Objective Enterovirus 71(EV71) is one of the important etiologic agent for young children,which can cause various kind of diseases.EV71 can cause HFMD outbreak in a large scale and encephalmeningitis to death.This review introduced the research method and status of EV71 molecular epidemiology,examined and analyzed the evolution of EV71,summerized all genotype/subgenotype for EV71.the geographic and time distribution.

Enterovirus ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Humans ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

AIM:To observe the contents of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Liuwei Dihuang Pill(Radix Rehmanniae praeparata,Rhizoma Dioscoreae,Fructus Corni,Rhizoma Alismatis,etc.) from different manufacturers and explore their effects on quality of Liuwei Dihuang Pill.METHODS:Ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Liuwei Dihuang Pill were determined by HPLC-PAD method using Kromasil C_ 18 column(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m) as chromatographic column,methanol-water-phosphate(88∶12∶0.02) as the mobile phase at the rate of 1.0 mL/min.RESULTS:6.462-0.718 ?g of ursolic acid and 3.132-0.348 ?g of oleanolic acid presented a good linear relationship.The average recoveres were 99.73% and 97.59%,RSD were 1.5% and 1.7%,respectively.There were significant differences in the contents of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Liuwei Dihuang Pill from four different manufacturers.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid and feasible to set up determination of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Liuwei Dihuang Pill by HPLC-PAD.Although the contents of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid have significant differences in different manufactures,the results show good consistency in the content variation of the two acids.

Objective To comparatively analyze the differences of contraceptive situation of artificial abortion women between urban area and districts and counties in Chongqing City to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the family planning service strategy.Methods The Women Baseline Qestionnaire of Family Planning Service Survey and Study after Abortion provided by the Scientific and Technical Institute of National Population and Family Planning Commission was adopted to survey the contraceptive situation among women receiving artificial abortion in the outpatient department of our hospital and distric and county hopstials during 2015.Results (1)The age and marital status had no statistical difference between the two groups(P＞0.05);(2)no contraceptive measures adopted and confraceptive failure were main reasons causing artificial abortion,and there was no statistic difference between the two groups(P＞0.05);(3)the contraceptive measures adopted after artificial abortion were dominated by IUD,short acting oral contraceptive and condom,in which the women selecting the long termcontraceptive measures such as IUD and subdermal implant in the distric and county group was larger than that in the urban group,while the number of the women selecting the short term contraceptive measures such as condom and short term contraceptive drugs in the distric and county group were higher than those in the urban area group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The main reasons causing ar tificial abortion are low use rate of contraception measures,low efficiency of contraceptive modes,fluke minds existence or lack of understanding of contraceptive methods.But in general,the population selecting high efficiency contraceptive measures in the urban group is lower than that in the distric and county group.

Objective : To investigate the effect of aluminum exposure on expression of miR-497-5p, wingless murine breast cancer virus integration site family member 3a (Wnt3a), β-catenin protein, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) protein and tau protein in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, so as to provide insight into unraveling the mechanisms underlying aluminum exposure-induced abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein. Methods: PC12 cells were exposed to Al(mal)3 at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400 μmol/L for 24 h. The viability of PC12 cells was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The relative expression of miR-497-5p and Wnt3a was detected using a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay, and the expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, GSK-3β, P-GSK-3β (Ser9), tau and p-tau (Ser396) proteins were determined using Western blotting. Results : The viability of PC12 cells appeared a tendency towards a decline with the increase of aluminum dose (Ftrend=323.473, P=0.001). RT-qPCR assay detected that the relative miR-497-5p expression appeared a tendency towards a rise with the increase of aluminum dose (Ftrend=14.888, P=0.031), and the relative Wnt3a expression appeared a tendency towards a decline with the increase of aluminum dose (Ftrend=165.934, P<0.001). The miR-497-5p expression negatively correlated with the relative Wnt3a expression (r=-0.693, P=0.012). The expression of Wnt3a (Ftrend=357.656, P=0.001), β-catenin (Ftrend=208.750, P=0.001) and p-GSK-3β (Ser9) proteins (Ftrend=512.583, P<0.001) appeared a tendency towards a decline with the increase of aluminum dose, and the expression of GSK-3β (Ftrend=39.965, P<0.001), tau (Ftrend=277.929, P=0.006) and p-tau (Ser396) proteins (Ftrend=96.247, P=0.002) appeared a tendency towards a rise with the increase of aluminum dose. Conclusion Up-regulation of miR-497-5p and GSK-3β expression and down-regulation of Wnt3a and β-catenin expression may be a mechanism underlying aluminum exposure-induced abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of magnetic attachment keepers on MRI images.Me-thods:In in vitro part,keepers of MAGFIT EX 400,MAGFIT EX 600 and MAGNEDISC 800 magnetic attachment systems were cast into standard root-caps with different alloy respectively,including nickel-chromium alloy and gold-palladium alloy,or not be cast for contrast.In in vivo part,volunteers with keepers in different position and amount were included.All the specimens and volunteers were imaged by a Siemens SONATA 1.5-T MRI scanner.Extent of the artifacts in every slice was measured.The magnitude of the artifacts and the distortion of the anatomic structures were compared.Results:All kinds of keepers being studied produced obvious MRI artifacts.The extent of MRI artifacts induced by MAGFIT EX 400 keepers,MAGFIT EX 600 keepers and MAGNEDISC 800 keepers are 158.94 mm,168.52 mm and 173.00 mm,respectively.The images of mental region,tongue,palate,jawbone and sinus were evidently obscured by artifacts in all cases.When keeper was put in the molar region,the keeper-related MRI artifact may obscure the imaging of brain,spinal cord.SE sequence with right-left frequency-encoding direction was more desirable in MRI for the patients with magnetic attachment keepers.Conclusion:Keepers of magnetic attachment system did induce obvious artifacts in MRI examination.

