Objective To understand occupational stress and burnout status of nurses working for general or cancer hospitals of Xinjiang so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and reduction of occupational stress and burnout of nurses.Methods A total of 497 nurses from a general hospital or a tertiary-level cancer hospital were recruited by using random sampling to learn their occupational stress and burnout.Results Of 497 participants,247 were working for comprehensive hospitals and 250 for cancer hospitals.In comparison with the norm,the nurses of general hospitals showed higher scores in occupational task dimension (t=14.316,P＜0.05) and personal strain dimension (t=25.416,P＜0.05),but lower scores in personal resource dimension (t=7.389,P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the nurses of cancer hospitals were found to have higher scores in occupational task dimension (t=15.840,P＜0.05) and personal strain dimension (t=15.694,P＜0.05),but lower scores in personal resource dimension (t=7.488,P＜0.05) when compared to the norm.Those working in general hospitals had higher scores in emotional exhaustion dimension (t=13.109,P＜0.05) and passive burnout dimension (t=13.198,P＜0.05) than the norm,while lower scores in professional sense dimension (t=17.716,P＜0.05).The nurses of cancer hospitals were observed to show higher scores in emotional exhaustion dimension (t=8.044,P＜0.05) and negative burnout dimension (t=1 1.111,P＜0.05) than the norm,while lower scores in professional sense dimension (t=20.820,P＜0.05).Conclusions Hospital managers should take efforts to control nurses' occupational stress and burnout-related factors so as to enhance their work initiative.

Objective To observe the effect of high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) on recurrence and metastasiscervical cancer.Methods Sixty-one recurrence or metastasis cervical cancer patients were divided into two groups.Group high-dose 3DCRT (high-dose group) received radiotherapy using 6 MV X ray 4-8 Gy per field,three times per week,with total dose of 35-50 Gy.The other group (other group) received radiotherapy using 6 MV X ray 2 Gy per field,5 times per week,with total dose 40-60 Gy.The short-term efficacy and complications between the two groups were compared.Results The tumor regression rates of the two groups were 76.7 ％ (23/30) and 67.7 ％ (21/31) (x2 =0.604,P ＞ 0.05),which had no significant difference.The 1-year survival rates [63.3 ％ (19/30),54.8 ％ (17/31)] (x2 =0.454,P ＞ 0.05)and the 2-year survival rates [26.7 ％ (8/30),29 ％ (9/31)] (x2 =0.042,P ＞ 0.05) had no significant difference either,but in high-dose group,the bone marrow inhibition rate [53.3 ％ (16/30)] was significantly lower than other group [77.4 ％ (24/31)] (x2 =3.91,P ＜ 0.05),the reaction of digestive tract [56.7 ％ (12/30)] was also significantly lower than other group [56.7 ％ (12/30)] (x2 =4.09,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with the other group,the high-dose 3DCRT has the same short-term efficacy but lower short-complications,and the quantity of life is better than the other group.

To explore the safety of ropinirole in the treatment of Parkinson′s disease( PD).A total of 221 PD patients participated in a multi-center,12-week randomized,bromocriptine-controlled,double-blind, double-dummy and parallel-group trial.The safety was assessed on the basis of adverse reactions , blood pressure,pulse,laboratory parameters and electrocardiography recordings.The incidence of adverse reaction was 34.9%in ropinirole group and 34.8% in bromocriptine group.And the frequency of adverse reactions had no inter-group statistical significance (χ2 =0.000,P=0.995).Ropinirole has an excellent profile of safety in the treatment of Chinese PD patients.

One hundred patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) aged 60 and above treated with levodopa were enrolled in this cross section study.The general conditions,medication,unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) scores and the incidence of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) were documented.The incidence rate of LID in this group of PD patients was 37.0％ (37/100).The incidence was significantly higher in patients with levodopa treatment ≥ 4 years than that in patients with levodopa treatment ＜ 4 years (55％ vs.26％,x2 =8.770,P =0.003).The incidence rate ofpeak dosage dyskinesia in tremor-dominant PD patients was lower than that in rigidity-dominant PD patients(x2 =4.399,P =0.036).The incidence rate of LID was correlated with the duration of levodopa therapy.Amantadine may reduce the incidence of off dystonia.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Parkinson's disease treatment guideline on the initial medicine therapy and to explore the impact of hospital grade level and type of insurance on the initial prescription for Parkinson's disease.Methods We identified 136 PD patients as part of a population-based study in Beijing and made a comparison between the patients with initial prescriptions of dopamine receptor agonists (DA) and levodopa (LD).Results Among 136 patients,excluding patients without initial medication of levodopa or dopamine receptor agonist,there were 61 cases with initial drug administration aged ≥ 65 years.Among the 61 cases,1 cases and 19 cases administrated dopamine receptor agonist and levodopa respectively before 2006,1 case and 11 cases respectively from 2007 to 2009,and 5 cases and 24 cases respectively after 2010.There was no significant difference in the percentage between patients with initial administration of levodopa and dopamine receptor agonist in the three periods (x2 =1.891,P =0.388).In 41 patients with initial drug administration of dopamine receptor agonist or levodopa aged＜65 years,1 cases and 23 cases administrated dopamine receptor agonist or levodopa respectively before 2006,0 case and 10 cases respectively from 2007 to 2009,and 3 cases and 4 cases respectively after 2010.There was significant differences in the percentage between patients with initial administration of levodopa and dopamine receptor agonist in the three periods (x2 =10.644,P=0.005).The percentage of patients with initial administration of dopamine receptor agonist aged＜65 years was increased after 2010 as compared before 2006 (x2 =7.219,P=0.028).There were no significant differences in the percentage of patients with initial administration of dopamine receptor agonist between grade 3 and non-grade 3 hospitals (13.6％ vs.6.3％,x2=0.675,P=0.686)and between patients with and without insurance (13.1％ vs.10.0％,x2=0.141,P=1.000).Conclusions The percentage of patients with initial administration of levodopa and dopamine receptor agonist has no significant difference between patients with initial drug administration aged ≥ 65 years before and after the introduction of Parkinson's disease treatment guideline,while the percentage is increased in patients with initial drug administration aged＜65 years.No impact of hospital grade level and type of insurance on initial administration for Parkinson's disease is found.

