OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics and regularity of adverse drug reactions (ADR) induced by fluoroquinolones. METHODS: 308 fluoroquinolones-induced ADR cases in 231 literatures were collected from domestic medical journals recorded in CHKD from Jan.1994 to Jun.2009 and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: There was no marked relation between the ADR induced by fluoroquinolones and the gender or age of the patients. 76.62% of ADR cases were mainly caused via intravenous drop infusion. 33.44% of ADR occurred within 2～5 days after medication, leading the first place in term of ADR incidence was levofloxacin (19.81%). ADR mainly appeared as injury of central nervous system (30.43%), followed by lesion of skin and appendants (20.58%). 6 severe ADR induced shock and death. CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to monitoring of ADR induced by fluoroquinolones and rational use of drug to guarantee safety and effectiveness of medication.

OBJECTIVE:To explore basic technology for synthesis of active ingredients of Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis,and provide necessary technical support for comprehensive development of O. xuefengensis sourse. METHODS:Submerged fermenta-tion method was used to cultivate the mycelium,achieving efficient synthesis of active ingredients by controlling medium composi-tion and cultivation conditions. Using the bacteria as starting strain,the effects of different carbon sources (sucrose,glucose and soluble starch),different nitrogen sources (peptone,yeast extract powder,yeast extract,sodium nitrate,potassium nitrate and urea),different vitamin B(vitamin B1 and vitamin B complex)and different initial pH(pH was set at 4,5,6,7,8 and 9,re-spectively)on mycelial growth,extracellular and intracellular polysaccharide synthesis,cordycepin synthesis and intracellular triter-penoid synthesis were investigated to screen the optimal medium composition. RESULTS:The optimal carbon source,nitrogen source,vitamin B and initial pH were sucrose,yeast extract powder,vitamin B1 and 8,respectively. High biomass and metabolite accumulation levels can be obtained when carbon source was sucrose,nitrogen source was yeast extract powder,adding 0.1 g/L vi-tamin B1 with initial pH of 8. CONCLUSIONS:O. xuefengensis can efficiently accumulate metabolites,and achieve the optimiza-tion of strain cell growth and synthesis of active metabolite by optimizing and controlling the fermentation process.

Abstract： Objective　To analyze the characteristics and corresponding drug resistance of pathogenic bacterial spectrum in eight major infection sites of hospitalized patients, and to provide epidemiological data for the rational selection of antibiotics in clinical practice. Methods　A total of 396 bacterial strains isolated from clinical specimens of hospitalized patients in member institutions of the Hainan Provincial Bacterial Resistance Monitoring Network from September 1, 2020, to September 30, 2022, were included in this study. Data were screened and filtered from the database of MH120 Microbial Identification and Drug Sensitivity Analysis System based on the technical scheme of the National Bacterial Drug Resistance Surveillance Network and Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Project research plan in 2020. The testing data were integrated, summarized, and analyzed using EXCEL and WHONET 5.6 software, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software. Results　Among of 396 strains of bacteria, 78 (19.7%) were isolated from respiratory tract specimens, 74 (18.7%) from urinary tract specimens, 72 (18.2%) from blood specimens, 54 (13.6%) from abdominal cavity specimens, 48 (12.1%) from skin and soft tissue specimens 48 strains (12.1%), 30 (7.6%) from reproductive tract specimens, 22 (5.6%) from central nervous system specimens, 18 (4.5%) from digestive tract specimens. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 69.4% of the isolates, while gram-positive bacteria accounted for 30.6%. The top five gram-negative bacteria isolated were Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.9%), Escherichia coli (14.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii (5.3%), and Salmonella species (4.5%). The top five gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (11.1%), Streptococcus agalactis (7.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (3.0%), Enterococcus faecium (2.8%), and Streptococcus suis (1.8%). Respiratory failure and bloodstream infection were independent influencing factors of treatment response (P<0.01). The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to ampicillin was 81.4%, and the resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to gentamicin and levofloxacin were both below 7%. Conclusions　The pathogen spectra vary with different infection sites of patients, and rational selection of antibiotics based on drug susceptibility testing is crucial to shorten the treatment time of patients and avoid the unnecessary emergence of drug-resistant strains caused by drug abuse.

