OBJECTIVE To investigate the drug resistance status of Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli and(Enterobacter cloacae) for reasonable use of antibiotics. METHODS After genus identification,drug resistance profile was analyzed by K-B method. RESULTS The predominant isolates from Enterobacteriaceae were(K.penumoniae) and E.coli.The resistant rate of the three commonly encountered bacteria in Enterobacteriaceae to antibiotics ascended yearly,with increasing isolates harboring ESBLs from 16.5%(2000) to 32.4%(2004). CONCLUSIONS Rational use of antibiotics should be obey the results of laboratory antibiotics susceptibility test to control the increasing trend and forbid outbreak of resistance.

OBJECTIVE To investigate drug resistance status of common bacteria to ciprofloxacin in hospital for reasonable use of antibiotics.METHODS After genus identification,drug resistance profile was analyzed by K-B method.RESULTS The resistant rate of common bacteria to ciprofloxacin ascended yearly from 40.8%(2000) to(51.7%)(2004),which predominated with Escherichia coli,coagulase negative Staphylococcus and S.aureus,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Rational use of fluoroquinolones should be obey the results of laboratory antibiotics suceptibility test to control the increasing trend of resistance.

BACKGROUND:In the clinical treatment of diabetic retinopathy, the therapeutic effects of different filers on the retina and optic nerve after the removal of the vitreous are lack of comprehensive and detailed reports. OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes of retina and optic nerve in patients with diabetic retinopathy after filing cyclic polydimethylsiloxane. METHODS: Totaly 147 patients with diabetic retinopathy undergoing vitreous removal were enroled, including 77 males and 70 females, aged 35to70 years. The vitreous from 74 patients with diabetic retinopathy was filed with cyclic polydimethylsiloxane (test group). The cyclic polydimethylsiloxane was taken out at 3 months post-operation. The vitreous from another 73 patients with diabetic retinopathy was filed with the whole fluorine propane (control group). The changes of retina, optic nerve, intraocular pressure, and the occurrence of vitreous re-hemorrhage and cataract after operation were observed in these two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 7 days of folow-up, the intraocular pressure of patients in the test group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After 6 months of folow-up, there was no significant difference in the intraocular pressure between these two groups. After 6 months of folow-up, cyclic polydimethylsiloxane was successfuly removed in the test group, retinal blood vessels became thinning with the presence of white sheath, and the number of optic nerves was higher than the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of vitreous re-hemorrhage and cataract in the test was higher than the control group (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that after the removal of the vitreous, cyclic polydimethylsiloxane filing can lead to optic atrophy in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To study the influence of preoperative splenectomy on liver transplantation for portal hypertension and the management of complications.Methods From January 2008 to January 2013,a total of 136 patients underwent liver transplantation for portal hypertension (PHT) in Hepatobiliary Surgery Center,Fuzhou General Hospital of PLA Nanjing Military Region.Pre-liver transplantation splenectomy was carried out in 19 patients.We randomly selected according to the operation time 50 cases of liver transplantation as the control group.The operation time,bleeding,blood transfusion,infection,the incidence of acute rejection,biliary complication rate,survival rate,postoperative platelet recovery and arteriovenous thrombosis were analyzed.Results The preoperative group has longer surgical time,intraoperative blood loss,blood transfusion volume increased obviously,infection rate increased significantly compared with the control group.The accumulate survival rate of preoperative splenectomy group was significantly lower than that of the control group.The platelet count of the preoperative splenectomy group was significantly higher than that of the control group.The platelet count of both groups experienced the process of first rise after falling.Although the platelet count of the preoperative splenectomy group was higher than that of the control group,but there was no statistically significant difference.Conclusions Liver transplantation in PHT patients with previous splenectomy may lead to some unfavorable consequences including increases of technical diffculty of surgery,operative duration,intraoperative bleeding,postoperative infection and other serious complications,and surgical mortality.Therefore,splenectomy should be performed cautiously for the patients who may receive liver transplantation in the future.

