Obesity is a severely public health problem the whole society faces, and it is correlated closely with many diseases, such as diabetesⅡ, hypertension, coronary heart disease,gallstone, and so on. Therefore it threatens people's survival quality severely. Obesity is a multiple-factor disease including genetic, metabolic and behavioral factor, and the gene is the main determining factor. With the development of molecular biology technique, people have founded several genes involved in obesity. Among these genes, the research on obese gene is the most profound. The protein leptin is the expression product of the obese gene. This review elucidates the structure, the main biological function, the mechanism of leptin and it's relationship with obesity.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of anisodamine combined with oxytocin on labor process of lying-in women with prolonged active phase in the first labor process and related indicators of newborns. METHODS:216 lying-in women with pro-longed active phase in the first labor process were randomly divided into control group(108 cases)and observation group(108 cas-es). All lying-in women were artificially ruptured,based on it,control group was given 2.5 u Oxytocin for injection,adding into 500 ml 5% Glucose injection by intravenous infusion,the drip rate was appropriately adjusted based on contractions;observation group was additionally given 10 mg raceanisodamine hydrochloride,adding into 10 ml 5% Glucose injection by intravenous infu-sion by 5 min slow intravenous injection. The fetal heart was warded to closely observe the labor process during medication. The cervical maturity,labor process time,delivery mode and postpartum situation of lying-in women,Apgar score,body mass and inci-dence of adverse reactions of newborn in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The lying-in women cases with no less than 9 cervi-cal maturity,natural delivery rate and 5 min newborn Apgar score in observation group were significantly higher than control group, lying-in women cases with 7-9 scores and less than 7 scores,cesarean section rate,perineal/ straight cut rate and 24 h postpartum hemorrhage were significantly lower than control group,the second,the third and total labor process were significantly shorter than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in the time of incubation period and active period,forceps delivery rate,body mass of newborn and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Anisodamine combined with oxytocin can accelerate the cervical dilation of lying-in women with pro-longed active phase,shorten labor process,reduce cesarean section rate and improve prognosis,it did not affect the body mass of newborns,with good safety.

Objective To explore the effect of curcumin on the activity and migration of as well as c-kit mRNA expression in melanocytes.Methods Human epidermal melanocytes were isolated from the prepuce in adolescents and subjected to primary culture.To estimate the effect of curcumin on the proliferative activity of melanocytes, some melanocytes were randomly divided into several groups to be cultured in the MelM-2 medium with or without the presence of 5, 10, 20 or 30 μmol/L curcumin, the MelM-2 medium containing curcumin of 5-30 μmol/L served as the drug control groups, and the MelM-2 medium without curcumin served as the blank control group.After 24 and 48 hours of culture, MTS assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative activity of melanocytes.Some cultured melanocytes were randomly divided into 4 groups to be cultured in the MelM-2 medium with 0, 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L curcumin respectively for 48hours.Then, wound scratch assay was conducted to estimate the migratory activity of melanocytes, and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR to quantify the mRNA expression of c-kit in melanocytes.Statistical analysis was carried out by factorial design analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA and least significant difference (LSD)-t test.Results The proliferative activity of melanocytes was significantly decreased at 24 and 48 hours in the 30-μmol/L curcumin group compared with the negative control group (0.783 ± 0.053 vs.1.000 ± 0.018 at 24 hours, 0.637 ± 0.015 vs.0.993 ± 0.064 at 48 hours, both P ＜ 0.05), while no significant differences were observed between the other curcumin groups and the negative control group (all P ＞ 0.05).The 48-hour treatment with curcumin could significantly inhibit the migration of melanocytes in the 5-, 10-and 20-μmol/L curcumin groups compared with the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression level of c-kit was also significantly reduced at 48 hours in the 5-, 10-and 20-μmol/L curcumin groups compared with the control group (1.799 ± 0.372, 1.539 ± 0.224 and 1.026 ± 0.038 vs.3.371 ± 0.352, all P ＜0.05).Conclusion Curcumin at low concentrations (≤ 20 μmol/L) has no obvious cytotoxicity against melanocytes, but can inhibit the migration of and c-kit mRNA expression in melanocytes, while curcumin at 30 μmol/L can promote the apoptosis of melanocytes.

