Understanding inter-species transmission of influenza viruses is an important research topic. Scientists try to identify and evaluate the functional factors determining the host range of influenza viruses by generating the recombinant viruses through reverse genetics in laboratories, which reveals the viruses' molecular mechanisms of infection and transmission in different species. Therefore, the reverse genetic method is a very important tool for further understanding the biology of influenza viruses and will provide the insight for the prevention and treatment of infections and transmission. However, these recombinant influenza viruses generated in laboratories will become the potential threat to the public health and the environment. In this paper, we discussed the biological safety issues of recombinant influenza viruses and suggested we should set up protocols for risk management on research activities related to recombinant highly pathogenic influenza viruses.
Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; Laboratories ; Microbiology ; Orthomyxoviridae ; genetics ; Public Health ; Reassortant Viruses ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Safety

Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Liver Diseases

Objective:To investigate the strategies and methods of pancreatic cancer immunotherapy adopt cytotoxic T lymphocytes activated by dendritic cells(DCs),which modified by heat shock protein 70 peptide complex(HSP70-PC).Methods:HSP70 peptide complex from lumps of tumor-bearing mouse innoculated with pancreas cancer cell(MPC83)were purified by ConA-Sepharose and ADP-Agarose affinity chromatography.Dendritic cells derived from normal murine bone marrow were induced by GM-CSF and IL-4.MTT method was applied to analyses the proliferation activities of DCs.To achieve the specific T lymphocyte cells,DCs modified with HSP70 peptide complex were coculture with murine spleen lymphocytes for 48 hours.Then these activated lymphocytes were cocultured with MPC83 at ratio of effect-target 10∶1 and 20∶1 in vitro and the killing activities were detected by MTT method.Results:High purify HSP70-PC was obtained;104 DCs need 50～100ng of HSP70-PC to modify,100?g of HSP70-PC peptide complex can be extracted from per 1g lump;T cells stimulated by HSP70-PC modify DCs showed more specific cytotoxic activity to MPC83 than lymphocytes activated by DCs without HSP70-PC in vitro.Conclusion:We can extract high purity HSP70-PC for clinical individual immunotherapy from pancreatic cancer lump by using hypobaric affinity chromatography;DCs vaccine modified with HSP70-PC has significant kill effect against pancreatic cancer cell in vitro.

Objective:To investigate the expression of MST1 in ovarian cancer (OV) , its relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics, and the potential molecular mechanism.Methods:62 OV patients admitted to Chongqing Emergency Medical Center and the Fifth People’s Hospital of Chongqing from Mar. 2016 to Feb. 2020 were selected. The expression levels of mRNA were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. [MST1 over-expression group: 24 h: (0.31±0.02) , 48 h: (0.44±0.03) , 72 h: (0.62±0.02) ; Blank group:24 h: (0.32±0.02) , (0.55±0.02) , (0.74±0.02) ;MST1 empty vector group:24 h: (0.32±0.03) , 48 h: (0.56±0.02) , 72 h: (0.77±0.02) ]Results:The expression of MST1 was lower in OV than in adjacent tissues[ (0.52±0.12) vs (1.18±0.21) ]. MST1 expression level was not related to age, but significantly correlated with the size of the tumors[ (0.46±0.12) vs (0.58±0.10) , P=0.00], TNM[ (0.57±0.10) vs (0.43±0.12) , P=0.00], TNM stage 9 (0.57±0.10) vs (0.43±0.12) , P=0.00] and lymph node metastasis[ (0.47±0.14) vs (0.56±0.09) , P=0.003]. Over-expression of MST1 obviously inhibited cellular proliferation in OV (MST1 over-expression group: 24 h: 0.31±0.02, 48 h: 0.44±0.03, 72 h: 0.62±0.02; blank group: 24 h: 0.32±0.02, 0.55±0.02, 0.74±0.02; empty vector group: 24 h: 0.32±0.03, 48 h: 0.56±0.02, 72 h: 0.77±0.02) . MST1 over-expression could promote FOXO3 expression, ,the expression level of FOXO3 in Mst1 overexpression group and control group were[ (0.61±0.04) vs (0.41±0.03) ]. MST1 inhibited proliferation of OV cells through upregulating the expression of FOXO3. Conclusions:The expression of MST1 is closely related to the clinicopathological features of OV patients, and MST1 may restrain OV by positively regulating FOXO3 expression.

OBJECTIVE: Through 3.0 T MRI study the ear and sinus lesions of patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. METHOD: From 2012 to 2015 collected the MRI images of the 45 patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning, observe their changes of middle ear and mastoid and sinus imaging. RESULT: The middle ear injury of mastoid 41 cases (91.1%), 22 cases (48.9%) of maxillary sinus injury, ethmoid sinus injury in 20 cases (44.4%), sphenoid sinus 9 cases (20.0%), 5 cases (11.1%) of frontal sinus injury. Carbon monoxide poisoning patients according to clinical symptoms can be divided into light, medium and heavy 3 groups, observing the ear sinus damage degree for comparison between groups, found to have significant differences (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning ear and sinus injury should cause the attention of the medical staff, MRI can reflect people's ears from the details and the damage degree of the sinuses.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; diagnosis ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Ethmoid Sinus ; pathology ; Frontal Sinus ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Maxillary Sinus ; pathology ; Paranasal Sinuses ; pathology ; Sphenoid Sinus ; pathology

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (UA)levels and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk under specific lifestyle exposures.Methods Case-control study was used.Three hundred and ninety-seven PD cases and the same number of controls with matched age and gender were selected.Demographic and exposure information was collected by face-to-face interview,and blood biochemistry studies tested.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of PD risk with UA levels or enviromental factors.Results The highest value of UA levels was associated with a decreased PD risk compared to the lowest value (OR =0.39,95％ CI 0.25-0.63) in both male and female groups.This association was significant among nonsmokers (OR =0.52,95％ CI 0.32-0.76),nondrinkers (OR =0.4,95％ CI 0.34-0.70),and persons taking exercise more than 1 houre a day (OR =0.51,95％ CI 0.35-0.74).But no significant association was affected in the subjects with smoking or drinking history and those with less exercise (＜ 1 hour a day).Conclusion We confirmed that higher UA levels were associated with lower PD risk in Chinese population,and some lifestyles may modify the protection effect of serum UA.

