Objective To analyse the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with myopathies that were misdiag-nosed as myasthenia gravis because of external ophthalmoplegia ,widen the thoughts for differential diagnosis of extraocular muscle paralysis .Methods The clinical and pathological features of 11 myopathy cases with ptosis and diplopia admitted to the neurology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between October 2010 and May 2014 were retrospec-tively reviewed and analyzed .Results Among the 11 patients ,6 male and 5 female ,aged 16-66 years old .All had paralysis of ex-traocular muscle manifestations ,including oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy(OPMD) in 3 cases ,oculopharyngeal distal myopa-thy in 2 cases ,chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia(CPEO) in 6 cases .Muscle biopsy showed the characteristic pathologi-cal changes .Statistical analysis showed that the age of onset in OPMD patients was older(P<0 .05) ,creatine kinase level in oculo-pharyngeal distal myopathy patients was higher ,but the difference was not significant (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Certain rare myopa-thy should be considered for patients with external ophthalmoplegia seemingly myasthenia gravis .Muscle biopsy can provide clue for differential diagnosis .

Objective To observe the effect of Ganshu Granule on different models of fatty liver in rats. Methods Rats with acute fatty liver induced by alcohol and carbon tetrachloride, rats with chronic fatty liver induced by alcohol and high-fat diet, and rats with acute fatty liver induced by ethionine were used, and the effects of different doses of Ganshu Granule on serum lipid metabolism, intrahepatic lipid metabolism and histopathological changes in liver were observed. Results In fatty liver rats induced by alcohol and carbon tetrachloride, Ganshu Granule could reduce the level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum and could decrease total fat and glycogen(Gn) in liver obviously. In fatty liver rats induced by alcohol and high-fat diet, Ganshu Granule could significantly decrease the level of TC, TG, ALP, LDL and ALT in serum and could reduce the content of total fat, TG and Gn in liver obviously. In fatty liver rats induced by ethionine, Ganshu Granule could decrease the level of TC, TG and ALT in serum, raise the level of HDL in serum and could decrease the content of total fat, TG and Gn in liver obviously. The histopathologic results showed the degree of hepatic steatosis and hepatocellular necrosis were lessened in all of the treated groups. Conclusion Ganshu Granule is effective in preventing and treating fatty liver.

Independent component algorithm (ICA) is a method of higher-order statistics(HOS) with the study objects of multivariate random signals that are mutual independent. It aim is to transform multivariate random signal into the signal having components that are mutually independent in complete statistical sense. This article briefly introduce series of the ICA algorisms including second order blind identification, multiple unknown source extraction algorithm based on second-order statistics, as well as Informax, modified Informax, fast fixedpoint ICA and joint approximative diagonalization of eigenmatrix (JADE) algorithm that are based on HOS. At the end of the article, the performance of each algorithm is compared and its application prospect is forecasted.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differential gene expression profiles in patients with blood stasis syndrome by oligonucleotide microarray technique. METHODS: Sixteen patients with blood stasis syndrome were divided into patients with coronary heart disease (CAD) (n=8) and non-CAD patients (n=8) by using coronary angiography. The sex- and age-matched eight healthy persons were enrolled as control group. Venous bloods were collected for extracting RNA. Test-3 chip was first employed to examine the quality of samples. Then the samples were hybridized with Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 array to compare the gene expression profiles among the three groups. Gene-array scanner and gene chip operating software were applied to screen hybridization signals and analyze gene expression respectively. Based on the comparison of the three groups of samples, the differential genes related with blood stasis syndrome were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway, and confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Forty-eight differential genes were found being associated with blood stasis syndrome, including 26 up-regulated genes and 22 down-regulated genes. Five of the forty-eight genes (10.4%) were related to inflammatory reaction and immune response through the GO analysis. In the pathway analysis, five of ten significant pathways were referred to inflammation and immune response. The results of real-time RT-PCR proved the accuracy of the gene chip. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory- and immune-related genes have a remarkable predominance in blood stasis syndrome gene expression profiles, which may explain the function of inflammation and immune response in the occurrence and development of blood stasis syndrome.

