Objective To monitor the dynamic changes in liver stiffness and their correlation with clinical indicators among chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected individuals in Wuwei City, Gansu Province, and to provide important evidence for the early detection and effective intervention of liver fibrosis (LF) progression. Methods Based on the Wuwei Hepatitis B Specialty Cohort, this study conducted annual serological and FibroScan ultrasonographic examinations for 3 882 chronic HBV-infected individuals. Over an average of 4 years of follow-up, the liver fibrosis outcome was monitored, and influencing factors were analyzed by constructing a logistic regression model. Results Among the 2 053 chronic HBV-infected individuals who completed at least one follow-up, baseline LF grades F0 to F4 were distributed as follows: 1 581 cases (77.0%), 164 cases (8.0%), 99 cases (4.8%), 110 cases (5.4%), and 99 cases (4.8%), respectively. Significant differences were observed among the five groups in terms of age, gender, smoking, antiviral treatment, liver function indicators, control attenuation index (CAP), and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) (P<0.05). After an average of 4 years of follow-up, 1 686 cases (17.9/100 person-years) showed no significant change in LF grade, 260 cases (2.8/100 person-years) demonstrated a decrease in LF grade, and 107 cases (1.1/100 person-years) exhibited an increase in LF grade. Stratified by baseline treatment status, among patients with chronic HBV infection who did not undergo treatment, baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR=5.50, 95%CI：1.79-16.83, P=0.003) and LSM (OR=3.35, 95%CI：1.23-9.13, P=0.018) were identified as risk factors for LF progression. In contrast, among patients who underwent antiviral treatment, baseline aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (OR=2.23, 95%CI：1.41-3.53, P<0.001) and total bilirubin (TBIL) (OR=1.79, 95%CI：1.14-2.81, P=0.012) levels were identified as risk factors for LF progression. Conclusion LSM and liver function indicators, such as ALT, AST, and TBIL, are important influencing factors for LF progression. The monitoring of LSM and liver function indicators will be of great significance for the prevention and early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.

Objective:To construct a remote screening network for breast cancer based on automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and explore the value of ABUS with remote reading for breast cancer screening.Methods:We constructed a remote breast cancer screening network including one remote reading center and 48 image-acquisition centers. We recruited women to participate in breast cancer screening at one of these image-acquisition centers from January 2021 to January 2023. The technicians collected the whole breast images using the ABUS. The images were then sent to the reading center through the PVBUS System and interpreted independently by two radiologists using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). BI-RADS categories 1 and 2 indicate negative screening results, and women diagnosed with these categories were recommended for annual breast ultrasound screening. BI-RADS categories 3, 4, and 5 indicate positive results. Women with BI-RADS category 3 lesions were recommended for follow-up examinations every 6 months using ABUS or handheld ultrasound, while those with BI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions were suggested to undergo pathological examinations.Results:In our study, we enrolled 10 344 women who completed the ABUS screening and were followed up for more than 12 months. After remote reading, 6 164 women were diagnosed with BI-RADS category 1 and 2 626 woman were within BI-RADS category 2. In contrast, 1 404 women were within BI-RADS category 3, a total of 135 women were within BI-RADS category 4, and 15 women were within BI-RADS category 5. The positive screening rate of ABUS was 15.0% (1 554/10 344). The ABUS with remote reading had a detection rate of 3.7/1 000 (38/10 344) for breast cancer screening, with a sensitivity of 97.4% (38/39) and a specificity of 85.3% (8 789/10 305). Among the 38 breast cancer cases detected, 92.1% (35/38) were invasive carcinomas, and 63.2% (24/38) were stage 0 or Ⅰ breast cancers.Conclusions:Breast cancer screening based on ABUS with remote reading provided an efficient and feasible solution to the problem of unevenly distributed medical resources and medical staff levels in various regions of China, enabling the decentralization of high-quality medical resources and improving the accessibility of high-quality screening services. It has provided an alternative for breast cancer screening in China.

Objective:To establish the evaluation criteria for the quality of nursing care in orthopaedic trauma specialties, and to provide a basis for scientific evaluation of the quality of nursing care in orthopaedic trauma specialties.Methods:From February to October 2023, John Hopkinson evidence-based method was used to synthesize the evidence, clinical investigation and semi-structured interview were used to draw up the "quality standard of nursing care in orthopaedic trauma specialty", and two rounds of Delphi method of expert inquiry were used to screen, demonstrate and calibrate the evaluation standard of nursing quality in orthopaedic trauma specialty.Results:The questionnaire recovery rate of 2 rounds of expert consultation was 100.00%, the coefficient of familiarity and authority of 2 rounds of expert consultation were 0.92 and 0.93. Through 2 rounds of expert letter consultation, the quality evaluation criteria of orthopaedic trauma specialist care were established, including 3 first-level indicators (structural quality, process quality and outcome quality), 22 second-level indicators and 85 third-level indicators.Conclusions:The process of constructing the evaluation standard of nursing quality in orthopaedic trauma specialty is scientific and reliable, which can provide standard guidance for clinical practice and is conducive to the development of specialized nursing.