Objective: To compare myopia prevalence among primary school students in Suqian before and after COVID-19 epidemic, so as to provide a reference for prevention and scientific propaganda of myopia. Methods: Mass sampling was conducted for pupils from 39 primary schools in Suqian during 2019-2020 for ophthalmic examination, including measurement of uncorrected visial acuity and noncycloplegic refractometry. The data of 76 823 and 76 039 students aged 6 to 12 years were statistically analyzed, and the differences of myopia prevalence in two years were compared under different demographic characteristics. Results: The myopic rate before and after the epidemic was 30.2% and 36.9%, respectively.The two examinations all obtained that the myopic rate increased with age, the myopic rate of girls (32.3%, 40.0%) was higher than that of boys(28.3%, 34.2%), and the myopic rate of urban students(34.3%, 41.5%) was higher than that of rural students( 26.5 %, 32.2%). The myopic rate increased significantly at all ages, with students aged 9 to 11 accounted for the most(by 8.6 to 10.7 percentage point), the myopic rate by genders and areas increased significantly, among which female and urban students increased the most(7.7, 7.2 percentage point). Conclusion After the epidemic, the myopic rate was 1.2 times that of 2019. The myopic rate increased significantly under different demographic characteristics.The myopic situation was not optimistic.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools in Zhejiang province, and to provide evidence for effective prevention and control of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools. Methods: A descriptive analysis was conducted on foodborne disease outbreaks in Zhejiang schools reported by the national foodborne disease outbreaks surveillance system from 2010 to 2019. Results: During the past 10 years, a total of 86 foodborne disease outbreaks in schools were reported, with 1 755 illnesses, 240 hospitalizations, and no deaths. Pathogenic bacteria and their toxins were the main causes of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools, accounting for 83.0%(44/53) of all identified causes. The top four types of pathogenic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. Meat products and mixed foods were the main foods that caused the outbreaks, each accounting for 16.3%(14/86) of total incidents. High school cafeterias were places with the highest incidence, accounting for 38.4%(33/86) of the total. School concession stands caused the largest number of hospitalizations, accounting for 37.1%(89/240) of the total. The peak month of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools was September, followed by June, May, and October. Crosscontamination and improper storage were the main causes of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools. Conclusion Bacterial foodborne disease is a major food safety issue in schools in Zhejiang Province. In summer and fall, school cafeterias and food stores should take effective measures to prevent bacterial foodborne disease outbreaks caused by cross-contamination and improper storage of high-risk foods such as meat products and cold-processed bakeries.

Objective To investigate the effects of nursing intervention on self-management ability and quality of life of patients with chronic hepatitis B in antiviral treatment. Methods A total of 160 patients with chronic hepatitis B antiviral treatment were randomly divided into control group and observation group on average. The patients of control group were given routine care based on their own condition, while the patients of intervention group were assessed their self-management ability and quality of life by the self-management scale and quality of life evaluation questionnaire, and they were given specific nursing intervention based on the analysis of assessment, and then completed one year follow-up after discharge. Results The self-management ability of patients in the intervention group was higher than that of control group, while quality of life score in the intervention group was (66.43 ±5.94) compared (62.45 ±6.89) in the control group (t=2.48,P<0.05). Conclusions Nursing intervention can improve patients′self-management ability as well as quality of life.

Objective:To explore the effects of "5-moment method" on antivirus medication compliance and revisit rate among patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods:From January 2019 to June 2019, this study selected 120 chronic hepatitis B patients with antivirus therapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University as subjects by convenience sampling. All patients were divided into control group and observation group according to wards, 60 cases in each group. Control group carried out the traditional intervention including the routine medication education, hepatitis B information push by WeChat and discharged telephone follow-up. Observation group implemented the "5-moment" intervention involving the "5-moment" medication education, guiding patients to actively participate the safe and antiviral self-management through "5-moment" medication knowledge, applying "5-moment method" medication management in family medication management by informationization continuing service. This study compared the medication knowledge and compliance of patients with the self-designed Chronic Hepatitis B Antivirus Medication Knowledge Questionnaire and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) as well as the revisit rate between two groups. There were 4 cases loss to follow-up in control group and no case loss to follow-up in observation group. A total of 116 subjects were included.Results:The awareness rate of antivirus medication knowledge and score of MMAS-8 of patients in observation group 6 months after intervention were (76.79±6.57) % and (7.17±0.78) respectively higher than those in control group with statistical differences ( t=19.883, 4.382; P<0.01) . The revisit rates of observation group and control group 6 months after intervention were 88.33% (53/60) and 55.36% (31/56) respectively with a statistical difference (χ 2=15.768, P<0.01) . Conclusions:The "5-moment method" can effectively improve the cognition of chronic hepatitis B patients on antivirus therapy, antivirus medication compliance of patients and revisit rate which is worthy of popularization in antivirus therapy management.

Since 2010, the incidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has been increased. Owing the progress in diagnosis and treatment, the overall mortality of SFTS in China has decreased, while the mortality in critical SFTS patients is still high. In order to provide guidance and working procedures for clinicians to diagnose and treat critical SFTS, the National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events invited experts to discuss and formulate this consensus based on their experience and up-to-date knowledge on SFTS.

