level relative to etomidate at a concentration of the test solution of 5mg/mL.

The pre-analytical process is the first key step in the total testing process of clinical laboratories,which will directly influence the accuracy and timeliness of testing results.Efficient preanalytical quality assurance system consists of scientific personnel structure,regular training and monitoring,bright and comfortable phlebotomy environment,advanced comprehensive phlebotomy facilities,strict biosafety practice in each procedure and harmonious relationship between clinicians/patients and laboratory.Besides,the application and monitoring of sound quality indicators in pre-analytical process will promote the improvement of quality and finally get the aim of assuring patients' safety.

Objective To compare the effects of loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP knife)and microwave on cervical erosion and study the nursing effects.Methods One hundred and fifty cases of cervical erosion patients from January to December 2013 in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group with 75 cases in each group.Patients in the observation group were treated with LEEP knife and the control group with microwave treatment.All patients were nursed conventionally.The operative time,blood loss and efficacy of two groups were analyzed.Result Patients in the observation group had less blood loss,shorter operation time and a better curative effect than the control group with statistical difference(all P<0.05).Conclusions Compared with microwave treatment,LEEP knife can effectively treat the cervical erosion.Preparation before operation,mental care and knowledge-related nursing are critical for the smooth manipulation of the operation.

Objective To study the effect of sandalwood essential oil on isolated ileum smooth muscle of guinea pigs and the small intestine movement function of mice.Methods We used the experiment method of isolating ileum smooth muscle of guinea pigs and intestine propulsion of carbon ink in mice.We constructed the models of healthy mice,neostigminetrested mice and adrenaline-loaded mice.Results Sandalwood essential oil had an inhibitory effect on the spontaneous movement of guinea pigs isolated ileum and an antagonistic action on intestinal spasm caused by acetylcholine,histamine and barium chloride(P

nal abnormalities of pediatric heart diseases.

Aim To investigate the effects of intrathecal levobupivacaine(LB)on substance P(SP)expression in spinal dorsal horn(L4~5)and the distal cerebrospinal fluid contacting neuron(dCSF-CN)in a rat model of formalin induced inflammatory pain.Methods Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats(290~310 g,Grade SPF)were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 in each.Rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital(40 mg?kg-1,ip)and then fixed in the stereotaxic instrument.A 3 ?l volume of 30% CB-HRP to trace dCSF-CN was injected into one of the rats'lateral ventricles.The animals kept alive,forty eight hours later artificial cerebrospinal fluid(ACSF)10 ?l and 0.5% LB 10 ?l(diluted with ACSF)were intrathecally injected in group ACSF and group LB respectively.Inflammatory pain was induced by formalin injection into left hind paw.Then nociception of the animals was assessed behaviorally with the formalin test.Two hours after formalin administration,rats were sacrificed with deeply anesthesia and transcardially perfused.L4~5 segments of spinal cord were removed for immunohistochemical SP-labeling.Brainstem segments containing dCSF-CN were removed for SP/CB-HRP dual-labeling with immunohistochemical procedures and colloidal gold immunoelectronmicroscopy.Results LB significantly reduced paw licking time in the formalin test(P 0.05vsbaseline,P

OBJECTIVE:To study the chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extraction portion of Polygonum bistorta,pro-vide scientific basis for the basic research of its effective substances. METHODS:Taking the ethyl acetate extraction portion of P. bistorta 95％ ethanol extract,positive phase and reversed phase column chromatography were used for repeated isolation and purifi-cation,and the structures of the purified compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties or spectral data. RE-SULTS:11 monomer compounds were isolated and identified as β-sitosterol(1),dihydromyricetin(2),quercetin(3),kaempferol (4),epicatechin(5),chlorogenic acid(6),rutin(7),gallic acid(8),1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-hydroxy-4-isopropyl-1-methylnaph-thalene-6-carboxylic acid (9),protocatechuic acid (10) and ellagic acid (11). CONCLUSIONS:The literature is confirmed that compound 2 is isolated from P. bistorta for the first time and compound 9 is isolated from Polygonum for the first time. The related research results have provided experimental references for further clarifying the effective substances of P. bistorta.

Objective To investigate the effect of JUC on the incisions for episiotomy.Methods Three hundred primiparas to undergo episiotomy in our hospital were divided into two groups in equal number.The experiment group was given JUC Spray before suturing and the control group did not use any solution.In the two groups,antibiotics were not used after the operation,and the incisions were only cleaned with 0.5%povidone-iodine 2 times a day.Result There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of postoperative pains,inflammation and healing in the wounds,and hospital stay(P<0.05).Conclusions Application of JUC after episiotomy could be long-acting in antibacteria.It can reduce wound pain,improve wound healing rate, decrease the medical cost and shorten the hospital stay.

Objective:To study deeply on the effects of sinomenine on Th1 type cytokines expression of T lymphocytes.Methods:The authors isolated and cultured the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice in vitro.The lymphocytes were stimulated with PDB and inomycin after added sinomenine in different concentrations for 1 hour.After 4 hours stimulation,cells were collected and stained intracellular cytokines with the dying regents,then the expression of Th1 type cytokine IFN-?,pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-? of T lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry.And also observed the effects of drugs on the expression of CD69,an early marker of T cell activation.Results:1 000 ?mol/L(329.4 ?g/ml)sinomenine can downregulate CD69 expression of T lymphocytes while 200 ?mol/L sinomenie show no effect on it.200,1 000,2 000 ?mol/L sinomenine can obviously reduce the expression of intracellular cytokines such as IFN-?,TNF-? in dose-dependent manner.Conclusion:One of the immunological mechanisms of sinomenine to treat rheumatoid arthritis may due to the inhibitory effects on abnormal T lymphoctytes activation.The inhibitory effects of sinomenine may mainly be relative to the inhibitory effects on Ca 2+ -dependant signal pathway of T lymphocytes activation but not PKC pathway.

[Objective]To observe the effects of total alkaloids (TA) of Tongbiling (TBL) prescription on proliferation of T lymphocytes and transferring receptor of T lymphocytes (CD71) in rats and to explore the mechanism of TBL in regulating cellular immunity. [Methods]Isolated lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph node were cultured with various concentrations of TBL TA and canavaline A (ConA) for 72 hours; the proliferation of T lymphocytes was observed by MTT method and CD71 expression rate of T lymphocyte activated by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) or ConA for 48 hours was detected by flow cytometry.[Results]Various concentrations of TBL TA inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes activated by ConA and decreased CD71 expression rate of T lymphocyte activated by ConA or PDB in a dose-effect manner. Inhibitory effect of TBL TA on CD71 expression rate of T lymphocyte activated by ConA was superior to that activated by PDB. [Conclusion]TBL TA can inhibit the abnormal proliferation of T lymphocytes and its mechanism may be related to the expression of CD71.