Objective To investigate the Laboratory diagnostic value of COPD with congestive cardiac failure .The clinical signif‐icance on the combined detection of the serum B‐type natriuretic peptide(BNP) ,high sensitive C reactive protein (hs‐CRP) ,and he‐moglobin(Hb) in COPD with congestive cardiac failure .Methods The serum levels of BNP ,hs‐CRP and Hb in 205 patients with different etiological factors and grades(according to the pulmonary function test Ⅰ - Ⅳ) and 100 healthy controls were determined . The sensitivity and specificity of 3 parameters were evaluated .Results The levels of BNP ,hs‐CRP ,and Hb in different grades of COPD had statistical significance(P<0 .05) .In addition ,the grade was worse ,and its concentration was higher .The levels of BNP and Hb showed statistical significance between COPD I grade patients and healthy controls (P<0 .05) ,and the levels of hs‐CRP had no statistical significance between the healthy controls and COPD Ⅰgrade patients(P>0 .05) .The sensitivity of combined detection was 90 .2% in early COPD diagnosis ,which was higher significantly than that of the individual detection (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The significant clinical significance on the combined detection of the serum BNP ,hs‐CRP and Hb provides reference support in the diagnosis of early COPD .

Objective To explore the cytotoxicity of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induced by SW480 sonicate sensitized dendritic cells (DC) on the colon cancer cell line SW480. Methods PBMC were separated from the HLA-A*0201 donor and DC were cultured with rhGM-CSF, rhIL-4 and rhTNF-α. The same donor's primary CTL were stimulated by DC loaded with SW480 sonicate. The cytotoxicity of CTL on SW480 (HLA-A*0201 positive) and K562 (HLA-A*0201 negative) was determined by the MTT method. Results The cytotoxicity of the CTL on SW480 was stronger than that on K562 (P ＜0.05). Conclusion The DC vaccine can stimulate specific CTL which can trigger cytotoxic activity on the target cells and this cytotoxicity is related to MHC restriction.

Objective To study the expressions of metadherin (MTDH) and cyclinD1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and their clinical significances. Methods The protein expressions of MTDH and cyclinD1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 78 cases of ESCC. Results The positive expression rate of MTDH in ESCC was 71.79%(56/78) and the positive expression rate of cyclinD1 in ESCC was 74.36%(58/78). The expressions of MTDH and cyclinD1 were significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis (both P< 0.05), but not with the age, gender of patients and depth of tumor invasion (all P> 0.05). Conclusion The over expressions of MTDH and cyclinD1 protein may involve in the occurrence and development of esophageal carcinoma, which play important roles in the invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of DRD1 rs265981,rs4532,rs686 and rs265976 polymorphisms on response to clozapine in resistant schizophrenic patients.Methods DRD1 genotype was determined by SNaPshot SNP technique for 154 patients with resistant schizophrenia.Clinical symptoms were evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS),and the responder was defined as a reduction of 50％ on PANSS score from baseline after the patients were administered orally clozapine for 8 weeks.Results The frequencies of rs265981 genotypes,alleles and rs265976 genotypes had significant differences between clozapine responder group (88 cases) and nonresponder group(66 cases) in total clinical efficacy ( x2 =10.215,P =0.004 ; x2 =4.082,P =0.041 ; x2 =14.083,P =0.007 ).The frequencies of rs265976 genotypes had significant differences between clozapine response (58 cases) and nonresponse (96 cases) to negative symptom ( x2 =9.805,P =0.046).Conclusion The polymorphisms of DRD1 gene rs265981 and rs265976 may relate with clinical response to clozapine in resistant schizophrenias.rs265981 T/T,allele T and rs265976 genotype A/A are likely to be predictive factors to the improvement of total clozapine therapeutic effects.rs265976 genotype A/A are likely to be predictive factors of negative symptom with treatment of clozapine.

