OBJECTIVE:To use the computer in the modern management of the files of therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM). METHODS: According to the general procedure of TDM, an application software was programmed with database programming technic .RESULTS & CONCLUSION:This software can be used in the daily work for TDM,and the database created by this software can be used in the data statistics, inquiry and analysis of clinical information. It is worth recommendation for clinical pharmacy in hospital.

Objective To observe the effect and adverse reactions of lobaplatin or cisplatin combined with irinotecan(CPT-11)in the second line treatment of small cell lung cancer(SCLC).Methods 5 6 cases of SCLC failed in the first line treatment scheme of etoposide combined with cisplatin and progressed within 3-6 months were randomized into the lobaplatin group (lobaplatin +CPT-11)and the cisplatingroup(cisplatin+CPT-11).The lobaplatin group:lobaplatin 30 mg/m2 by intravenous drip on d 1,and CPT-11 65 mg/m2 by intravenous drip on d 1,8.The cisplatin group:cisplatin 25 mg/m2 by intravenous drip on d 2,3,4,and CPT-11 65 mg/m2 by intravenous drip on d 1,8.After more than 2 cycles of chemotherapy,the therapeutical effects were evaluated.The short term effects and the toxic and side effects were compared between the two groups.Furthermore,the time to progression (TTP)and the overall survival(OS).Results In the lobaplatin group(30 cases),the overall response rate(RR)was 36.7% with the disease control rate (DCR)of 66.7%;in the cisplatin group(26 cases),the overall RR was 34.6% with DCR of 65.4%,the difference between the two groups had no statistical significance(P>0.05).The median TTP and OS were 4.5 months and 8.5 months in the lobaplatin group,while which were 4.3 months and 8.4 months in the cisplatin group respectively,the difference in the overall RR and DCR between the two groups had no statistical significance(P>0.05)The main toxicity in the lobaplatin groups was bone marrow depression and which in the cisplatin group were the digestive tract reaction and bone marrow depression without statistical differences between the two groups(P>0.05).The occurrence rate of degreeⅢ-Ⅳ of nausea and vomiting in the cispl-atin group was significantly higher than that in the lobaplatin group with statistical difference between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion lobaplatin combined with CPT-1 1 as the second line treatment of SCLC has definite effect with tolerable toxicity reac-tion;compared with the scheme of cisplatin plus CPT-1 1 ,the effect is similar,which deserves to be further studied and observed.

BACKGROUND: The existence of chronic heel pain induced by the injury of inferior calcaneal nerves prompted us .to conduct an anatomic study of the innervations of the medial and inferior calcaneal nerves, so as to avoid nerve injury during plantar operation.OBJECTIVE: To study the innervations and course of the medial and inferior calcaneal nervesDESIGN: Single specimen experiment.SETTING: Anatomical Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: This study was completed at the Anatomical Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College between August 2002 and December 2004.Totally 36 lower limbs from volunteer donators or adult corpus provided by related department were routinely antisepticised for anatomical study.METHODS: Tibia nerve was separated from the middle 1/3 of leg until it branches into the medial plantar nerve (MPN) and the lateral plantar nerve (LPN), so as to investigate the origin, course, branches and innervation of the medial and inferior calcaneal nerve (MCN and ICN). The line linked the medial condyle center and plantar center was used as reference, nerve scored"0"if passed through the line, and scored positive value if above and negative value if below the line.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The origin, course, branches and innervations of MCN and ICN in adults.RESULTS: Both medial and inferior calcaneal nerve could be identified in all 36 specimens. ① The source of MCN: 27 (75%) were found deriving from tibia nerve, 7 from LPN (19%) and 2 from tibia nerve and LPN (6%).② The branches of medial plantar nerve: 29 (81%) nerves had major branches, most of which lay superficial to the abductor hallucis muscle (AH) in the fat pad or under skin. ③ The source of ICN: 31 (86%) were found deriving from LPN, 3 from tibia nerve (8%) and 2 from MPN (6%).④ The origin of inferior calcaneal nerve: At (1.7±4.5) cm beneath the reference. ⑤ The branch and innervations of ICN: 24 nerves had two major branches (67%), most of which lay superficial to the medial edge of plantar quadratus.CONCLUSION: The origin, course, and innervations of MCN and ICN were relatively stable, it is preferable to take lateral process in plantar operation, and should be as rear as possible if taking inferior process so as to avoid nerve injury.

