The vaccination of older adults is receiving increasing attention from the whole society.The majority of deaths caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) are older adults,especially those with underlying diseases.Severe acute respiratory symptom coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have proved to have a significant protection against severe disease and death in the older adults.At present,the vaccination coverage rate of older adults in China is insufficient,and the main obstacles from the audience include the lack of popular vaccination education and willingness to vaccination,while there are also problems from vaccine providers,such as the lack of vaccines suitable for the elderly and the high price of vaccine.This paper summarized the market status and research progress of vaccines for the older adults in China,and analyzed the effects of underlying diseases,immune aging and previous infection history or vaccination history of older adults on the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines.The strategies of vaccine development for the older adults were discussed in terms of the application of novel adjuvants to improve immunogenicity,optimization of vaccine preclinical study evaluation criteria based on the immune system characteristics of older adults,focus on enhancing cellular immune response,and development of vaccines for oral and inhalation vaccination.

Objective To assess the sanitary quality of finished water produced by seawater desalination plant.Methods Using reverse osmosis for seawater desalination,the microbiological indexes,the levels of chloride and the pH values of finished water after seawater desalination were determined and then were assessed based on the National Method for Determination of Drinking Water(GB 5750-1985).Results After seawater desalination,the level of fluoride in finished water was 426 mg/L,the total count of bacteria of 3 finished water samples among 9 samples exceeded the standedard(350,300,4016/L),the pH valuer were qualified on the whole,except one lower value of 5.74 and a higher value of 8.94.Conclusicn After the treatment by seawater desalination system,the level of residual chloride in finished water was higher which approached the related highest limit ruled by National Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water,the microbiological indexes and pH values of finished water were unstable.

[Abstract ] Objective Explore the clinical pathological characteristics and diagnostic methods on ent mucous epidermoid carcinoma.Methods Collection of 20 cases with ent mucous epidermoid carcinoma in our hospital,using immunohistochemical method to detect patients with CK and EMA,CEA and CK8 ex-pression.Results Twenty patients were men,of which the high differentiation of 17 cases,3 cases of poorly differentiated.CK ,EMA and CEA in patients with tumor tissue and CK8 were positive expression. Conclusions Ent mucous epidermoid carcinoma is a kind of relatively rare ent tumor,its clinical patholog-ical features and tumor tissue in CK and EMA,CEA and CK8 expressed help to identify and diagnosis.

Objective To understand the e ff ectiveness of parasite ova sediment and non-hazardous treatment of two-grille la trines. Methods Two-grille latrines were recon n oitered in the field according to the non-hazardous treatment criteria, and th e sediment of parasite ova, the value of fecal coliform bacteria, NH 3-N, CODcr of the samples from the Grille 1 and Grille 2 of latrines were detected.Results The structure of some two-grille latrines was n o t in accord with the non-hazardous treatment criteria.Parasite ova were detecte d from the Grille 2 of one latrine. Six of 16 latrines were not eligible for non -ha zardous treatment according to the value of fecal coliform bacteria in Grille 2. Conclusion It is not suggested to popularize th e two-grille latrine yet, but it can be used as an interim form for excrement n on-hazardous treatment in rural areas. [

Objective To investigate the NO and NOS activities of retina tissue after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rabbit and the effects of taurine on them. Methods Twenty four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group, shock and resuscitation (SR) group and taurine group. Chromatometry was used to detect the NOS activities. Results The ON content and NOS activities, either in retina tissue or in plasm, increased significantly 3 h after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (P

Objective: To determine the contents of thromboxane (TXA_2) and prostacyclin (PGI_2) in optic nerves after acute intraocular hypertension injury so as to provide experimental data for the treatment of the clinical intraocular hypertension. Methods: A rabbit acute intraocular hypertension injury model was established by 90-min anterior chamber douche. Thirty adult rabbits were equally randomized into 5 groups: 4 intraocular hypertension injury groups (60 min, 90 min, 24 h and 48 h after intraocular tension normalization) and a normal control group. The eyes of all rabbits were removed and the homogenate of optic nerves was used to determine the contents of TXB_2 and 6-Keto-PGF_ 1?, and the metabolites of TXA_2 and PGI_ 2 by radioimmunoassay. Results: The contents of TXB_2 and 6-Keto-PGF_ 1? in the 60 min and 90 min groups were significantly higher than those of the normal control group (P

