Objective To study the distribution and molecular characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP) in patients with a‐cute diarrhea ,and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of VP infection .Methods From 2010 to 2014 ,62 VP iso‐lates were collected from patients with acute diarrhea ,for serotyping and virulence gene (tdh and tdh) detection of VP .Molecular characteristics analysis was carried out by using multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST) .Results 7 different serotypes were found from the 62 isolates .O3∶K6 was the most common serotype of VP ,accounting for 74 .19% (46 isolates) ,followed by O4∶K68 (6 isolates) .Tdh gene was the mainly virulence gene ,with a percentage of 95 .16% (59 isolates) ,only three isolates were trh positive . 7 STs were found through MLST analysis of 62 VP isolates ,among which ,ST3 was the most important type ,accounted for 85 .50%(53 isolates) .Conclusion O3∶ K6 serotype VP was the most prevalent type .Tdh gene is the most important virulence gene of WP .ST3 was the the dominant epidemic type .

Objective To explore the characteristics of food preferences in children with autism spectrum disorder,in order to provide some reference for treating the odd diet habits.Methods Comparing food selection styles through a self-made parents questionnaire including 113 kinds of common food in six categories in China in 162 cases of neurotypical children (NC) and 162 cases of children with autism (AC) to investigate the food preference characteristics of autistic children.Results Compared with NC,AC had narrow food repertoire in grain (NC refuse 0.0(1.0),AC refuse 1.0(2.0),P＜0.001),beans(NC refuse 0.0(1.0),AC refuse 1.0(2.0),P＜ 0.05),meat (NC refuse 0.0 (0.0),AC refuse 0.0 (2.0),P＜ 0.05),vegetables (NC refuse 3.0 (5.0),AC refuse 6.0(1.0),P＜0.001) and fruits(NC refuse 0.0(1.0),AC refuse 2.0(5.0),P＜0.001).There was no difference in the food preferences in neurotypical children of different gender.However,AC boys were more selective in the grain (NA girls refuse 0.0 (1.0),AC boys refuse 1.0 (2.0),P＜ 0.05) and vegetables (NA girls refuse 3.5 (5.0),AC boys refuse 7.0(11.0),P＜0.05) than AC girls.Moreover,AC had higher preference to lower acceptance in most of food than NC,but not instant noodles(NC acceptance 71.01％,AC acceptance 81.02％,P＜0.05) and chilli (NC acceptance 20.71％,AC acceptance 28.47％,P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with NC,AC have narrower food repertoire.On the other hand,AC have significantly higher acceptance of stimulating food like chili and instant noodle.

Objective To investigate the exercise performance in maintenance dialysis patients,and analyze its correlative factors.Methods Maintenance dialysis patients admitted in Tongji Hospital of Shanghai from December 2014 to March 2015 were enrolled,with their baseline data and biochemical measurement being collected.The anthropometric indexes including arm circumference,triceps skinfold,waist circumference and hip circumference were detected.The exercise activity was assessed by hand grip test,timed up and go test (3mTUG) and five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST).Patients were divided into fast group (3mTUG≤12 s) and slow group (3mTUG ＞ 12 s).Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to evaluate the factors influencing exercise performance in maintenance dialysis.Results There were 121 patients enrolled:62 on peritoneal dialysis and 59 on hemodialysis,76 men and 45 women.Patients' average age was (61.6± 13.0) years and median dialysis age was 31.7(12.3,69.0) months.There was no statistical difference between fast group (n=80) and slow group (n=41) in gender,dialysis method,dialysis age,body mass index (BMI),arm muscle area (AMA),waist-hip ratio (WHR),hemoglobin (Hb) and total cholesterol (TC).Patients in fast group were younger,had higher serum albumin,prealbumin,serum phosphate and iPTH,and less prevalence of diabetes than those in slow group.In exercise activity,patients in fast group had better performance in handgrip,3mTUG and FTSST (all P ＜ 0.05).Univariate analysis showed that,handgrip was correlated with sex (male),AMA,BMI,age,diabetes,serum phosphorus and TC;scores in FTSST was correlated with age,BMI,diabetes,WHR,dialysis method,dialysis age,prealbumin and serum phosphorus;scores in 3mTUG was correlated with age,diabetes,WHR,dialysis method and dialysis age,prealbumin,serum phosphorus and iPTH (all P ＜ 0.05).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that sex (male),age,AMA and diabetes were independently correlated with handgrip in dialysis patients (all P ＜ 0.05);age,dialysis method,BMI and diabetes were independently correlated with scores in FTSST (all P ＜ 0.05);age,dialysis method,diabetes and WHR were independently correlated with scores in 3mTUG (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The exercise performances of patients on maintenance dialysis are impaired.Age and diabetes are independent factor associated with the exercise performances of patients on maintenance dialysis.AMA is independently associated with upper limb movement,and dialysis method,BMI and WHR are independent factors associated with lower limb movement in dialysis patients.