Objective To investigate the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) on apoptosis of cultured human cytotrophoblast cells and its possible mechanism involved in pathogenesis of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome.Methods Human cytotrophoblast cells from three term pregnancy(37-39 weeks) women were cultured and divided into four groups: normal control group,5-HT groups(0.1,1 and 10 ?mol?L~(-1)).The cells were cultivated for 3,6,12 and 24 h,respectively.Apoptotic index was measured by TdT-mediated biotinyated-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) and morphological features of apoptotic cells were observed under electron microscope.Results When cells were cultivated for 3,6,12 and 24 h,compared with the normal control group(1.21?0.97,2.30?1.24,3.89?2.32 and 7.34?5.59,respectively),apoptotic indexes of cytotrophoblast cells in(10 ?mol?L~(-1)) 5-HT group were significantly increased(8.40?2.48,17.82?5.43,29.53?7.41,(45.56?)12.10,respectively)(P0.05).The significant morphological changes of apoptotic cytotrophoblast cells in various groups were found under electron microscope.Apoptotic cytotrophoblast cells were obviously compact and the chromatins were formed as mass and apoptotic bodies were also found under electron microscope.Conclusion 5-HT can promote the apoptosis of human cytotrophoblast cells and its mechanism may be correlated with pregnancy induced-hypertension syndrome.

Objective To study the pharmacological action and clinical application of flavonoids.MethodsThe pharmacological effects of flavonoids were analyzed, and the related literatures were searched and analyzed.This paper describes the pharmacological action mechanism and clinical application of flavonoids, analyzes its biological activity, combined with the related structure and function, and gives a more detailed description of the study of flavonoids.ResultsAfter analysis, the pharmacological effects of flavonoids on human cardiovascular system, digestive system, nervous system, immune system, and so on have a certain impact.The effect of flavonoids on the nervous system is mainly manifested in the analgesic, anti-inhibition and anti-aging.The antibacterial and antiviral effects of flavonoids are mainly antibacterial, antiviral activity and anti HIV activity.Flavonoids have good protective effects on liver injury, such as chemical liver injury, alcoholic liver injury, immunological liver injury, reperfusion liver injury and so on.Flavonoids can inhibit the growth and reproduction of tumor cells, and can promote the expression of tumor suppressor genes and promote the proliferation of tumor cells.The chemical structure of flavonoids is similar to that of estrogen, which is a kind of isoflavone, which has the physiological action of estrogen, and has a certain effect on estrogen.ConclusionThe flavone is extracted from various plants, belonging to the polyphenol compounds, with certain biological activity, were analyzed for the clinical application of its pharmacological action, has many applications of anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, immunoregulation and liver protection and analgesic, a variety of biological activity, is widely applied in clinical.

Objective The sponge of the small intestinal submucosa(SSIS) is established by the material chemistry,in order to supply the database for the scaffold of the dermic tissue engineering.Methods At the regular temperature,the SSIS was conducted firstly by the physiochemical method.Then,the SSIS was crosslinked by the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) so as to get the three dimentional SSIS.The morphological feature was obtained by the lighting and electron microscope,ophthalmic oberservation,the embedding in the mouse of the SSIS was used to observe the adsorbing and immunology.The results were analyzed by statistic software.Results The crosslinked SSIS was regular in the structure and not loosen,the framework was equilibrium,the pore was abundant with the diameter of the 100 ～ 200μm,the difference was obvious (all P ＜ 0.05).The firstweek after embedding did not exist the adherence leukocyte infiltration,the vascularization occur in the third week.The material was completed and had no elastic degradation.Conclusion Reconstructed SSIS has completed structure,elastic with the vascularization and minor immunology,which could be used as the extracellular scaffold for the dermic tissue engineering.