Objective To develop two-grille latrines with the effect of non-hazardous treatment. Methods According to the result of the pretest, one type of two-grille latrines was selected and constructed and its effect of non-hazardous treatment was evaluated. Results The faces-treatment pool, with cement-prefab structure and obturation, had a total cubage of 1.32 m3. The average total amount of faces in the pool was 1.05 m3 per family per month, and the pool could store the faces for over 34 days. The “reaching criteria rate” of the parasite ova sediment and the value of the fecal coliform bacteria were 100% among the excrement in the outlet. Conclusions The prefab two-grille latrines can reach the criteria of non-hazardous treatment, and they can be used in well-off rural areas without the usage of manure.

Objective To investigate the myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction (ILVNC) and analyze the correlation between MPI and MRI.Methods Nineteen patients (14 males,5 females,age range:15-76 years) with ILVNC diagnosed by cardiac MRI were recruited.All patients underwent 99Tcm-MIBI MPI.Both MPI and cardiac MRI were analyzed using a 17-segment model.The thickness ratio of the non-compacted to compacted layers of myocardium (NC/C) was calculated,and segments with NC/C＞2.3 were considered as noncompaction.The incidences of delayed enhancement (DE) and myocardial perfusion abnormalities in non-compacted segments and compacted segments were calculated.x2 test was used for categorical data.The Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to assess the relationship between the numbers of myocardial segments with myocardial perfusion abnormalities/noncompaction/DE and lgLVEF.Results Of 19 patients,myocardial perfusion abnormality was found in 16 (84.2％) patients.The incidences of perfusion abnormality were 33.6％ (36/107) in non-compacted segments and 31.9％ (69/216) in compacted segments,respectively (x2=0.09,P＞0.05).There were 31 segments with DE.The incidences of DE were 5.6％ (6/107) in non-compacted segments and 11.6％ (25/216) in compacted segments,respectively (x2 =2.94,P＞0.05).The incidence of reduced perfusion was higher in segments with DE than those in segments without DE (54.8％ (17/31) vs 30.1％ (88/292) ; x2 =7.80,P＜0.01).The lgLVEF and the numbers of myocardial segments with noncompaction/DE/myocardial perfusion abnormalities were not correlated(r=-0.35,0.15,-0.34,all P＞0.05).Conclusion Most patients with ILVNC have myocardial perfusion abnormality,which can be observed both in non-compacted and compacted myocardium.Further research is required to elucidate the role of myocardial perfusion abnormality in ILVNC.

Urodynamic examination is a standard way for the diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunction. However，it is affected by many factors. In order to increase the accuracy and repeatability of urodynamic result and promote the development of urodynamic center，some improvement measures were implemented，such as strengthening nursing work，improving examinational environment，protecting patients' privacy，providing active health education and psychological nursing.

Objective To investigate the alterations of Treg cells , Th17 cells and related cyto-kines in peripheral blood of patients during the early stage of hand-foot-mouth disease ( HFMD) .Methods Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the percentages of Treg cells ( CD4+CD25+Foxp3 T cells) and Th17 cells ( CD3+CD8-IL-17+T cells) in peripheral blood samples collected from 49 patients with severe HFMD , 26 patients with common HFMD and 30 healthy children.The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23 and TGF-β1 in serum samples were measured by ELISA .Results The percentages of Treg cells , ratios of Treg/Th17 cells, serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in patients with HFMD were significantly decreased as compared with those of control group (F=5.580, 6.205, 0.000, 0.014, respectively, P<0.05).Patients with se-vere HFMD showed a significantly increased Th17 cells (F=3.189 P<0.05) and a tendency of enhanced IL-17 expression , but no significant differences with the levels of IL-17 were observed .No significant differ-ences with the expression of IL-23 in the patients among each group were detected (P>0.05).The levels of IL-6 in serum samples from severe disease group were obviously increased as compared with those of common HFMD group and control group (F=7.318, P<0.05).Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that the levels of Treg , Th17 cells and some related cytokines were varied in peripheral blood of patients dur-ing the early stage of HFMD .Inflammatory responses were enhanced to promote anti-virus activities by sup-pressing Treg cells and stimulating Th17 cells.