Objective To investigate the effect of dysphagia screening and prospective interventional nursing in reducing the aspiration pneumonia in stroke patients.Methods 186 patients with acute stroke were randomly divided into control group and interventional group,93 cases in each group.The Watian drinking water test was used to screen dysphagia,and the routine nursing was used in the control group.The combined screening of Watian drinking water test and oxygen desaturation monitoring was used to screen dysphagia,and prospective intervention nursing in addition to the routine nursing was used in the interventional group.The detection rate of dysphagia and the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in 4 weeks were compared between the two groups.Results The detection rate of dysphagia in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group (41.9% vs 19.4%,χ2 =11.16,P <0.01),and the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was lower than that in the control group (12.9% vs 4.3%,χ2 =4.38,P <0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of dysphagia can be improved by using the combined screening of Watian drinking water test and oxygen desaturation monitoring.The incidence of aspiration pneumonia can be reduced by using combined screening with additional prospective interventional nursing.

Objective To study the pharmacological action and clinical application of flavonoids.MethodsThe pharmacological effects of flavonoids were analyzed, and the related literatures were searched and analyzed.This paper describes the pharmacological action mechanism and clinical application of flavonoids, analyzes its biological activity, combined with the related structure and function, and gives a more detailed description of the study of flavonoids.ResultsAfter analysis, the pharmacological effects of flavonoids on human cardiovascular system, digestive system, nervous system, immune system, and so on have a certain impact.The effect of flavonoids on the nervous system is mainly manifested in the analgesic, anti-inhibition and anti-aging.The antibacterial and antiviral effects of flavonoids are mainly antibacterial, antiviral activity and anti HIV activity.Flavonoids have good protective effects on liver injury, such as chemical liver injury, alcoholic liver injury, immunological liver injury, reperfusion liver injury and so on.Flavonoids can inhibit the growth and reproduction of tumor cells, and can promote the expression of tumor suppressor genes and promote the proliferation of tumor cells.The chemical structure of flavonoids is similar to that of estrogen, which is a kind of isoflavone, which has the physiological action of estrogen, and has a certain effect on estrogen.ConclusionThe flavone is extracted from various plants, belonging to the polyphenol compounds, with certain biological activity, were analyzed for the clinical application of its pharmacological action, has many applications of anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, immunoregulation and liver protection and analgesic, a variety of biological activity, is widely applied in clinical.

Objective To investigate the indoor air pollution caused by construction materials and decoration materials and present scientific data for controlling indoor air pollution caused by construction and decoration materials. Methods 126 samples collected from 44 newly decorated rooms in some districts of Luohe city. The levels of ammonia, benzene and formaldehyde were analyzed according to the national standard. Results The rates of exceed standard of benzene and formaldehyde concentration were 8.7% and 72.2% respectively. Formaldehyde concentration was 3.4 times of the national standard limit averagely. Ammonia and dimethylbenzene were not detected. Conclusion Some decoration materials can pollute the indoor air. The formaldehyde and benzene concentration tend to decrease as time goes on.

Objective:To analyze the podocalyxin (PCX) expression in the kidney and the number of urinary podocytes in different pathological grades of Henoch-Sch(o)nlein purpura nephritis (HSPN),and to determine whether the number of urinary podocytes reflects the renal damage in HSPN.Methods:Fifty-six children diagnosed with HSPN in our hospital were enrolled in the study and classified into 4 groups by renal pathology:grade Ⅱ (Ⅱa+Ⅱb) (n=10),grade Ⅲ (Ⅲa+Ⅲb) (n=21),grade Ⅳ (n=16),and grade Ⅴ (n=9).Four kidney autopsy specimens without histomorphologic lesions and 8 urine samples from healthy children served as controls.With immunofluorescence assay,the PCX expression in 4 normal renal tissues and in the renal tissues of the 56 HSPN children was detected and quantitatively analyzed.Positive rate and the number of urinary podocytes were detected in the 8 healthy children and 56 HSPN children.Results:In the renal tissues of the normal control group and grade Ⅱ (Ⅱa+Ⅱb) HSPN group,the PCX expression was complete.The percentage of the PCX positive area out of the total glomerular area in the renal tissues of 2 groups had no significant difference (P＞0.05).In the renal tissues of grade Ⅲ (Ⅲa+Ⅲb),Ⅳ,and Ⅴ HSPN groups,the PCX expression showed various degrees of loss,decreasing in turn from grade Ⅱ (Ⅱa+Ⅱb),Ⅲ (Ⅲa+Ⅲb),Ⅳ to Ⅴ,with significant differences between each group (P＜0.01).For HSPN with grade Ⅲ (Ⅲa+Ⅲb) or higher,positive PCX expression was found in the urine,suggesting the presence of enough podocytes in the urine.The percentage of fluorescence positive area out of the total glomerular area of PCX in the renal tissues was negatively correlated with the total number of urinary podocytes (r=-0.637,P＜0.01).Conclusion:Podocyte injury plays a certain role in the pathological progression of HSPN.The urinary detection ofpodocytes can reflect the degrees of pathological damage in HSPN.