AIM: To prepare a soluble hemangiopoietin(HAPO) protein and to construct pET22b(+) expression vector, to obtain pure recombinant HAPO protein and to measure its bioactivity. METHODS: HAPO cDNA was amplified using RT-PCR method from a commercial human fetal liver cDNA library. The resulting product was cloned into pET22b(+) vector and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant protein was isolated and purified by Ni~(2+)-NTA chelating resin and the chromatographies of SP Sepharose FF. The adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were measured by adhesion assay. RESULTS: HAPO gene with a reading frame of 897 bp was successfully cloned from human fetal liver cDNA library, the expressed pET22b(+)-HAPO fused protein existed in a soluble form, with the yield above 10% total bacterial protein and its purity achieved above 80%. The activity assay showed that the treatment of HAPO enhanced total adherence of HUVEC in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: HAPO protein can be expressed in a soluble form. HAPO may facilitate the homing of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in vitro.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Xanthium mongolicum Kitag. ethanol extract (EXM) on airway inflammation induced by house dust mite (HDM) in mice with allergic asthma, and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods:The mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, positive control group and low, medium and high dose groups, with 6 mice in each group. The low, medium and high dose groups were intragastrically administered with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of EXM, and the positive control group was given 1.56 mg/kg salbutamol solution. Mice in the blank group and the model group were intragastrically administered with equal volume of solvent, once a day for 8 consecutive days. Except the blank group, the other groups were sensitized with HDM on the 3rd, 4th and 5th days after administration to establish asthma models. After administration, the number of eosinophils (EOS), total cells and various kinds of cells (neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and EOS) in bronchial irrigation fluid (BALF) of mice were observed. The levels of serum IgE and inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13) in BALF and lung tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pathological and inflammatory changes of bronchial smooth muscle in mice were observed by HE and PAS.Results:Compared with the model group, the number of EOS significantly decreased ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), the total cells count, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes and EOS in BALF significantly decreased ( P<0.01), the content of IL-4 (142.59 ± 16.51 ng/L, 70.47 ± 20.63 ng/L vs. 212.18 ± 58.51 ng/L), IL-5 (57.49 ± 5.49 ng/L, 47.47 ± 6.30 ng/L vs. 72.65 ± 19.11 ng/L), IL-10 (98.51 ± 18.31 ng/L, 71.85 ± 9.15 ng/L vs. 120.16 ± 23.35 ng/L), IL-13 (85.81 ± 23.66 ng/L, 39.99 ± 17.37 ng/L vs. 149.07 ± 33.19 ng/L) in BALF significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the content of IL-4 (154.55 ± 25.70 ng/L, 143.30 ± 22.19 ng/L vs. 214.68 ± 31.95 ng/L), IL-5 (87.49 ± 5.95 ng/L, 61.84 ± 8.14 ng/L vs. 97.65 ± 12.10 ng/L), IL-10 (91.28 ± 18.69 ng/L, 62.04 ± 9.39 ng/L vs. 117.80 ± 20.72 ng/L), IL-13 (196.48 ± 15.90 ng/L, 132.02 ± 6.86 ng/L vs. 238.42 ± 28.41 ng/L) in lung homogenate significantly decreased ( P<0.05), the serum IgE level in the high dose group significantly increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The Xanthium mongolicum Kitag. can inhibit allergic asthma induced by HDM, which may be through inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by pulmonary macrophages.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of real-time quantitative PCR (RtPCR) with small volume regarding the stability, efficiency and reliability of amplification, and determine the optimal quantity of cDNA template suitable for small PCR volume. Methods The experiment was carried out in 3 groups with 10, 15 and 20μL reaction volume, respectively. In each group, rat β-actin mRNA was detected by RtPCR with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4μL rat cDNA as template, respectively. The amplification curve and melting curve were used to evaluate the reaction stability. The fitting of a curve of gradient templates against threshold cycle numbers was to show the reaction efficiency and the linear correlativity was to estimate the suitability of the template quantity. In addition, in order to estimate reliability, pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) rat model was established, and spleen TNF-α mRNA expression was detected by RtPCR with the selected reaction volumes. Results The amplification of rat β-actin mRNA was specific and stable in 10μL, 15μL and 20μL PCR volume, and had a high efficiency. Furthermore, the standard curves fitted by 0.1-0.4μL gradient templates showed a significant linear correlation in each volume group. When the 10μL and 20μL PCR volumes, and 0.2μL cDNA templates were chosen, the TNF-α mRNA expression in PIA rat spleen showed significant upregulation in both two volume groups as anticipated. Conclusion The experiment shows that it is feasible in the RtPCR amplification to use the small reaction volume of 10μL and 15μL, which has good stability and reliability. And 0.1-0.4μL templates are all suitable for the reaction system. PCR with small volume can not only save the reagents and template, especially rare clinical specimens, but also is helpful for the realization of high-throughput reaction.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of lymphocyte count as a surrogate for CD4+T cell count in treatment-na(i)ve HIV-infected adults.Methods A total of 2 013 HIV-infected patients were screened at 23 sites in China.CD4+ T cell counts were measured by flow cytometry.Correlation between CD4+ T cell count and peripheral lymphocyte count were analyzed by spearman coefficient.AUCRoc were used to evaluate the performance of lymphocyte count as a surrogate for CD4+ T cell count.Results The lymphocyte count and CD4+T cell count of these 2 013 patients were (1 600±670) × 106/L and (244 ± 148) × 106/L respectively.CDa+ T cell count were positively correlated with lymphocyte count(r =0.482,P ＜0.000 1).AUCROC of lymphocyte count as a surrogate for CD4+ T cell counts of ＜ 100 × 106/L,＜200 × 106/L and ＜ 350 × 106/L were 0.790 (95％ CI 0.761-0.818,P ＜ 0.000 1),0.733 (95％ CI 0.710-0.755,P ＜ 0.000 1) and 0.732 (95％ CI 0.706-0.758,P ＜ 0.000 1) respectively.Conclusion Lymphocyte count could be considerad as a potential surrogate marker for CD4+ T cell count in HIV/AIDS patients not having access to T cell subset test by flowcytometry.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on the expressions of autophagy related protein Beclin-1 and apoptosis related protein p53 of hippocampus in rats;To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture on Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods The rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the sham-operation group, the model group, and the electroacupuncture treatment group. “Baihui” and “Yongquan” points were taken for electroacupuncture treatment and the treatment course was 7 days. The rats were treated once a day for 4 courses. Changes in morphology and number of Nissl positive cells were examined by Nissl staining in hippocampal CA1 regions. Expressions of Beclin-1 and p53 protein were determined by Western blot analysis.Results Number of Nissl positive cells in CA1 region of the model group was significantly less than that of normal group (P<0.01). After electroacupuncture treatment, number of pyramidal cells and expression of Nissl body significantly increased (P<0.05). Expression of Beclin-1 decreased, while expression of p53 increased in the hippocampus of the model group, compared with that in the normal group (P<0.05). However, electroacupuncture treatment could significantly upregulate the expression of Beclin-1 protein (P<0.01), but downregulate the level of p53 (P<0.05).Conclusion Electro-acupuncture treatment could fight against Aβ-induced neuronal apoptosis, and improve the morphological changes of AD’s hippocampus.