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide synthase(NOS) is the key factor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) . Because NO combines with oxygen, hemoglobin and other substances in vivo easily and deactivates quickly, and it is not exactly determined, so determining the activity of NOS is the important link for further studying the pathogenesis of NO in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)injury.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of different types of NOS in the process of cerebral I/R injury.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Instituteof Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Shandong Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Encephalopathy from May to December 2005. Twenty-eight adult healthy male Wistar rats, of clean grade, weighing from 220 to 260 g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Shandong University. The involved rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group (n =4) and cerebral ischemia group (n =24). Six time points were set in cerebral ischemia group: ischemia 1 hour reperfusion 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days, 4 rats at each time point.METHODS: Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion were established by suture-occluded method through inserting a suture into the left internal-external carotid artery. The expressions of different types of NOS at different time points after cerebral I/R were detected by immunohistochemical technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Toluidine blue-stained two groups of nerve cells; ② The expression and distribution of neuronal NOS (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS(iNOS) at different time points.RESULTS: ①Karyopyknosis and cell debris appeared in the nerve cells of the injured region of cerebral ischemia group,and there were no significant differences of cells among different time points. ② Six hours after reperfusion, the expressions of nNOS, eNOS and iNOS were found in the neurons of brain tissue and increased with the elongation of time of reperfusion. The regions in which different types of NOS in neurons of brain tissue were expressed were cortical area and corpora striata. nNOS and iNOS were highly expressed within 12 hours to 7 days after reperfusion in the brain, and eNOS was highly expressed within a short time period, i.e. 6 hours to 3 days after reperfusion. eNOS expression increasing and decreasing occurred earlier than nNOS and iNOS. But the expressions of three kinds of NOS all reached peak on the first day after reperfusion. The changing tendencies of the expression of three kinds of NOS in the cortical area and corpora striata were the same basically.CONCLUSION: After cerebral I/R injury, the high expression of eNOS occurs early and lasts for a short time, while that of nNOS and iNOS occurs late and lasts for a long time.

Objective To investigate the association between apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype polymorphism and cerebral palsy (CP) in Han Chinese children. Methods Two hundred and forty Han Chinese children were selected, including 120 children with cerebral palsy (CP group) and 120 normal children (control group).Polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine the genotype and alleles of apoE genotype in the two groups. Results The genotype distributions of apoE in the two groups were consistent with the existence of a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There were significant differences in the distributions of allelic frequency and apoE genotype between the two groups. Carrying the ε4 allele was related to cerebral palsy, and the overall risk for cerebral palsy was elevated about 5.5-fold among children carrying the ε4 allele.Conclusions There is an association between apoE genotype and cerebral palsy, and apoE's ε4 allele is the associated risk factor.

Objective To investigate the expression of TMS1/ASC gene induced by gemcitabine(GEM) in pancreatic carcinoma cell line PANC-1.To study the relationship between cysteine aspartase(caspase-1),nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) and the expression of TMS1/ASC.Methods The pancreatic carcinoma cell line PANC-1 was cultured in Dnlbecco's modification of Eagle's medium(DMEM).Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT)method was used to measure the effect of GEM at different time points(24,48 h)at different concentrations(1,2,4,8,16 μg/ml) on growth of PANC-l.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of TMS1/ASC mRNA stimulated by medium alone and by GEM(4.27μg/ml)for 24 h and 48 h.Western blot analysis was performed with inhibitory protein of NF-κB multiclonal antibody,caspase-1 multiclonal antibody and β-actin monoclonal antibody to observe the expression of β-actin,caspase-1 and IκBα in GEM group and in the control group.The activation state of caspase-1 and NF-κB was examined.Results GEM inhibited the growth of PANC-1 cells in a concentrationand-time-dependent manners and its half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)was 4.27 μg/ml on 24 h.The expression of TMS1/ASC was 0.3 ±0.004 and 0.63 ±0.007 respectively in GEM group while it was 0.1 ±0.001 and 0.21 ± 0.006 in the control group on 24h and 48h.The difference between the 2 groups at the same time point had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01).Western blot showed that GEM caused the activation of caspase-1.The expression of IκBα had no obvious differencebetween the 2 groups.GEM couldn't induce the activation of NF-κB.Conclusions GEM can inhibit proliferation of PANC-1 cells and induce their apoptosis.The drug sensitivity decreased with prolongation of exposure time.GEM might induce and increase the expression of TMS1/ASC,which might influence the apoptosis of the cells later.The apoptosis of PANC-1 cells induced by GEM is dependent of caspase-1 signaling pathway and independent of NF-κB signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE:To emphasis the importance to unceasingly upgrading of drug quality standard for drug quality and to arouse the attention of the related enterprises, medical institutions and governmental department to this matter. METHODS: The correlation between quality standard and drug quality was expounded systematically by citing examples and reviewing the pertinent literature, and the current status of drug quality standard in China was analyzed briefly. RESULT & CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to the evaluation of drug quality standard to improve drug quality standard level step by step and to ensure efficacy and safety of drugs.