Objective:To investigate the association of urinary cadmium levels with peripheral leukocyte classification counts among middle-aged and older adults aged 40 to 89 years in selected areas of China.Methods:The research was based on the survey of the impact of soil quality of agricultural land on human health in typical areas conducted in 2019-2020. A total of 5 600 middle-aged and older adults aged 40 to 89 years were included by using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Baseline characteristics of the subjects were collected and physical examinations were performed. Random midstream urine was collected to measure urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine and fasting venous blood was collected to measure the leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count and eosinophil count. The linear mixed effect model was used to analyse the association of urinary cadmium levels with leukocyte classification counts, and the dose-response relationship between them was analyzed by using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) function.Results:The age of the subjects was (63.17±12.02) years; 2 851 (50.91%) were males; and the M ( Q 1, Q 3) of urinary creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium levels was 2.69 (1.52, 4.69) μg/g·creatinine. After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of linear mixed effects model analysis showed that for each 1-unit increase in urinary creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium level, the percentage change [% (95% CI)] of leukocyte count and lymphocyte count was -1.70% (-2.61%, -0.79%) and -1.57% (-2.86%, -0.26%), respectively. RCS function showed a negative linear relationship between urinary creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium levels and leukocyte counts and lymphocyte counts, respectively (all Pnon-linear>0.05). Conclusion:Urinary cadmium levels are negatively associated with leukocyte count and lymphocyte count among middle-aged and older adults aged 40 to 89 years in selected areas of China.

Objective:To investigate the association of urinary cadmium levels with peripheral leukocyte classification counts among middle-aged and older adults aged 40 to 89 years in selected areas of China.Methods:The research was based on the survey of the impact of soil quality of agricultural land on human health in typical areas conducted in 2019-2020. A total of 5 600 middle-aged and older adults aged 40 to 89 years were included by using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Baseline characteristics of the subjects were collected and physical examinations were performed. Random midstream urine was collected to measure urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine and fasting venous blood was collected to measure the leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count and eosinophil count. The linear mixed effect model was used to analyse the association of urinary cadmium levels with leukocyte classification counts, and the dose-response relationship between them was analyzed by using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) function.Results:The age of the subjects was (63.17±12.02) years; 2 851 (50.91%) were males; and the M ( Q 1, Q 3) of urinary creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium levels was 2.69 (1.52, 4.69) μg/g·creatinine. After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of linear mixed effects model analysis showed that for each 1-unit increase in urinary creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium level, the percentage change [% (95% CI)] of leukocyte count and lymphocyte count was -1.70% (-2.61%, -0.79%) and -1.57% (-2.86%, -0.26%), respectively. RCS function showed a negative linear relationship between urinary creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium levels and leukocyte counts and lymphocyte counts, respectively (all Pnon-linear>0.05). Conclusion:Urinary cadmium levels are negatively associated with leukocyte count and lymphocyte count among middle-aged and older adults aged 40 to 89 years in selected areas of China.

Objective:To explore the cognition and intention of patients with lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) to participate in patient-reported outcomes (PROs), so as to provide references for the promotion, application, and practice of PROs in lower limb DVT patients in China.Methods:This study adopted the phenomenological qualitative research method. From February to June 2023, 13 lower limb DVT patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected for semi-structured in-depth interviews. Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used for analyzing and summarizing data.Results:Thirteen patients with lower limb DVT highly recognized their own value in participating in PROs, namely health benefits, prevention of DVT complications, and reduction of disease uncertainty. Lower limb DVT patients expected to receive support from healthcare professionals, families, and portable and simplified reporting formats to promote their participation in PROs. From the patient 's own perspective, they perceived that insufficient attention to DVT caused by lack of awareness of the hazards of DVT and limited understanding of PROs made it difficult for them to participate in PROs. Conclusions:Lower limb DVT patients have a high intention to participate in PROs. The application and promotion of PROs in lower limb DVT patients in China require joint support from various sectors of society, among which strengthening effective health education for patients and their families and providing multi-channel reporting forms are the key to promoting of PROs.

Objective:To construct a tool to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses in the prevention of thrombosis related to peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) .Methods:From December 2022 to April 2023, based on the theory of knowledge, attitude, and practice, a preliminary draft of the PICC-related Thrombosis Prevention Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Nurses was formed through systematic literature review, two rounds of Delphi expert consultations, and pre-survey. In May 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 573 nurses from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Hospital as the research subject for a survey to conduct item analysis, validity testing, and reliability testing on the questionnaire.Results:The final version of the PICC-related Thrombosis Prevention Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Nurses included 20 knowledge items, 10 attitude items, and 10 practice items. In the content validity of the questionnaire, the average content validity index was 0.984, the overall consensus content validity index was 0.850, and the item level content validity index was 0.857 to 1.000. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors with eigenvalues>1.000, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.540% and factor loadings of 0.450 to 0.908 for each item. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.895, the half reliability coefficient was 0.947, and the retest reliability coefficient was 0.966.Conclusions:The PICC-related Thrombosis Prevention Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Nurses has good reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate PICC-related thrombosis prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice among nurses.

Quality-sensitive indicators in nursing, as standards for evaluating nursing quality management, can quantitatively determine nursing outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive review of the framework and content of quality-sensitive indicators for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention nursing care. The indicators are discussed from three dimensions: structure, process, and outcome. The aim is to provide a reference for the future development of unified and standardized quality-sensitive indicators for VTE prevention nursing care, in order to guide clinical nurses in standardized preventive practices.

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a common complication and cause of death in cancer patients. Accurately and efficiently identifying high-risk groups for CAT using risk assessment models and implementing targeted early prevention is key. Although numerous CAT risk assessment models currently exist, their predictive capabilities vary across different populations. This article provides a comprehensive review of CAT risk assessment models and their application status, aiming to offer a reference for clinical nursing staff to understand and choose appropriate risk assessment tools.