Objective To study the expression of programmed death 1(PD-1) on the peripheral T lymphocytes and the serum cytokine levels in different phases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (immune tolerance,immune clearance and non-replicating phases).Methods A total of 105 HBV infected patients in different phases of infection were enrolled in Wuxi No.5 People's Hospital from Apr to Sep 2011,and divided into three groups:the immune tolerance group (35 cases),the immune clearance group (35 cases) and the non-replicating group (35 cases).Meanwhile,20 healthy people were enrolled as controls.The peripheral blood was collected and PD-1 expressions on the surface of T lymphocytes were assessed by flow cytometry.The cytokine levels in different groups were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The data were analyzed by t test and Pearson correlation analysis.Results The PD-1 expression on surface of CD8+ T lymphocytes of HBV infected patients was (12.35± 3.48)％,which was significantly higher than healthy control group [(4.65±1.21) ％] (t=9.76,P＜0.01).The PD-1 expression on CD4+ T lymphocytes was (4.95±2.87) ％,which was not significantly different from the healthy controls [(4.08±2.14) ％] (t =1.29,P＞0.05).The PD-1 expressions on CD8+ T lymphocytes of patients in the immune tolerance group,the immune clearance group and the non-replicating group were (15.87±3.18)％,(7.69±3.64)％and (10.12±2.84) ％,respectively; that in the immune tolerance group was higher than the immune clearance group (t=10.01,P＜0.01) and that in healthy control group was lower than those in the other 3 groups (t=15.12,3.61 and 8.17,respectively; all P＜0.01).The PD-1 expression on the surface of CD8+ T lymphocytes in chronic HBV infected patients was positively correlated with the serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) level (γ=0.377,P＜0.05),while that was negatively correlated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) level (r=-0.620,P＜0.05).Conclusions PD-1 is up-regulated on the surface of CD8+ T lymphocytes from chronic HBV infected patients.And PD-1 is negatively correlated with serum IFN-γ levels and positively correlated with serum IL-10 levels.The expression of PD-1 on the surface of CD8+ T lymphocytes influences the balance of helper T cell (Th)1/Th2,which might play a role in the persistence of HBV infection.

Objective To investigate the role of natural killer cells (NK cells) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods Blood samples and liver biopsies from 108 CHB patients including 43 mild, 28 moderate and 37 severe CHB patients were collected. The levels of interferon (IFN) gamma in liver tissues and peripheral blood were detected by intracellular cytokine staining.The data were analyzed by t test. Results The levels of IFN gamma produced by NK cells in liver tissues and peripheral blood of patients with severe CHB were (8. 12±4. 26) % and (4. 59±2. 95) % ,respectively, which were significantly higher than those in patients with mild CHB [(3. 53±1. 56)%and (2. 26±0.61)%, respectively; t=3. 80 and t = 4. 30, respectively; both P<0. 05] and those in patients with moderate CHB [(4. 59±1. 98)% and (2. 48±1. 05)%, respectively;t=2. 62 and t =3. 28, respectively; both P<0. 05]. While there were no differences of IFN gamma produced by NK cells both in liver tissues and peripheral blood between mild and moderate CHB patients (t=0. 99 and t=1. 27, respectively; both P>0. 05). The levels of IFN gamma produced by NK cells in liver tissues and blood samples in severe phase of severe CHB were (10. 02 ± 4. 15)% and (6. 78 + 2. 91)%, respectively, those in recovery phase were (6. 13±2. 01)% and (3. 13± 1. 52)%, respectively (t = 1. 89 and t=1. 74, respectively; both P<0. 05]. Conclusion NK cells may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of severe CHB.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for rapid identification and efficient preparation of main ingredients in effective parts of Xinjiang Artemisia rupestris,and provide reference for researching the ethnic medicines. METHODS:LC-HRMS/MS was conducted for the preliminary study of main ingredients in effective parts of A. rupestris. HPLC,UV and MS were used to compare and analyze parts of the compounds and its reference substances,their names were determined. Column separation and preparative liquid chromatography were used for the undetermined compounds to receive monomer rapidly,and the structures were identified. RESULTS:5 compounds were separated from the effective parts,2 of which were identified as artemetin and casticin. A monomer-ic compound was obtained (yield was 0.35 mg/g,the purity was 98.5%),which was confirmed to be 6-demethoxy-4′-O-me-thoxy-capillarisin-7-O-β-D-glucoside by the structure. CONCLUSIONS:The method has achieved rapid separation,identification and preparation of target ingredients,which can be used for the fundamental research of ethnic medicine complex materials.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Xianrengu oral liquid. METHODS:Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used for qualitative identification of Epimedii Folium,Astragali Radix,lycium barbarum,Atractylodes macrocephala and Panax ginseng in Xianrengu oral liquid;RP-HPLC was preformed on the column of Dikma Diamonsil C18 with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (30∶70,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 270 nm,the temperature was 30℃and the volume was 10μl. RESULTS:TLC identification had good separation,clear spots and high specifica-tion. The linear range of icariin was 7.97-510.00 μg/ml(r=0.999 3);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 0.83%;and the average recovery was 97.69%(RSD=1.30%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:This method is simple,accu-rate and simple,which can be used for the quality control of Xianrengu oral liquid.

