The concentration of cytosol receptors for estrogen(ERc).progestin(PRc).and androgen(ARc)were deterimined in the tissue specimens of uterine myoma,uterine myoadenopa-thy,and postmenopausal uterus and of normal endometrium and myometrium as well.It was found that the concentration of ERc.PRc and ARc was significantly higher in myomatous tissue than in normal myometrium.Remarkable difference existed of the concentration of sex steroid receptors between normal endometrium and adenomyosis tissue.Postmenopausal uterine tissue still retained high concentration of ERc.PRc and ARc.In addition,the regulation of sex steroids in these pathological conditions was discussed.

International experiences can provide evidences for general practitioners ( GPs) system building in China. The paper reviews the development of GP systems from several typical countries of different insurance sys-tems, including national health care systems, commercial medical insurance systems, and social medical insurance systems, etc. The factors that influence GPs systems are analyzed. It is found that the control force of health security system on health system, the control force of specialists on health system, the incentive mechanism of general prac-tice, and the development of general medicine influence the establishment of GPs systems. Finally, this paper pro-vide several policy implications:First, in order to meet the needs of public health, a GPs system with Chinese char-acteristics should be established;Second, the core values of general medicine should be promoted to provide public support for the establishment of a GPs system;Third, a sound incentive mechanism should be established for the de-velopment of a GPs system to improve the status of general practitioners;Fourth, the division of general practitioners and specialists should be promoted to improve the development of general medicine.

Our college has applied French-English analogy-educating method ( trilingual education )to the medicinal French bilingual-educating course by means of the interactions of different languages. As the kin relations between English and French in the axea of medicine, as well as their interactions from the origin to the modem medical applications, it can be an effective method to use analogy-educating method in the French study course in medicine, which means that the multi-lingual interactions can be used in the bilingual, even the multi-lingual educating activities of bilinguai educating process of other subjects.

Thymidine is a commercially useful precursor for production of antiviral compounds such as stavudine and azidothymidine. Biosynthesis of thymidine by Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) was studied using metabolic engineering methods. The deoA, tdk and udp of the salvage pathway were disrupted from E. coli BL21 to construct BS03 that produced 21.6 mg thymidine per liter. Additional deletion of pgi and pyrL increased the supply of thymidine precursors and the resulting strain BS05 produced 90.5 mg thymidine/L. At last, ushA, thyA, dut, ndk, nrdA and nrdB of thymidine biosynthetic pathway were overexpressed, and the resulting strain BS08 produced 272 mg thymidine/L. In fed-batch fermentation, BS08 accumulated 1248.8 mg thymidine/L. Metabolically engineered strain E. coli has potential applications for thymidine production.
Biosynthetic Pathways ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Metabolic Engineering ; Thymidine ; biosynthesis

This paper compared the practice and service mode of general practitioners ( GPs) from a selection of typical countries and regions and discovered that GPs from most of the countries were self-employed, with various forms of employment, freedom to practice and work in different institutions;fixed practices were supplemented, and service types were transformed from individual services to the multi-disciplinary team of services. Result: GPs’ free-dom to practice in different institutions requires a certain social environment and circumstances. The multi-disciplina-ry team of practices has become the development direction for the service modes of GPs. GPs have played different roles in establishing the referral system in the health systems of different countries. Consequently, the paper suggests that establishing a diverse and relaxed practice environment to provide conditions for the transformation of the service mode of GPs. The construction of a multi-disciplinary team to promote changes in community service modes was must be strengthened. Health insurance regulations should be encouraged to establish the gatekeeper system and realize a grading of systems. Social capital should be encouraged to organize general medical services to promote the develop-ment of the health care industry.

The British and French language analogy method in bilingual teaching was applied to the clinical students who were learning medical French in Kunming Medical University. Based on the students' good English foundation , a series of problems were solved properly such as contradictions between the professional course and foreign language classes , unmatched textbooks and teaching con-tents, the teachers' quality by lexical analogy and textual analogy and the rational allocation of the British and French language analogy teaching content. The teaching contents and methods were also properly worked out and good results were got.