Objective To investigate the water source contamination in Jiangsu Province. Methods Using blowing and arresting device and GC-MS, 90 water samples collected from 15 city drinking water sources in Jiangsu Province were analyzed. Results The main detected compounds were 1, 2-dichloroethane, chloroform, benzene, trichloroethene, toluene, tetrachloroethene, chlorobenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene, 1, 4-dichlorobenzene, 1, 2-dichlorobenzene, 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene and hexachlorobutadiene, while 1, 1-dichloroethene, trans-1, 2-dichloroethene, cis-1, 2-dichloroethene, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromoform, isopropylbenzene, 1, 2, 3-trichlorobenzene and styrene were not found. The highest concentration of 1, 2-dichloroethane was 27.79 ?g/L, which was close to the limit of surface water. It should be noticed that the detected concentrations of chlorobenzene in water source of district 3 and water source of district 4 were a little higher. Compared with the others, in water source of district 1, water source of district 9 and water source district of 14 a higher concentration of toluene and xylene were detected and the concentration of benzene in water source of district 1, water source of district 2, water source of district 3 and water source district 4 was higher. Only in water source of district 13, none of 25 volatile organic compounds was detected. Conclusion Some drinking water sources have been contaminated by volatile organic compounds in Jiangsu Province.

Objective: To prepare a functional chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for minocycline-HCl gelatin microspheres and observe its effects on repairing experimental rats gingivitis. Methods: Minocycline-HCl gelatin microspheres were prepared by using gelatin as core material and emulsion crosslinking method, then the latter was incorporated into the chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel. Established an experimental gingivitis model in SD rats and to observe the effect of hydrogel on gingivitis. Results: Microspheres thermosensitive hydrogel had obviously sustained effects on gingivitis. Results showed that GI,PD in experiment group were significantly improved. Conclusion: The chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel loading of minocycline-HCl gelatin microspheres have antiphlogistic effects on experimental rats gingivitis.

Objective To study the value of the new method of abdominal wall low frequency vibration (AWLFV) by prenatal ultrasound in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of placenta membranacea (PM).Methods Thirty-six cases of abnormal placenta were enrolled into the study.AWLFV was used in all 36 cases.The vibration was conducted with a frequency of 3 to 5 times per second and a duration less than 3 seconds at a time.And then the placenta was immediately observed to record the placenta echogenicity changes,and in the same place the thickness of the placenta was measured.The echo characteristics of PM and other abnormal placenta was compared.Results Thirty-six cases were finally diagnosed as complete PM in 2 cases,partial PM in 16 cases,placental sinus in 15 cases,and placental chorionic hemangioma in 3 cases.The echo characteristics of complete and partial PM were obviously different before and after AWLFV on ultrasonic image.The homogeneous echotexture of PM before AWLFV was changed immediately to the inhomogeneous echotexture after AWLFV.The spiral shape of the placenta was displayed.And in other plasentaI anomalies this feature was not observed before and after vibration.Conclusion The AWLFV is an effective method in diagnosis and differentiation of PM.

Objective:To explore the effect of continuous pumping normal saline at same infusion speed before flushing or sealing the tube on the hemodynamics of patients with hypovolemic shock receiving norepinephrine.Methods:A total of 56 cases of hypovolemic shock patients receiving norepinephrine via micro-pump were randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group (28 cases in each group). Patients in the control group received conventional operation method to flush or seal the tube, while patients in the observation group continued pumping normal saline at the same infusion speed, followed by flushing or sealing the tube based on the control group. The changes of hemodynamics after flushing or sealing the tube was compared between two groups.Results:After 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 5 min of flush or seal the tube, the systolic blood pressure were (105.4±17.4) mmHg, (106.3±21.3) mmHg, (102.1±14.5) mmHg, (100.6±16.9) mmHg, (101.0±14.3) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), mean arterial blood pressure were (81.1±8.6) mmHg, (82.4±9.9) mmHg, (78.6±7.3) mmHg, (76.9±6.7) mmHg, (75.7±6.5) mmHg in the observation group, lower than those in the control group [(150.6±26.7) mmHg, (151.8±30.1) mmHg, (139.7±29.8) mmHg, (125.3±25.3) mmHg, (114.4±21.6) mmHg and (107.4±11.6) mmHg, (106.1±11.5) mmHg, (98.1±11.1) mmHg, (88.9±9.6) mmHg, (79.5±8.0) mmHg], the differences were statically significant ( P<0.05). After 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min of flush or seal the tube, the diastolic blood pressure were (69.0±10.50)mmHg, (70.5±10.7)mmHg, (66.9±8.3)mmHg, (65.1±6.2)mmHg in the observation group, lower than those in the control group [(85.9±11.6) mmHg, (83.3±8.7) mmHg, (77.3±7.4)mmHg, (70.7±7.2) mmHg], the differences were statically significant ( t value was 10.199-18.464, P<0.05). Conclusions:Before flushing or sealing the tube, continue pumping normal saline at same infusion speed can reduce the risk of abnormal hemodynamics for the hypovolemic shock patients receiving norepinephrine via micro-pump.

