Objective To study the characteristic of 8 to 16-year-old children's short-term memory.Methods 157 subjects participated in this study (8,10,12,14 and 16 years old).All subjects completed the digit recall,word recall,spatial recall and position recall tests.Results Short-term memory spans increased with age (F(4,145)= 35.56,P<0.01) and peaked at 14 years old [ digit (8.83±1.31),word (4.79±0.68),spatial (5.90±0.77),position (5.42±1.28)].Conclusion The developmental trends of four tasks' memory span were similar.But the exact span-scores were different from what Pascual-Leone's model predicted.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the carotid atheroscalerosis and coronary artery disease. Methods High frequency ultrasonography was used to examine the carotid artery in seventy two patients who had undergone coronary artery angiography because of acute myocardiac infarction, angina or chest pain. They were divided a group with normal coronary angiography and another group with coronary artery lesion. The latter group included three subgroups according to the number of coronary artery involved: B1 group, B2 group, and B3 group. Scoring of atherosclerosis of the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery and external carotid artery were made with reference to plaques, the intima media thickness (IMT) and the V max of blood flow of the carotid artery as demonstrated by high frequency ultrasonograply. Results The IMT of the group with coronary lesion was significantly higher than that of the normal group ( P

Objective Inhibitory ability plays an important role in individuals' development process.It has close relationship with intelligence and other cognitive ability.This study aims to explore the development of inhibitory ability on 7- to 12-year-old children.Methods A sample of 187 children aged from 7 to 12 were divided into three age-groups:7- to 8-year-old,9- to 10-year-old and 11-to 12-year-old.They perfonned the Stroop Color and Word Test and their reaction time and accuracy were recorded.Results Compared with incongruent trials ( ( 801.88 ± 344.05 ) ms ),the reaction time on congruent trials ( ( 743.16 ± 227.20ms ) of all the children was shorter( F ( 1,181 ) =7.29,P ＜ 0.0 1 ).The accuracy of congruent trials (0.94 ± 0.11 ) was higher than that of incongruent trials (0.90 ± 0.13 ) (F ( 1,181 ) =28.41,P ＜ 0.001 ).The reaction time difference of 7- to 8 -year-old children ( 117.81 ± 396.68 ) ms was longer than that of 9- to 10-year-old children ( ( 24.70 ± 177.65 ) ms) (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the reaction time of difference 9- to 10-year-old children and 11- to 12-year-old children ( (32.44 ± 120.07 ) ms) (P ＞ 0.05 ).The gender effect was not significant (F ( 1,181 )=1.69,P＞ 0.05).Condusion The inhibitory ability increases from 7 to 12-year-old.The ability of 9-to 12-year-old children is reasonably stable.There is no gender effect on children's inhibitory ability.

Objective To quantitatively analyze the early warning value of laboratory indexes for death risk in children with criti ‐cal hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) .Methods The univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the independent risk factors of death in critical HFMD children .Then the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was applied to give the comprehensive assessment of the test model ,as well as the early warning capacity and the optimal cut‐off level of laboratory indexes in critical HFMD children .Results The AUC of the Logistic regression model (Y ) established based on white blood cell ,neutrophil ,myoglobin ,creatinine for early predicting the death risk in critical HFMD children patients was 0 .847 (95% CI :0 .783 - 0 .911) ,which indicating that its diagnostic value was superior to single index .Conclusion The diag‐nostic value of the Y model established based on four indexes of white blood cell count ,neutrophile granulocytes count ,myohemo‐globin and creatinine is superior to any single index ,which has the better early warning value for the death risk in children with crit‐ical HFMD .

Good self-management behaviors can control symptoms of the patients with osteoarthritis, improve the patients' joint function and quality of life. Patients' self-management behaviors have been impacted by disease knowledge, self-effcacy, emotional state, and social support. All the above factors should been taken into full consideration when intervening. Self-management program is an intervention mode which can improve patient self-management behaviors and promote patient health.

AIM: To observe the effect of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) autologous blood transfusion on the EEG bispectral index and muscle relaxation in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery to explore the influence of autologous blood transfusion containing anesthetic components on the quality and safety of postoperative anesthesia recovery. METHODS: Forty patients, aged 65-75, weighing 55-80 kg, ASA grade I-II, with an estimated intraoperative blood loss of more than 600 mL, were selected for elective orthopedic surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=20): group A was given acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH), and the target value of Hct was 28%-30% after induction of anesthesia; group B was the control group which was given routine fluid infusion during operation without ANH. Bispectral index (BIS), TOF values and plasma concentrations of propofol and cisatracurium were measured at the beginning of autotransfusion (T