Objective To compare the effectiveness and side-effect of different bowel preparations. Methods Three hundreds and twelve patients preparing for colonoscopy were randomly divided into four groups; oral mannitol group ( group A) , oral senna leaf group ( group B) , colon cleaning device group (group C) and combination of group B and C (group D). Under the colonoscopy, the endoscopist blindly scored the cleaning of each bowel segment as class 0 to 4 (0, fecal mass at rectosigmoid; 1, cleaning up to sigmoid; 2, cleaning up to descending colon; 3, cleaning up to transverse colon; 4, cleaning of entire colon ) and the degree of cleaning as optimal (Ⅰ) , acceptable ( Ⅱ ) or dissatisfied (Ⅲ). Results The cleaning rate (88. 6% ) of pan colon in group D was higher than that of group A ( 15. 4% , P

At present,reports at home and abroad suggest a low probability of successful preservation of ovarian endocrine function after ovarian shift radiotherapy.After radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma,the ovarian function is associated with various factors,such as radiotherapy dose and method,patient's age,shift position,and concurrent chemotherapy drugs.Therefore,as for each patient,the dose to the ovarian tissue should be controlled within the individual dose limit to effectively preserve the ovarian function.

nal abnormalities of pediatric heart diseases.

The original teaching of clinical pharmacy for stomatology course did not let students aware of the importance of drugs in the treatment of oral diseases. The original teaching framework was rearranged:decentralizing knowledge of oral diseased related clinical pharmacy into several mod-ules;setting general knowledge into the oral basic medical module;adding the practice of visiting the pharmacy and manufacturing laboratory. Teaching process was closely combined with clinics and was integrated with disease-centered oral medicine curriculum integration system. Students responded that the teaching effect was better. The rearranged teaching method can enhance students' attention on drug treatment for oral diseases,improve their ability of clinical medication and promote the teaching quality.

Objective To study the characteristics of immune function,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) antibodies and EBV-DNA in children with different clinical types of EBV infection,which provide basis for prevention and treatment of EBV infection.Methods Clinical data of 103 patients suffering from EBV infection were retrospectively analyzed in Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University.A total of 103 children were divided into infectious mononualeosis(IM) group(n=68),chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection(CAEBV) group(n=13) and Epstein-Barr virus-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(EBV-HLH) group(n=22).The changes of EBV antibodies,EBV-DNA,immunoglobulin levels,lymphocyte subpopulation and complement series were detected and compared among the three groups.A total of 26 healthy children at the same stage were enrolled as a control group,immunoglobulin levels,lymphocyte subpopulation and complement series were detected in control group,then compared with the rest of the three groups.Results The levels of C3 and C4 in CAEBV group and EBV-HLH group were significantly decreased than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of IgA,IgG and IgE in EBV-HLH group,CAEBV group,IM group and control group gradually increased(P<0.05,respectively).The levels of IgA,IgG and IgE in EBV-HLH group and CAEBV group significantly decreased than those in control group(P<0.05,respectively).The levels of IgA,IgG and IgE in IM group decreased than those in control group,while there were no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).CD8+T cells in IM group significantly increased than those in the rest of the three groups(P<0.05,respectively).T cells,CD8+T cells,CD4+ T cells,CD4+/CD8+ ratios,NK cells,B cells of EBV-HLH group significantly decreased than those in the rest of the three groups(P<0.05).The positive rates of EBV antibodies in CAEBV group and IM group were significantly higher than those in EBV-HLH group(P<0.05).EBV-DNA in EBV-HLH group were significantly higher than those of CAEBV group and IM group(P<0.05).Conclusion EBV-DNA levels in the serum are positively correlated with disease types and severity,the pathogenesis of IM,CAEBV and EBV-HLH induced by EBV infection are associated with immune dysfunction.Dynamic monitoring of EBV load and cell immune function can reflect disease status and progress risk.

Objective To estimate help-seeking behavior among individual with overactive bladder (OAB) in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its influencing factors.Methods This was a cross-sectional survey with a representative sample of 133 patients with OAB in type 2 diabetes mellitus responded the questionnaires,including a self-designed Demographic Data Questionnaire,12-item Short-Form health survey questionnaire,Overactive Bladder Symptom Score,Patient Perception of Bladder Condition,Help-seeking Behavior Questionnaire.Results Among cases,21.8％(29/133) had seen a doctor for voiding problems.In the Logistic model,educational status,Charlson comorbidity index,glycosylated hemoglobin,and OAB symptom bother were found to be associated with help-seeking behavior,OR value(95％ confidence interval) were 3.158(1.511-6.599),2.537(1.327-4.849),0.631(0.430-0.926),1.655(1.126-2.434),P ＜0.01 or 0.05.Conclusions The help-seeking rate of OAB individuals in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is low.Health care providers should understand the predictors of help-seeking behavior and take actions to improve patient's health care utilization and quality of life.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the outcomes of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem call transplantation for treating neural function of multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients.METHODS:A total of 20 MSA patients were selected at the Beijing Wu Stem Cells Medical Center from January to October 2008.All patients received treatment of vessel distention,anti-free radical,trophic nerve and call membrane stabilization,as well as umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem call transplantation via intrathecal injection.Patients at left-lateral position,and body bent at hips,knees and necks.Acupuncture was conducted at the space of lumbar vertebra 3 and 4.Following local anesthesia,No.9 needle was directly pricked into the subarachnoid cavity.2 mg dexamethasone was slowly infused,and 5 mL (5×106 stem cells) umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stern call injection was obtained and slowly infused into the subarachnoid cavity within 10 minutes,once per week,four times as a course,totally one course.We adopted Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) to evaluate those MSA patients.The higher score represented a severe pathogenetic condition.RESULTS:Compared with pretransplantation,the UMSARS score was significantly decreased in 20 patients 4 weeks follwing transplantation (P ＜ 0.01).After the treatment,patient's clinical symptoms such as slow movement,balance disturbance,orthostatic hypotension,urinary and bowel disorders had full obvious improvement.Graft versus host disease was not found.CONCLUSION:It is indicated that mesenchymal stem call transplantation is effective,can partly improve MSA patients' clinical symptoms,and improve patients' life quality.