Objective To explore the mechanism of icariin mediating migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in rat bone marrow. Methods MSC proliferation was detected by CCK-8 test. Cell apoptosis was examined with Hoechst33342 staining after the establishment of cellular oxygen and glucose deprivation model. The protein expressions of CXCR4, the receptor of SDF-1, in the surface of MSC after stimulated by icariin were detected through Western blot. The migration of MSC was observed by Transwell chemotaxis assay. Results 0.01μmol/L, 0.1μmol/L and 1μmol/L of icariin could significantly promote the proliferation of MSC, while 10μmol/L of icariin inhibited the proliferation of MSC. After treatment of oxygen and glucose deprivation in vitro, 0.1μmol/L and 1μmol/L of icariin could inhibit the apoptosis of MSC. Icariin could not only improve the expression of CXCR4 in MSC, but also increase the number of transmembrane migrated MSC. After the addition of CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, there was no significant difference in the number of cell migration among the different groups. Conclusion Icariin with appropriate concentration can promote the proliferation, survival and migration of MSC. SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of MSC migration by icariin.

Objective To analyze the correlation between CD4+ T cell count and HLA-DR or CD38 expression on peripheral CD8+ T cells in treatment-naive Chinese HIV/AIDS patients.Methods A total of 471 treatment-naive HIV-infected patients and 53 healthy volunteers were enrolled.HLA-DR or CD38 expression on peripheral CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cell count, naive CD4+ T cell subsets and CD28 expression on T cells were measured by flow cytometry.Plasma HIV RNA load was quantified by real-time PCR (COBAS TaqMan RT-PCR).Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation test were used for statistical analysis.Results CD38 expression intensity on CD8+ T cells was negatively correlated with CD4+ T cell count (r =-0.53, P ＜ 0.001) and naive CD4+ T cell count (r =-0.48, P ＜ 0.001).CD38 expression on CD8+ T cells also displayed significantly negative correlation with CD28 expression on CD8+ T cells (r =-0.46, P ＜ 0.001).HLA-DR expression on CD8+ T cells did not show significant correlation with CD4+ T cell count.Only weak positive correlation was found between CD38 intensity on CD8+ T cells and plasma HIV RNA load.Conclusions Compared with HLA-DR, CD38 expression on CD8+ T cells shows more significant negative correlation with CD4+ T cell count in treatment-naive patients.CD38 and HLA-DR may play different roles on the persistent immune activation in HIV infection.