Presence or absence of smooth muscle in extrahepatic bile duct is controversial Histological studies of extrahepatic bile ducts in 20 persons have been made. It was found that: in their walls muscular layer was present in 13 specimens, and size and shape of muscle bundles were different,, They were in irregular arrangement, and appeared to be scattered, clustered or layer upon layer. In the lower segment of the bile duct, there was a gradual increase in the amount of smooth muscles and coarsened muscle bundles. But muscular elements were not obsererved in other 7 specimens. Elastic fibers of the wall were scattered or crowded in the superficial layer of the muco-derm. There was no relationship between the type of elastic fibers and the structure of the ducts. We believe that there was sufficient smooth muscle in the walls of common bile duct which can produce peristalsis. In the absence of smooth muscle, how to explain their motility is still worthy of further studying.

By using protein A-gold labeling probe, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD)in paraffin-embedded sections of 24 cases of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its surrounding liver tissues was immunolocalizied The experimental results showed that in a good many of HCCs and its surrounding liver tissues, immunostaining of Cu-Zn SOD appeared differently positive, but in 2 cases of grade Ⅱ differentiation, massive pattern of HCC, Cu-Zn SOD immunostaining was negative. In one hepatoma was clear cell carcinoma, and in another one tumor cells followed obvious fatty degenera tioa Two problems that what was significance of Cu-Zn SOD in HCQ and a few cellular nuclei labeled for Cu-Zn SOD are disscussed.

By using histochemical reaction of Y-GTP,G-6-Pase and ATPase, an in vestiga-tion of alterations of Human Hepatocellular Carcincma(HCC)and its surrounding tissues was made. Liver tissues were obtained from 10 subjects at time of surgery. The experimental results showed that the enzymes significantly in HCC differed from those in its surrounding tissues. The Y-GTP activity in HCC was marked in 2 sub-lects, slight in 5 subjects,none in 3 subjects. The alterations mentioned above revealed no marked relation with the degree of HCC diferentiation .Thus Y-GTP could not be considered to be a reliable positive enzyme marker of HCC.The Y-GTP in its surrounding tissues showed increased staining intensity. G-6-Pase activity in HCC markedly decereased or disappeared, but increased markedly in its surrounding tissues. The staining of G-6-Pase could be used to distinguish cancerous from noncancerous areas. ATPase (Mg)aciivity in HCC decreased or disappeared as well.

Objective To investigate the effect of epidural morphine for analgesia on the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the rabbit colon.Methods Thirty healthy rabbits of either sex,weighing 2.0-2.5 kg,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =15 each):control group (group C) and morphine group (group M).The animals were anesthetized with iv 20% urethane 4 ml/kg.The epidural analgesia was performed at L3,4 interspace.In group M morphine 9.2 ug· kg-1 · h-1 was infused into the epidural space for 7 consecutive days,while the equal volume of normal saline was infused instead in group C.The characteristics of excrement and constipation were recorded during morphine infusion.Normal saline or Chinese ink mixture 5 ml was administered via a gastric tube inserted through the mouth 1 day after the end of administration.The rabbits were sacrificed 30 min later and laparotomy was performed.The intestinal segment numbered from the pylorus to the ileocecal region of the bowel was removed and the length of the intestinal segment and propelled distance of the ink within the intestinal tract were measured in the tension-free state.The rate of propelled distance was calculated.The proximal and distal colon tissues were taken for measurement of the expression of c-kit (by immunohistochemisty) and ICC count,and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for examination of pathological changes.Results Compared with group C,the incidence of constipation was significantly increased,and the rate of propelled distance,and expression of c-kit and ICC count in proximal colon tissues were decreased at 3-7 days of morphine infusion (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of c-kit and ICC count in distal colon tissues in group M (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Epidural morphine for analgesia can inhibit the motor function of the intestinal tract in rabbits,and reduction in the number of ICC count in proximal colon is involved in the mechanism.

Objective To observe the expressions of CD26, Ki67 and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) proteins in thyroid neoplasms, to explore their value in differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms and to search for molecular marker in well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas.Methods The expressions of CD26,Ki67and EGFR proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry in 50 differentiated thyroid carcinomas (TC) and 50 thyroid adenomas (TA) and their relationships were analyzed.Results The positive rate and expression intensity of CD26,Ki67and EGFR proteins in TC were significantly higher than those in TA, and especially higher in follicular TC than those in follicular TA.Conclusion The abnormal expressions of CD26, Ki67and EGFR proteins appear to be valuable in differential diagnosis and predicting prognosis of thyroid carcinomas, especially CD26 can be used as a diagnostic marker in well-differentiated carcinoma of follicular cell origin.