Charcoal-processed traditional Chinese herbal medicine has various therapeutic effects， including astringing， hemostasis， anti-diarrhea， clearing heat， tonifying， and warming the interior. This paper summarizes the clinical application features， compatible experiences， dosages， and precautions for over 20 types of charcoal-processed herbal medicine in the treatment of gynecological bleeding disorders caused by dysfunctions such as dysfunctional uterine bleeding， endometriosis， uterine incision pseudocavity， and vaginal bleeding resulting from threatened miscarriage. The charcoal-processed herbal medicine include Huangqin （Scutellaria Baicalensis） Charcoal， Dahuang （Rheum Palmatum） Charcoal， Cebai （Platycladus Orientalis） Charcoal， Diyu （Sanguisorba Officinalis） Charcoal， Daji （Cirsium Setosum） Charcoal， Xiaoji （Cirsium Japonicum） Charcoal， Shengdi （Rehmannia Glutinosa） Charcoal， Aiye （Artemisia Argyi） Charcoal， Paojiang （Zingiber Officinale） Charcoal， Xuduan （Dipsacus Asper） Charcoal， Duzhong （Eucommia Ulmoides） Charcoal， Qiancao （Rubia Cordifolia） Charcoal， Puhuang （Typha Angustifolia） Charcoal， Shanzha （Crataegus Pinnatifida） Charcoal， Jingjie （Schizonepeta Tenuifolia） Charcoal， Xueyu （Carthamus Tinctorius） Charcoal， Zonglyu （Areca Catechu） Charcoal， Wumei （Prunus Mume） Charcoal， Shudahuang （Rheum Officinale） Charcoal， Lianfang （Nymphaea Alba） Charcoal， Mianmaguanzhong （Clematis Armandii） Charcoal， and Oujie （Nelumbo Nucifera） Charcoal.

BACKGROUND:Spleen has the functions of blood storage,hematopoiesis,and immunity.With the increase of age,the structural degeneration and functional decline of spleen lead to the impairment of immune system function,thus accelerating the aging process of the body.The treatment of spleen aging in tree shrews with highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells has not been reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore the intervention effect and mechanism of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on spleen aging in tree shrews. METHODS:Highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were isolated,cultured,and obtained from the umbilical cord tissue of newborn tree shrews by caesarean section.The differentiation abilities of adipogenesis,osteogenesis,and chondrogenesis were detected by three-line differentiation kit.Cell cycle and surface markers were detected by flow cytometry.The second generation of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were transfected with Genechem Green Fluorescent Protein with infection complex values of 100,120,140,160,180,and 200,respectively,to screen the best transfection conditions.After transfection,the fourth generation of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was injected into the tail vein of tree shrews in the elderly treatment group.The young control group and the aged model group were not given special treatment.After 4 months of treatment,the spleen tissue was taken and the structure of the spleen was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.β-Galactosidase staining was used to detect the activity of aging-related galactosidase.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression levels of p21 and p53 proteins.Ki67 and PCNA immunofluorescence staining was used to detect cell proliferation activity.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression levels of spleen autophagy protein molecules Beclin 1 and APG5L/ATG5.Reactive oxygen species fluorescence staining was used to detect the content of reactive oxygen species in spleen tissue.CD3 immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the change of the proportion of total T lymphocytes.The secretion levels of interleukin 1β and transforming growth factor β1 in spleen were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The distribution of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells labeled with green fluorescent protein in spleen tissue was observed by DAPI double staining of nucleus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells grew in a short spindle shape with fish-like growth,with a large proportion of G0/G1 phase,and had the potential to differentiate into adipogenesis,osteogenesis,and chondrogenesis.(2)Multiplicity of infection=140 and transfection for 72 hours were the best conditions for labeling tree shrews highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells with Genechem Green Fluorescent Protein.(3)Compared with the aged model group,in the aged treatment group,the spleen tissue cells of tree shrews were arranged closely,and the area of white pulp was increased(P<0.01);the boundary between red pulp and white pulp was clear;the proportion of germinal centers did not show statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The activity level of galactosidase related to spleen tissue aging was decreased(P<0.001),and the expression levels of aging protein molecules p21 and p53 were down-regulated(P<0.001).The expression levels of proliferation-related molecules Ki67 and PCNA were up-regulated(P<0.001,P<0.05);expression levels of autophagy-related molecules Beclin 1 and APG5L/ATG5 were up-regulated(P<0.001),and the content of reactive oxygen species decreased(P<0.001),and the proportion of CD3+T cells increased(P<0.05).The secretion level of interleukin 1β in the aging-related secretion phenotype decreased(P<0.001);no significant difference was found in transforming growth factor β1 level(P>0.05).Compared with the young control group,the above indexes were significantly different in the elderly treatment group(P<0.05).(4)Green fluorescent cells labeled with green fluorescent protein were observed in spleen tissue of tree shrews the elderly treatment group by frozen tissue section observation.The results show that intravenous infusion of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can migrate to spleen tissue,inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species,down-regulate the expression of aging-related proteins,induce autophagy,promote cell proliferation,reduce chronic inflammation,and then improve the structure and function of spleen tissue.