Objective To investigate the expression and the significance of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3)in placenta,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in maternal and cord blood of idiopathic fetal growth restriction(IFGR),and their correlation with the pathogenesis of symmetric and asymmetric IFGR.Methods From April 2008 to April 2009,42 primiparae of singleton pregnancy and their IFGR babies,who delivered at term through cesarean section, in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled. All subjectects were divided into symmetric IFGR group (n=20) and asymmetric IFGR group (n =22). Another 42 non-IFGR pairs were randomly selected as the control group. The polink-2 plus polymerized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immunohistochemical method and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to detect TLR-3 and TNF-α levels. Results (1) The expression of TLR-3 protein were observed in all maternal placenta of the three groups. TLR-3 essentially expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts and hofbouer cells in the symmetric IFGR and control group, but expressed mostly in hofbouer cells and less in syneytiotrophoblasts in the asymmetric IFGR group. (2) The expression of TLR-3 in the syncytiotrophoblasts of the symmetric and asymmetric IFGR group was significantly lower than in the control group (111±14 and 118±11 vs. 156 ± 9, P<0. 01). The number of TLR-3 positive in Hofbourer cell in the symmetric IFGR group was lower than the control group (8. 9±2. 8 vs 17.5±2. 8, P <0. 01 ), but the number in the asymmetric IFGR group was higher (23.8±3.7) compared with the control group (P <0. 01). (3) The TNF-α levels in the maternal and cord blood of the symmetric and the asymmetric group were higher than that of the control group [maternal : (90±10) μg/L and ( 86±11 ) μg/L vs. (73±9) μg/L;cord blood: (92±12) μg/L and (96±8) μg/L vs. (79±9) μg/L;P<0.01]. (4) Neither symmetric nor the asymmetric IFGR group showed any correlations between the maternal and cord blood levels of TNF-α (P>0. 05). (5) Significant correlation was found between the TNF-α level of the cord blood and TLR-3 expression in the placenta in both the symmetric and asymmetric IFGR group(P<0. 05),but no relationship was found between the maternal blood TNF-α level and TLR-3 expression in the placenta (P>0. 05). Conclusions The variantions of TLR-3 expression in placenta and the increased expression of TNF-α in cord blood are associated with the genesis IFGR. The reduced expression of TLR-3 may related to symmetric IFGR, while the increased TLR-3 level in hofbouer cells may lead to asymmetric IFGR.

Objective To determinate the heavy metal cadmium content in rice to ensure food safety.Methods Several brands and batch numbers of rice were collected and divided into groups A and B.Group A contained 24 pieces of rice from the canteens,and group B involved in 22 pieces from the farm product markets.Cadmium content in rice was detected quantitatively with X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,and then evaluated according to GB 2762-2012 which determined rice was not qualified in case cadmium content was more than 0.2 mg/kg.Results Group A had cadmium content between 0.00 and 0.477 mg/kg,the times of ultra standard being 2.385 and the disqualification rate being 29.2％ (7/24),and group B had cadmium content between 0.065 and 0.619 mg/kg,the times of ultra standard being 3.095 and the disqualification rate being 68.2％ (15/22).Excessive cadmium content in rice occurred in both canteens and markets,while the canteens was better than the markets.Conclusion X-ray fluorescence spectrometer detects cadmium content in rice rapidly and simply,and is worthy promoting in elementary facilities.

Objective To observe the effect of a high temperature environment on IL-17 concentration , neutrophil and lymphocyte in peripheral blood of soldiers on a training task .Methods Totally 160 health training soldiers were randomly and equally divided into two groups .The test group was trained and exposed to an environment of ( 32 ±1 )℃ vs control group at ( 22 ±1 )℃ for 2 hours before the IL-17 levels in venous blood were measured and peripheral neutrophils and lymphocytes were determined.Results The body temperatures were (38.74 ±0.26),(39.23 ±0.24),and (39.51 ± 0.34)℃after training for 40 min,50 min,and 60 min under a high temperature environment , respectively, and there was a significant increase of body temperature compared to the soldiers trained under normal conditions (P <0.05).Their perceived exertion rating was 17.62 ±0.66, 18.03 ±0.56, and 18.47 ±0.84, respectively, much unlike the control group (P<0.05).After 2 hours of training under high temperature , the concentration of IL-17 was (7.12 ±4.03) pg/ml, while the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes was (6.43 ±1.27) ×109/L and (9.84 ±1.36) ×109/L, respectively in peripheral blood, significantly higher than in the control group (P <0.05).Conclusion The body temperature and rating of perceived exertion of the training soldiers are significantly elevated under a high temperature environment, and the concentration of IL-17, and the neutrophils and lymphocytes counts in peripheral blood are increased .