Objective To investigate indications,pacing modes,pacing parameters and postoperative complications of pacemaker implantation for patients aged 80 years or over.Methods Patients were recruited on a continuous basis and were assigned into two groups,with 112 patients in the very elderly (80-90 years old) group and 484 patients in the elderly (60-79 years old) group,which served as the control.Follow-up observations with the two groups were conducted concerning indications,mode selection,pacing parameters and postoperative complications.Results Compared with the control group,the very elderly group showed:1) a higher rate of coronary heart disease (58cases vs.163 cases or 51.8％ vs.33.7％ ; x2 =12.78,P＜0.01) ; 2) more single-chamber pacemaker implantations (63 cases vs.217 cases or 56.3％ vs.44.8％; x2=4.76,P＜0.05) and fewer dual-or multi-chamber pacemaker implantations (49 cases vs.267 cases or 43.8％ vs.55.2％ ; x2 =4.76,P＜0.05) ; 3) a higher rate of double bundles branch block (19 cases vs.31 cases or 17.0％ vs.6.4％ ; x2=13.20,P＜0.01); 4) a higher rate of postoperative acute cerebral infarction (x2 =8.34,P＜0.01) ; and 5) increased ventricular [(0.78±0.24)V vs.(0.55±0.16)V,P＜0.05]and atrial [(1.07±0.22)V vs.(0.84±0.28)V,P＜0.05]pacing thresholds.Conclusions Special considerations should be made when pacemaker implantation is planned for patients aged 80 or over.Pacemaker selection decisions ought to be based on a comprehensive evaluation of relevant clinical situations so that clinical benefits can be maximized.

Objective:To investigate the roles of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD(ASC),one of differentially expressed proteins in neutrophil death induced by ONO-AE-248.Methods:Human neutrophils were cultured in vitro with or without ONO-AE-248(5?10-5 mol/L).The expression of ASC mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.PMN proteins were extracted at 12 h and then separated by 2D electrophoresis.20 differentially expressed proteins were selected and determined by PDQest 2-DE software.Results:ONO-AE-248 decreased the expression of ASC mRNA strikingly in 2 hours;ASC was one of the important differentially expressed proteins between spontaneous apoptosis and non-apoptosis programmed cell death induced by ONO-AE-248 in 12 hour and ASC protein point was weaker in ONO-AE-248 group.Conclusion:ASC might act as double switch that leads to apoptosis of neutrophils in the high expression and removes the forbiddance of pathway of ONO-AE-248 signals in the low expression,resulting in non-apoptosis programmed cell death of neutrophils.

Objective To explore the distributions of genotypes of HPV infection in CIN and cervical carcinoma. Methods Cervical exfoliated cells were collected from 365 patients with abnormal cervical histology , and subjected to genotyping assay. Results The most prevalent HPV types were 16, 18,52, 58 and 33. The prevalence ratio of HPV 33,52,58 was signi cantly lower in squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple infections decreased from CIN II/III to cervical cancer. Conclusion Besides HPV 16/18, the 52/58/33 subtypes are also important in the development of cervical cancer.

Objective To explore the factors related to the delayed graft function (DGF). Methods Clinical data of 150 recipients were collected and performed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis . In addition, the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphism of 172 donors and 157 healthy persons was analyzed by multiple PCR and SSP-PCR. Results DGF was observed in 24 patients among 150 recipients. Pretranplantation dialysis mode, PR A levels and recipient gender were uncorrelated with the incidence of DGF(P>0. 05). Urinary volume of the second 24 hours after transplantation was an independent predictor of DGF(RR=1. 002, P = 0. 001). The frequency of donor's null GSTM1 in DGF group was significantly higher than that in non-DGF group(P<0. 05). Conclusions Urinary volume of the second 24 hours after transplantation could be a predictor for DGF. The null GSTM1 in donor might be one of the factors related to the EGF.

Objective To understand the quality of sleeping in medical students, and provide a reference basis for designing sleep health management program for college students. Methods The survey was conducted at a medical college in Shanxi province with stratified random sampling and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. Totally 210 individuals were enrolled, 199 completed the questionnaire, with a response rate of 93.5%. SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out for socio-demographic data. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and non-parametric test were used to compare the scores of PSQI between participants. Multiple stepwise linear regression was used to determine influencing factors of sleep quality. Results The average score of PSQI for the 199 medical students interviewed was (6.74±2.42), the incidence of sleep disorder was 50.25%, the overall sleep quality was not high. Learning pressure of medical student had statistically significant in PSQI (Completely unmatched, 5.14 ± 2.32, Mostly unmatched, 5.93 ± 2.73, Mostly matched, 6.70 ± 2.42, Absolutely matched, 7.39 ± 2.10, F=3.366, P=0.020), employment pressure of medical students in PSQI (Completely unmatched, 6.50 ± 0.71, Mostly unmatched, 6.80 ± 3.24, Mostly matched, 5.98 ± 2.14, Absolutely matched, 7.14 ± 2.35, F=3.134, P=0.027). Grade (β=-0.172, P<0.05) and learning pressure (β=0.210, P<0.01) were the main influence factors for students. Conclusion Sleep quality of medical students was not high, upper grade was worse than low grade, the incidence of sleep disorder had increasing trend as learning pressure and degree of employment pressure worsen.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on back three-acupoints ( namely bilateral Dazhu, Fengmen, Feishu) on the protein and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and Smad3 in asthmatic rat airway remodeling model, and to explore its therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanism. Methods Rat asthma model was established by inhalation of ovalbumin. After sensitization for 6 weeks, rats were killed. And then the airway morphological parameters of rats were measured by image analysis. The protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) respectively. Results Compared with the blank group, the standardized values of muscle cross-sectional area including airway smooth muscle area (WAm) /perimeter of the basement membrane (Pbm), and bronchial inner wall area (WAi)/Pbm were increased in the model group. The protein and mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 were also increased in the model group. In electroacupuncture group, the above observation indexes were decreased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05 compared with the model group). Conclusion The experimental results indicated that back three-acupoint electroacupuncture has an effect on remodeling airway, and one of the mechanisms is probably associated with the regulation of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.