Objective To investigate the clinic effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with injection of hyper- thermic lipiodol into tumor body in treating large hepatic carcinoma. Methods A total of 86 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma were randomly and equally divided into the study group (n = 43) and control group (n = 43). TACE combined with injection of hyper-thermic lipiodol into tumor body was carried out in the patients of the study group , while only TACE was performed in the patients of the control group. The results were compared between the two groups. Results The effective rate of the study group and the control group was 68%and 53%respectively , and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The difference in the changes of tumor size after the treatment between the two groups was also statistically significant. In the study group, the survival rates at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the treatment were 100% (n = 43), 84% (n = 36), 53% (n = 23) and 33%(n=14) respectively, while in the control group the survival rates were 94% (n=40), 70% (n=30), 37%(n = 16) and 21%(n = 9) respectively. No statistically significant differences in postoperative liver function damage existed between the two groups. Conclusion TACE combined with injection of hyper-thermic lipiodol into tumor body is obviously superior to routine TACE in treating large hepatic carcinoma.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with L isteria septicemia for better clinical diagnosis and management of the disease .Methods A retrospective study was carried out in 13 patients with confirmed diagnosis of Listeria septicemia from July 2009 to November 2013 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University .The clinical features ,laboratory tests ,treatments and clinical outcomes were reviewed and analyzed . Results The vast majority of the 13 patients were immunocompromised or with critical organ dysfunction . The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that penicillin ,ampicillin and levofloxacin were the most active agents against Listeria ,followed by imipenem ,erythromycin , ciprofloxacin and tetracycline .Only 33 .3% of the 13 Listeria isolates were sensitive to oxacillin .Eight patients were cured ,2 improved ,2 died after therapy .The remaining one patient gave up therapy .Conclusions The incidence of Listeria septicemia was associated with advanced age and presence of underlying diseases .Early etiology diagnosis and appropriate antibacterial therapy can improve the outcome of such patients .Actively treating underlying diseases helps reduce the mortality rate .

Objective:To study the effects of NS-398 on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cells.Methods:Tca 8113 cells were exposed to the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 at 150 ?mol/L for 48,72 and 96 h respectively,then cells were collected. VEGF expression was examined by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results:NS-398 inhibited VEGF mRNA and protein expression time-dependently in Tca8113 cells. Conclusion:NS-398 may inhibit VEGF expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To explore the effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive function after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients by meta-analysis.Methods We searched Co-chrane Library,MEDLINE,EMbase,Ovid,Springer,China Biology Medicine,CNKI,VIP and WanFang Data for controlled clinical trials.All randomized controlled trials (RCT)that meet their standards of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive function after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients were collected. The meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3. Results Twenty-two trials with 1 713 patients were included in this meta-analysis.The results of me-ta-analysis showed that:Mini-mental state examination (MMSE)MD=2.99,95%CI (2.25,3.74) one day before operation,MD=1.66,95%CI (0.68,2.64)three days after operation,MD=1.52, 95%CI (0.55,2.49)seven days after operation,respectively (P <0.05);Perioperative dexmedeto-midine treatment was significantly associated with better neurocognitive performance in comparison with saline.Compared with normal saline group,the serum concerntrations of neuron-specificenolase, S100β protein, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased in dexmedetomidine group. Conclusion The present meta-analysis indicates that dexmedetomidine shows superiority over placebo in early postoperative neurocognitive function after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients.

Objective To learn the effects of crude herb moxibustion combined with rehabilitation training on the recovery of pulmonary functions and quality of life of patients with stable-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in Nanning communities. Methods Two hundred patients with stable-stage COPD, sampled from Nanning communities and used as the subjects of this study, were divided into the experiment group and the control group by the random number table method. Patients in the control group were given conventional medication and community health care education and guides;Patients in the experiment group were not only offered the same treatment as mentioned above, but treated during dog days and the coldest days of winter with moxibustion medicine cakes which were applied accurately on selected acupuncture points, together with moxibustion with moxa cone done on the cakes. Treatment was done 6 times in each course of treatment, and 2 courses were given, combined with rehabilitation training. Examination of pulmonary functions was conducted for all patients before and after the treatment and St. George′s Respiratory Questionnaires (SGRQ) were distributed to them. Results Forced vital capacity patients, forced expiratory volume in first second, the percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity of experimental group before the intervention were (2.27 ± 0.36) L, (1.56 ± 0.30) L, (44.81 ± 5.35) %, while six months after the intervention were (3.36 ± 0.42) L, (2.25 ± 0.27) L, (65.38 ±8.08)%. The difference was statistically significant (t=18.90, 16.40, 20.36, P<0.01);The above indexes of control group respectively before intervention were (2.28±0.43) L, (1.58±0.33) L, (45.17 ± 4.97) %, while six months after the intervention were (2.57 ± 0.57) L, (1.71 ± 0.35) L, (46.94 ± 8.42)%. Difference was not statistically significant (t = 1.81, 2.04, 1.70, P > 0.05). Differences between two groups before intervention had no statistical significance (t = 0.17, 0.43, 0.47, P > 0.05), and differences between two groups after the intervention were statistically significant (t=10.62, 11.62, 14.99, P < 0.01). In the experimental group,before intervention the total score of SGRQ and the part scores of symptom, the activity ability and the influence of the disease were (16.56 ± 1.76) points, (10.44 ± 1.57) points, (18.55±2.17) points, (45.73 ± 2.53) points, 6 months after the intervention the scores were (10.77 ± 1.56) points, (7.28±1.23) points, (14.33 ±1.66) points, (32.98 ± 2.35) points. The difference was significant (t=14.82-35.50, P<0.01);In the control group before intervention the total scores of SGRQ and the part score of symptom, the activity ability and the influence of the disease were (16.47 ±1.81) points, (10.39 ± 1.66) points, (18.52 ± 2.16) points, (45.79 ± 2.49) points, 6 months after the intervention the scores were (16.12 ±1.36) points, (9.89 ±1.38) points, (16.96 ±1.58) points, (42.15±2.34) points. The lower score was not obvious, there was no statistically significant difference (t=1.45-2.17, P > 0.05). Intervention before comparing differences between two groups had no statistical significance (t=0.09-0.34, P > 0.05). Intervention after comparing differences between two groups was statistically significant (t=10.88-26.22, P<0.01). Conclusions Clinically, crude herb moxibustion combined with rehabilitation training is to some extent conducive to delaying the decrease in pulmonary functions, reducing complications, and improving the quality of life of patients with stable-stage COPD.