The physical chemistry is one of the important basic courses for pharmaceutical speciality.This article explores the teaching reform of physical chemistry for pharmaceutical speciality from five aspects,such as the teacher's professional quality,the teaching content,the teaching method,the experiment teaching as well as the evaluating method.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of carboprost and Foley catheter for the expand cervix before hys-teroscopic electric resection. METHODS:80 patients with hysteroscopic operation were randomly divided into research group and control group. Research group was placed inside the vagina carboprost 1 mg 30 minutes before operation;control group was placed inside the Foley catheter 12 hour before operation. The relaxation degree of the cervix,average operative time,preoperative pain, postoperative morbidity and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:There were no significant differ-ences in the relaxation degree of the cervix,postoperative morbidity and incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05). The average operative time and preoperative pain in research group were significantly better than control group,the differ-ence was statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Carboprost and Foley catheter have good efficacy and safety for ex-pand cervix before hysteroscopic electric resection,however,carboprost is better than Foley catheter in terms of average operative time and preoperative pain.

BACKGROUND:Abnormal immunological function is possibly observed after cardiac valve replacement. However, effect of continuous venovenous hemofiltration on immunological function after cardiac valve replacement is rarely reported.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of continuous venovenous hemofiltration on the cellular immune function in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after cardiac valve replacement.
METHODS:Thirty-one patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after cardiac valve replacement in Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, from August 2008 to July 2009, were included in this study. They were treated with continuous venovenous hemofiltration using AV600 hemofilter and were divided into two groups:survival group (17 survivors) and death group (14 deaths). In addition, 16 healthy blood donors served as the control group.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The duration of acute renal failure before continuous venovenous hemofiltration of survival group was significantly lower than that of death group (P<0.05). Before continuous venovenous hemofiltration, the CD4+/CD8+ratio and Th1/Th2 ratio of survival group and death group were lower than that of control group (P<0.05), and lymphocyte apoptosis rate and Fas/FasL antigen expression were higher than that of control group (P<0.05). This evidence suggested the presence of immunosuppression state and Th1/Th2 disbalance. During continuous venovenous hemofiltration, the CD4+/CD8+ratio and Th1/Th2 ratio of survival group were gradual y increased (P<0.05), while lymphocyte apoptosis rate and Fas/FasL antigen expression were gradual y decreased (P<0.05) at 24 hours. The above changes were observed in both survival group and death group, but emerged latter in death group. Continuous venovenous hemofiltration can improve cellular immune function, maintain the balance of T lymphocyte subsets and Th1/Th2, down-regulate Fas/FasL expression on the surface of lymphocyte membrane, and decrease lymphocyte apoptosis rate in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after cardiac valve replacement. Early continuous venovenous hemofiltration can improve patients’ prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of estrogen on mismatch repiar gene expression in colonic mucosa in vivo. Methods A total of 42 healthy individuals underwent colonoscopy were enrolled in the study. Half an hour before colonoscopy examination, blood sample was taken for determining the serum estradiol (E2) level. N ormal colonic mucosal tissues determined by naked eye under colonoscopy examination were taken in the right hemi colon to detect HMLH1 and hMSH2 gene expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining. Then the correlation of serum E2 levels with hMLH1 and hMSH2 expression in colonic mucosa was analyzed. Results A bimodal curve was presented for the correlation between serum E2 level in healthy individuals and hMLH1 expression in colonic mucosa. A strong positive correlation of E2 level with hMLH1 expression in normal colonic mucosa was observed when serum E2 level was more than 45 pg/ml (For mRNA, P=0. 003, r=0. 701; for immunohistochemistry positivity index, P=0. 000, r=0. 874).However there was no correlation between E2 level and hMSH2 expression. Conclusion High serum E2 level might increase the hMLH1 gene expression in colonic mucosa in vivo.