Objective To study the expressions of metadherin (MTDH) and cyclinD1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and their clinical significances. Methods The protein expressions of MTDH and cyclinD1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 78 cases of ESCC. Results The positive expression rate of MTDH in ESCC was 71.79%(56/78) and the positive expression rate of cyclinD1 in ESCC was 74.36%(58/78). The expressions of MTDH and cyclinD1 were significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis (both P< 0.05), but not with the age, gender of patients and depth of tumor invasion (all P> 0.05). Conclusion The over expressions of MTDH and cyclinD1 protein may involve in the occurrence and development of esophageal carcinoma, which play important roles in the invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer.

By combing differe nt modelin g factors and evaluation indicators of experimental animals of polycystic o-vary syndrome (PCOS), application scope, advantages and disadvantages were analyzed among various kinds of animal models, in order to screen models of etiology and pathogenesis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Through the collection of 77 Chinese literatures published since 1979, the database on PCOS of modeling factors (i.e., animal species, age, modeling reagent and dose, etc.) and evaluation indicators (i.e., ovarian morphology and hormone levels) were established, analyzed and summarized. The results showed that the experimental PCOS models established by researchers both at home and abroad included androgen method, combination method of androgen with HCG, combi-nation method of progestrone with HCG, estrogen method, aromatic cyclase inhibitor method, combination method of HCG with insulin, combination method of androgen with insulin, insulin method, and etc. The SD and Wistar rats at the age of 3-50 days were commonly used. Chemicals, such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone propi-onate, sodium prasterone sulfate, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), levonorgestrel, estradiol valerate, letrozole, insulin and HCG were chosen to build the animal models. The evaluation indicators included ovarian morphology, the total num-ber of follicles at different levels, sex hormones (E2, P, T, FSH, LH) and insulin resistance (IR) index (FINS, FPG, HOMA). It was concluded that each modeling method described above had its own advantages and disadvantages, which cannot completely simulate clinical onset process of PCOS patients. Researchers should choose appropriate reagent and evaluation index according to different purpose. DHEA, DHT slow-release, progesterone combined with HCG modeling methods are more suitable for the study of the role of IR in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Kidney-defi-ciency and dampness-phlegm is fundamental etiology and pathogenesis of obese type of PCOS. DHEA method, com-bination method of levonorgestrel with HCG, aromatic cyclase inhibitor method conformed obese type of PCOS. The evaluation indicators included body weight, sex hormones, IR index and ovarian morphology. The method of kidney-tonifying and phlegm-reducing was often used in the treatment of obese type of PCOS in the clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of heat-sensitive point moxibustion in treating functional dyspepsia. Methods Fifty-six patients with functional dyspepsia were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 28 cases each. The treatment group received heat-sensitive point moxibustion and the control group took domperidone tablets. The symptoms were scored and plasma motilin was measured in the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results The total efficacy rate was 89.3% in the treatment group and 82.1% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the symptom score and plasma motilin in the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the symptom score and plasma motilin between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Heat-sensitive point moxibustion is an effective way to treat functional dyspepsia.

Objective:To comprehensively improve the quality of clinical nursing, survey the hospitalized pa-tient′s satisfaction and analyze the low satisfaction issues.Methods:Adopt the self-made questionnaire in four pri-mary hospitals.Results:Through the questionnaire analysis, understand the hospitalized patients to improve grass-roots hospital trusteeship overall satisfaction, but satisfaction to nursing technical operation, the life care is low. Logistic stepwise regression analysis, according to the results of nursing technical operation and health education are the main factors influencing the patients′satisfaction.Conclusion:Nursing managers should pay attention to the factors influencing patient satisfaction, and take corresponding corrective measures, improve the patient′s satisfac-tion, to further improve the reform of hospital custody.