Objective To compare the measured resting energy expenditure (MREE) in patients with sepsis calculated using respiratory indirect calorimetry and Harris-Benedict (HB) coefficient method,and to investigate the influence of different energy target on the prognosis of patients with sepsis.Methods This was a prospective comparative study.60 patients with sepsis who were suitable for nutrition support and respiratory indirect calorimetry in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January to October 2015 were selected.(1) MREE was measured simultaneously with respiratory indirect calorimetry and HB coefficient (Harris-Benedict equation × stress coefficient) in the 60 patients on the 0,3rd,7th,and 14th days of nutrition support.The MREE calculated with the two methods were compared to detect difference.(2) The septic patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table:respiratory indirect calorimetry group (n =30),in which the nutrition support was given according to the MREE measured using respiratory indirect calorimetry as the energy target;HB coefficient method group (n =30),in which the nutrition support energy target was the MREE measured using HB coefficient method.The clinical data of the patients in both groups were recorded and compared,which included the baseline characteristics,nutrition-related complications,and prognostic indicators.Results (1) Within 2 weeks during nutrition support,the dynamic MREE in the respiratory indirect calorimetry group was significantly higher than that in the HB coefficient method group (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in MREE on the 0,3rd,7th,and 14th days of nutrition support measured by respiratory indirect calorimetry (P ＞ 0.05).(2) There were no significant differences between the two groups in incidence of liver function damage and abnormal blood glucose within 2 weeks of nutrition support (both P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the HB coefficient method group,the length of ICU stay and 28-day mortality were significantly lower in the respiratory indirect calorimetry group [193.5 (172.2,289.7) h vs.247.5 (194.7,393.2),Z=-2.061,P=0.039;3.3％ vs.23.3％,x2 =5.129,P=0.023],but there was no significant difference between the two groups in mechanical ventilation time (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The MREE of septic patients may be considerably high and with little fluctuation in a short period.Respiratory indirect calorimetry may be more suitable to guide the energy intake target in septic patients.

Objective To study the effects of inhibiting forkhead transcription factor O1 (FoxO1)expression by small interference RNA (siRNA) on the glucose utilization of insulin resistant HepG-2 cell line and the mechanism.Methods FoxO1 gene-targeted siRNA vector,which carried a red fluorescence,was constructed and then confirmed by DNA sequencing.HepG-2 cells were induced to a status of insulin resistance by being exposed to 10-6 mol/L insulin for 24 h.The study included 4 groups: HepG-2 cell group cultured with normal medium (group A) ; insulin resistant HepG-2 cell group (group B) ; insulin resistant HepG-2 cell group into which FoxO1 siRNA vector was transfected (group C) ; insulin resistant HepG-2 cell group into which Lipofectamine2000 was added (group D).The transfection efficiency could be estimated by observing the expression of red fluorescence.The expression of FoxO1 mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR.The expressions of IRS-2 and tyrosine phosphorylation were detected by Western blot and immunoprecipitation.Results FoxO1 gene-targeted siRNA vector was built successfully.The expression of red fluorescence was the strongest at 48 h after transfection.Compared with group A,the glucose consumption and the expression of IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation of group B were decreased (P<0.01),and expression of FoxO1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in group B.There was no difference in the expressions of IRS-2 protein between A and B groups.Compared with group B,the expression of FoxOl mRNA was decreased (P < 0.01),and the glucose consumption and expression of IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation were significantly increased (P<0.05) in group C.There was no difference between group D and group B in glucose consumption, FoxO1 mRNA, IRS-2 protein and IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation expressions.Conclusions Inhibiting the expression of FoxO1 gene in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells seems to improve insulin sensitivity by feedback regulating the IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation expressions.