Objective To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector expressing Dickkopf1 (DKK1) (Ad-DKK1) and study the expression of ?-catenin in melanoma cells A375 after Ad-DKK1 infection. Methods DKK1 gene was amplified by PCR and subcloned to shuttle plasmid Adeasy by molecular cloning and adenovirus recombination technique,then converted in BJAdeasy cells. The recombinant adenovirus plasmid was generated. After cut by PacⅠ enzyme,the recombinant adenovirus plasmid Ad-DKK1 was packaged and amplified in HEK293 cells. Ad-DKK1 effect group,Ad-SimDKK1 effect group,Ad-GFP effect group,Ad-RFP effect group and blank group were used to infect the A375 cells in multiplicity of infection (MOI) 80,and cell morphology was observed. The expression of DKK1 and ?-catenin in A375 cells was detected by RT-PCR. Cell vitality was detected by MTT assay. Results Ad-DKK1 was proved to be recombined successfully by identification with restriction enzyme and sequencing. The infection was efficient (80%) in A375 cells. The expression of DKK1 had significant difference between Ad-DKK1 effect group (1.638?0.067) and other 4 groups (0.718?0.086,1.424?0.125,1.414?0.089 and 1.423?0.088) (P

Aim To investigate the effects of intrathecal levobupivacaine(LB)on substance P(SP)expression in spinal dorsal horn(L4~5)and the distal cerebrospinal fluid contacting neuron(dCSF-CN)in a rat model of formalin induced inflammatory pain.Methods Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats(290~310 g,Grade SPF)were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 in each.Rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital(40 mg?kg-1,ip)and then fixed in the stereotaxic instrument.A 3 ?l volume of 30% CB-HRP to trace dCSF-CN was injected into one of the rats'lateral ventricles.The animals kept alive,forty eight hours later artificial cerebrospinal fluid(ACSF)10 ?l and 0.5% LB 10 ?l(diluted with ACSF)were intrathecally injected in group ACSF and group LB respectively.Inflammatory pain was induced by formalin injection into left hind paw.Then nociception of the animals was assessed behaviorally with the formalin test.Two hours after formalin administration,rats were sacrificed with deeply anesthesia and transcardially perfused.L4~5 segments of spinal cord were removed for immunohistochemical SP-labeling.Brainstem segments containing dCSF-CN were removed for SP/CB-HRP dual-labeling with immunohistochemical procedures and colloidal gold immunoelectronmicroscopy.Results LB significantly reduced paw licking time in the formalin test(P 0.05vsbaseline,P

Objective: To quantitatively study the incidental extra-cardiac ifndings (ECFs) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) in order to better recognize those lesions in clinical practice.
Methods: A total of 1169 suspected CAD patients received CCTA in our hospital from 2011-06 to 2013-03 and 1030 patients were enrolled in this study. There were 589 in-patients, 441 out-patients and 549 patients≥60 years of age,481 patients < 60 years of age. 3 physicians evaluated the incidental ECFs in the full ifeld of view (FOV) in different window level and window width for lung, mediastinum, thorax and upper abdominal areas. Clinical relevance of ECFs were classiifed by corresponding scores. Score 1, the patients with severe lesion need immediate treatment, score 2, the lesion with clinical and prognostic signiifcance and score 3, the ifnding without clinical signiifcance.
Results: There were 197/1030 (19.1%) patients having 224 ECFs and 27 (2.6%) patients having 2 ECFs; 90/1030 (8.7%) patients having 106 signiifcant lesions including 3 (0.3%) of lung cancer and 8 (0.8%) of pulmonary embolism; 107 patients with 118 lesions without signiifcance. ECFs were found in 114/589 (19.4%) in-patients and in 83/441 (18.8%) out-patients, P>0.05; 76/481 (15.8%) of patients < 60 years of age and 121/549 (22.0%) of patients≥60 years,P<0.05.
Conclusion: Unexpected ECFs detection rate was 19.1% in patients undergoing CCTA without further radiation exposure by reconstruction with the full FOV setting, and 8.7% of ECFs had clinical signiifcance. Radiologists should routinely analyze the extra-cardiac organs in CCTA.