Objective To study the relationship between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and positive IgA antibodies of EB virus nuclear antigen 1 (NA),EB virus capsular antigen (VCA) and EB virus Zta protein.Methods The serum EB virus VCA-IgA,NA1-IgA and Zta-IgA antibody in 17 175 cases were detected by ELISA.782 cases of EB virus antibody-positive subjects were further given nasopharyngeal CT imaging,electronic nasopharyngoscopy.Finally confirmed by biopsy and immunohistochemistry.Comparison of serology results EB antibody-positive individual,while the two antibody-positive and antibody while three positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection rate,combined with evaluation of EB virus antibody detection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma screening value of high-risk groups.Results 17 175 cases of medical groups,the EB virus antibodies were detected in 782 cases,with the most positive individual,accounting for 535 cases (68.41％),nasopharyngeal cancer diagnosed in 15 cases (2.80％);two antibody positive while 213 cases (27.24 ％),diagnosed 49 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (23.00％);least three antibody positive while only 34 cases (4.35％),nasopharyngeal cancer diagnosed 18 patients (52.94％);by physical examination,in 16,393 cases of EB virus antibody negative population by nasopharyngoscopy and throat CT and other medical examination,the final diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in 6 cases (0.04％).Conclusion Three EB virus antibody combined detection greatly improves the rate of nasopharyngeal cancer diagnosis;we must also do other physical examination to prevent EB virus antibody-negative nasopharyngeal crowd missed.

Objective To evaluate the effect of emulsified isoflurane postconditioning on nuclear factor?E2 related factor 2 ( Nrf2 )?antioxidant response element ( ARE ) signaling pathway during myocardial ischemia?reperfusion ( I∕R ) in rats in vitro. Methods Healthy male Sprague?Dawley rats, aged 4-5 months, weighing 250-300 g, were heparinized and anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1% amobarbital sodium 40 mg∕kg. Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K?H solution. Thirty?two isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each ) using a random number table: control group (group C), group I∕R, emulsified isoflurane postconditioning group (EIP group) and fat emulsion group ( group F) . After 20 min of equilibration, group C was continuously perfused with K?H solusion for 100 min. Group I∕R underwent 40 min of ischemia at 32 ℃, followed by reperfusion for 60 min. In EIP and F groups, after undergoing 40 min of global ischemia, the isolated hearts were perfused for 2 min with K?H solution containing 1.68 mmol∕L emulsified isoflurane and 712 mg∕L intralipid, respectively, starting from the onset of reperfusion, and then were continuously perfused with K?H solution containing oxygen at 37 ℃ for 58 min. Heart rate (HR), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end?diastolic pressure ( LVEDP ) , and positive maximal pressure of left ventricular increase (+dp∕dtmax ) were recorded at the end of equilibration and reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, myocardial specimens were obtained from the left ventricle for examination of the ultrastructure of myocardial cells and for determination of Nrf2, heme oxygenase?1 ( HO?1) , quinone oxidoreductase 1 ( NQO1) , and superoxide dismutase 1 ( SOD1) and mRNA expression using Western blot and real?time PCR. Results Compared with group C, HR, +dp∕dtmax and LVDP were significantly decreased, and LVEDP was increased at the end of reperfusion in I∕R and F groups, LVDP was significantly decreased, LVEDP was increased, and no significant changes were found in HR and +dp∕dtmax at the end of reperfusion in EIP group, and Nrf2, HO?1, NQO1 and SOD1 and mRNA expression was down?regulated at the end of reperfusion in I∕R, EIP and F groups. Compared with group I∕R, HR, +dp∕dtmax and LVDP were significantly increased, and LVEDP was decreased at the end of reperfusion in EIP and F groups, Nrf2, HO?1, NQO1 and SOD1 and mRNA expression was significantly up?regulated at the end of reperfusion in EIP group, and Nrf2, HO?1, NQO1 and SOD1 mRNA expression was significantly up?regulated, Nrf2 and HO?1 expression was up?regulated, and no significant changes were found in NQO1 and SOD1 expression at the end of reperfusion in group F. Compared with group EIP, HR, +dp∕dtmax and LVDP were significantly decreased, LVEDP was increased, and Nrf2, HO?1, NQO1 and SOD1 and mRNA expression was down?regulated in group F. Conclusion Emulsified isoflurane postconditioning attenuates myocardial I∕R injury probably by activating Nrf2?ARE signaling pathway in isolated rat hearts.