Objective: To investigate the status of physical fitness among children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District, Beijing Municipality, so as to provide insights into improvements in children's physical fitness. Methods: Physical fitness test data were collected from children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District based on the Fifth National Physical Fitness Monitoring Program, including basic characteristics, body shape, physical function and quality. The physical fitness test results were compared among children with different genders and ages, and factors affecting the physical fitness were identified among children at ages of 3 to 6 years using a multiple linear regression model. Results: Totally 988 children at ages of 3 to 6 years were enrolled, including 490 boys (49.60%) and 498 girls (50.40%), and 300 children at an age of 3 years (30.36%), 329 children at an age of 4 years (33.30%), 297 children at an age of 5 years (30.06%) and 62 children at an age of 6 years (6.28%). The participants had a mean height of (109.46±7.31) cm, body weight (18.98±3.82) kg, sitting height of (61.99±3.39) cm, chest circumference of (52.87±4.04) cm, static heart rate of (98.04±9.61) beats per minute, grip strength of (4.78±2.22) kg, standing long jump of (75.01±21.89) cm, seated forward bend of (10.07±4.51)cm, double-foot continuous jump of (7.54±3.84) s, 15-meter obstacle run of (8.73±1.66) s and balance beam walking of (8.54±4.72) s. Boys had greater sitting height, chest circumference and grip strength and lower 15-meter obstacle run and static heart rate than girls (P<0.05), while girls had higher seated forward bend than boys (P<0.05). There were significant differences in all test items among children at different ages (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis identified non-only child (β'=0.064), non-overweight/obesity (β'=0.192), 2 hours and longer daily indoor physical activity (β'=0.156), exercise intensitby (adequate, β'=0.218; generally, β'=0.151), father's height of 170 cm and shorter (β'=-0.075), mother's height of 160 cm and shorter (β'=-0.081), and parents' educational level (undergraduate, β'=0.017; postgraduate, β'=0.084) as factors affecting physical fitness among children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District. Conclusions The body shape development is relatively good among children at ages of 3 to 6 years in Chaoyang District; however, the physical quality remains to be improved. The only child, overweight/obesity, duration of indoor physical activity, exercise intensity, parental height and parental educational level are factors affecting physical fitness among children.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the leaching liquids of the pure titanium porcelain crowns with barium titanate coating on the proliferation of L929 cells,and to evaluate its cytotoxicity level.Methods:The L929 ceils were cultured in vitro with leaching liquids of titanium porcelain specimens with barium titanate coating (group A),and titanium porcelain specimens(group B) for 1,3 and 5 days respectively.RPMI1640 containing 10％ fetal bovine serum and 1％ phenol was served as the negative(group C) and positive control group(group D),respectively.MTT method was used to test the effects of barium titanate coating on the proliferation of mouse fibroblast L929 cells,the cytotoxicity of the 4 groups was graded.Results:L929 cells of the group showed normal morphology and vigorous growth except group D.During the whole experiment,the absorbance values of group A was greater than that of group C(P ＜0.05).The cytotoxic gradation of group A grade 0.Conclusion:Titanium porcelain specimens with barium titanate coating has a good cytocompatibility.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of different interventional mode in treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma with decompensated liver cirrhosis.Methods 132 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied by decompensational liver cirrhosis were undertaken transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization(TACE,Group A,n=36),segmental transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization(S-TACE,Group B,n=54)and S-TACE + radiofrequency ablation(RFA) + percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI)(multi-interventional therapy,Group C,n=42).Univariate analysis and multivariate COX proportional hazard regression model were used to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis.Results All patients of A,B,C groups had been followed up for 3 months to 48 months,with median survival times of 4.1 months,9.4 months(P 50%) demonstrated as 8.3%,31.5%(P

Objective To develop two-grille latrines with the effect of non-hazardous treatment. Methods According to the result of the pretest, one type of two-grille latrines was selected and constructed and its effect of non-hazardous treatment was evaluated. Results The faces-treatment pool, with cement-prefab structure and obturation, had a total cubage of 1.32 m3. The average total amount of faces in the pool was 1.05 m3 per family per month, and the pool could store the faces for over 34 days. The “reaching criteria rate” of the parasite ova sediment and the value of the fecal coliform bacteria were 100% among the excrement in the outlet. Conclusions The prefab two-grille latrines can reach the criteria of non-hazardous treatment, and they can be used in well-off rural areas without the usage of manure.

Objective To investigate radiation-related human plasma metabolic features by using metabonomics method and to analyze relative metabolic pathway .Methods The plasma samples of 40 patients pre-and post-total body irradiation (TBI) from January 2012 to May 2014 were collected, and the effect of TBI on human plasma metabolites was studied by gas chromatography mass spectrometry ( GC-MS) , and the differential plasma metabolic features related to irradiation damage were screened . Results The levels of glucose, myristic acid, oxalic acid, 3-hydroxy butyric acid, urea, aspartic acid, valine, leucine, lysine and threonine in plasma were significantly (P<0.05) increased after TBI, while the levels of cholesterol, pyruvic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, alanine, glycine, inositol, sorbitan, ethylene glycol and hypoxanthine were decreased drastically (P<0.05).Conclusions TBI could cause significant changes in the levels of human plasma metabolites including amino acid metabolism , glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and so on.