Objective To compare the diagnostic performances of strain elastography (SE) and shear-wave elastography (SWE) in differentiating benign and malignant solid breast lesions. Methods From January 2015 to December 2015, 150 patients with 155 lesions were examined with SE and SWE respectively in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University. Elasticity scores on a improved 5-point scale,strain ratio (SR), maximum elasticity (Emax), mean elasticity (Emean), standard deviation of the elasticity (Esd) and the lesion-to-fat elasticity ratio (Eratio) were assessed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of SE and SWE parameters were plotted to assess the value in distinguishing benign and malignant breast lesions. The results were compared using the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The accuracy of the parameters with the largest AUC were compared between SE and SWE by McNemar test in different breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) categories. Results The AUC of elasticity scores, SR, Emax,Emean, Esd and Eratio were 0.823, 0.810, 0.877, 0.835, 0.881 and 0.853, respectively. The SE and SWE parameter with the largest AUC were elasticity scores and Esd respectively. The accuracy of Esd was higher than that of elasticity scores(86.3% vs 64.7%)in 4A lesions (2=4.639, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in accuracy in other BI-RADS categories. Conclusions Both SE and SWE were helpful for the differentiation of benign and malignant solid breast lesions, and the diagnostic performance of SE and SWE was similar. The optimization of elastography can be achieved by combination with BI-RADS.

Objective To observe the effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, assessment of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) effect on the level of HbA1c in patients with OSAHS. Methods From January 2013 to December 2016, eighty patients with OSAHS were divided into mild group, eighteen cases, moderate group twenty cases, severe group forty-two cases according to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI). Thirty healthy subjects were chosen as the control group. All the treatment groups were treated with CPAP for three months. Overnight polysomnography and HbA1c test were performed before and after treatment, and the control group was examined by HbA1c before treatment. Results The level of glycosylated hemoglobin in the middle and severe group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the glycated hemoglobin levels in the moderate and severe groups were significantly lower(P<0.05), and the sleep apnea hypopnea index, the lowest SaO2 and the average SaO2 level were significantly improved(P<0.01). Conclusion Glycated hemoglobin levels increased significantly in patients with moderate and severe OSAHS, and decreased HbA1c levels in patients with moderate and severe OSAHS after CPAP treatment.

Objective To evaluate the value of single leaflet replacement of bovine pericardium in the treatment of aortic valve insufficiency using transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography(TEE).Methods TTE and TEE examination were performed for 25 cases pre-operation,postpump intraoperative and 3-6 months after the operation,to judge the structure and the regurgitation of the aortic valve.And the inside diameter of left atrium(LA)and left ventricle(LV)in the same plane and the same phase were also been measured.Results The degree of aortic regurgitation(AR)before operation were significantly different with that postpump intraoperative(P＜0.001)evaluated by TEE.There was no difference in the degree of AR by postpump intraoperative TEE and those of AR by TTE 3-6 months after surgery(P＞0.1).The inside diameter of LA[(3.80±1.37)em]and LV[(5.75±1.32)cm]before repair were larger than those 3～6 months after surgery[LA(3.19±0.90)cm,LV(4.72±1.19)cm,P＜0.001].Conclusions The replacement of single aortic valve with bovine pericardium to treat aortic valve insufficiency is a good alternative for patients with satisfactory short-term results,but long-term results are not clear.

The "Assessment system for spiritual civilization development of service industries in Shanghai" is called into play to guide the survey of patients' satisfaction for service centers in hospital's outpatient clinics. Survey feedback recovered is analyzed with the key driving factors analysis model and the four-quadrant analysis. This practice identified the most critical areas to improve the satisfaction for such centers, providing theoretical references for constant quality improvement in hospitals, new insights for hospital branding, and guidelines for further health reforms.