Objective: To quantitatively study the incidental extra-cardiac ifndings (ECFs) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) in order to better recognize those lesions in clinical practice.
Methods: A total of 1169 suspected CAD patients received CCTA in our hospital from 2011-06 to 2013-03 and 1030 patients were enrolled in this study. There were 589 in-patients, 441 out-patients and 549 patients≥60 years of age,481 patients < 60 years of age. 3 physicians evaluated the incidental ECFs in the full ifeld of view (FOV) in different window level and window width for lung, mediastinum, thorax and upper abdominal areas. Clinical relevance of ECFs were classiifed by corresponding scores. Score 1, the patients with severe lesion need immediate treatment, score 2, the lesion with clinical and prognostic signiifcance and score 3, the ifnding without clinical signiifcance.
Results: There were 197/1030 (19.1%) patients having 224 ECFs and 27 (2.6%) patients having 2 ECFs; 90/1030 (8.7%) patients having 106 signiifcant lesions including 3 (0.3%) of lung cancer and 8 (0.8%) of pulmonary embolism; 107 patients with 118 lesions without signiifcance. ECFs were found in 114/589 (19.4%) in-patients and in 83/441 (18.8%) out-patients, P>0.05; 76/481 (15.8%) of patients < 60 years of age and 121/549 (22.0%) of patients≥60 years,P<0.05.
Conclusion: Unexpected ECFs detection rate was 19.1% in patients undergoing CCTA without further radiation exposure by reconstruction with the full FOV setting, and 8.7% of ECFs had clinical signiifcance. Radiologists should routinely analyze the extra-cardiac organs in CCTA.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and histological features of patients with abnormal liver tests of unknown etiology, and then to investigate the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods Patients with abnormal liver function test hospitalized and had liver biopsies during 2008-2009 constituted this retrospective study cohort. After excluding those patients diagnosed with hepatotropic viral hepatitis,space occupying lesions of the liver, alcoholic liver disease and obstruction of bile duct caused by stone or malignancy and AMA/AMA-M2 positive of primary biliary cirrhosis ( PBC ), the clinical and histological characteristics were evaluated. Results Out of the 180 patients who underwent liver biopsy, 88 patients were included in the present analysis. The final diagnosis involved 15 categories of diseases, with druginduced liver injury ( DILI ) [34. 09% ( 30/88 )], autoimmune liver diseases [22.73% ( 20/88 )], and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [12. 50% ( 11/88 )] being the most common causes, following by genetic and other rare diseases. Conclusion DILI, autoimmune liver disease and NAFLD were the most common causes of abnormal liver tests in these non-viral liver diseases. Some rare diseases such as hereditary metalbolic liver disease also represent a considerable proportion in patients with abnormal liver function test.

To identify Salvia shandongensis and its relatives at molecular level, the psbA-trnH intergenic region of three species including Salvia shandongensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza f. alba were amplified and sequenced. Sequences were assembled with CodonCode Aligner. The K2P genetic distances between Salvia shandongensis and its relatives were calculated and UPGMA tree was performed by MEGA5.0. The results indicated that the lengths of psbA-trnH regions of Salvia shandongensis were about 391 bp, while the lengths of psbA-trnH regions of Salvia miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza f. alba were about 386 bp. The psbA-trnH sequences showed considerable variations between species and thus were revealed as a promising candidate for barcoding of Salvia shandongensis and its relatives. The intra-specific genetic distances of Salvia shandongensis were 0, while the intra-specific genetic distances of Salvia miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza f. alba were 0.002 and 0.001 respectively. Additionally, the genetic distance of Salvia shandongensis and Salvia miltiorrhiza ranged from 0.034 to 0.04, and the genetic distance of Salvia shandongensis and S. miltiorrhiza f. alba ranged from 0.005 to 0.008, the intra-specific genetic distances of Salvia shandongensis were much smaller than that of Salvia miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza f. alba; clustering results showed that there were obvious differences between Salvia shandongensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza f. alba, which was consistent with morphological characteristics. This study not only firstly provides the scientific basis for establishing the taxonomy position in molecular level and revealing their genetic relationships of S. shandongensis, S. miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza f. alba; but also provides DNA molecular identification scientific basis for the development of new medicinal plant resources of Salvia shandongensis. Our results suggest that the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer region can be used as a barcoding to identify Salvia shandongensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza f. alba.

[Summary] To discuss blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin therapy.A randomized controlled trial was conducted in type 2 diabetics who were taking insulin and who had an HbA1C level ≥ 8％,with a 6-month follow-up period.70 diabetic patients were randomly and equally divided into control group who received standard care,and intervention group who received an individualized personalized medical treatment with health education.The main outcome measures were change of HbA1C,diabetes and medication knowledge,adherence to medications,family blood glucose monitoring,and insulin injection techniques.Questionnaire was used to evaluate the outcomes before and after the intervention.The medication and diabetes knowledge,medication adherence,the correct way for home blood glucose monitoring were significantly improved in intervention group,while remained unchanged in the control group.After 6 months,HbA1C values were significantly reduced in the intervention group while remained unchanged in the controls.The quality of life also significantly improved in the intervention group.