Objective To investigate the expression level of adenosine 2A receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes and the correlation with disease progression of Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods In this retrospcctive study,out patients with PD(42 cases)and healthy controls(32 cases) were recruited at Beijing Hospital.The expression level of A2A receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry.The concentration of free A2A receptors in plasma was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of A2A receptors and plasma free A2A receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the PD group and the control group was compared.Multivariate regression analysis and single factor correlation analysis were performed on sex,age,course of disease,duration of medication,drug type and dose,motor complications,and PD unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS)score.Results A2A receptor expression in lymphocytes was significantly higher in the PD group than in the control group (8.96 ± 4.73)％ vs.(5.39±2.42)％ (t=4.210,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in A2A receptor concentrations in plasma between the two groups (1.82 ± 1.91) μg/L vs.(1.15 ± 0.71) μg/L(t=1.078,P＞0.05).In the PD group,A2A receptor expression in lymphocytes in patients with motor complications was statistically lower than in patients without them (P＜ 0.05).Lymphocyte A2A receptor levels in the 5-9 years duration subgroup were significantly lower than those in the ＜5 years duration subgroup (Z=2.780,P＜0.01) and the≥10 years duration subgroup (Z=-2.149,P＜0.05).Conclusions The expression of A2A receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes is correlated with PD.The expression of A2 A receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with PD fluctuates with the occurrence of motor complications and the progression of disease.Further research is needed to establish A2A receptors as a biomarker for monitoring disease progression.

Objective To understand the quality of sleeping in medical students, and provide a reference basis for designing sleep health management program for college students. Methods The survey was conducted at a medical college in Shanxi province with stratified random sampling and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. Totally 210 individuals were enrolled, 199 completed the questionnaire, with a response rate of 93.5%. SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out for socio-demographic data. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and non-parametric test were used to compare the scores of PSQI between participants. Multiple stepwise linear regression was used to determine influencing factors of sleep quality. Results The average score of PSQI for the 199 medical students interviewed was (6.74±2.42), the incidence of sleep disorder was 50.25%, the overall sleep quality was not high. Learning pressure of medical student had statistically significant in PSQI (Completely unmatched, 5.14 ± 2.32, Mostly unmatched, 5.93 ± 2.73, Mostly matched, 6.70 ± 2.42, Absolutely matched, 7.39 ± 2.10, F=3.366, P=0.020), employment pressure of medical students in PSQI (Completely unmatched, 6.50 ± 0.71, Mostly unmatched, 6.80 ± 3.24, Mostly matched, 5.98 ± 2.14, Absolutely matched, 7.14 ± 2.35, F=3.134, P=0.027). Grade (β=-0.172, P<0.05) and learning pressure (β=0.210, P<0.01) were the main influence factors for students. Conclusion Sleep quality of medical students was not high, upper grade was worse than low grade, the incidence of sleep disorder had increasing trend as learning pressure and degree of employment pressure worsen.

The professional quality training ofthree orientedpersonnel training mode is one of the three core, which requires medical students to have lifelong learning ability. This study mainly describes the proposed concept of lifelong learning ability, expounds the necessity of lifelong learning ability, and analyzes the connotation, objective and strategies of improving the medical students'!lifelong learning ability under the framework of three oriented medical talents training mode. The training strategy has been discussed mainly from five aspects such as strengthening medical humanistic education, creating a lifelong learning atmosphere in campus, optimizing teaching methods, reform the course of career development and employ-ment guidance, reforming the course of career development and employment guidance, reforming the teaching of medical literature retrieval course and establishing the personal growth archives.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and analyze the relationship of HP infection with the symptoms, disease progression and motor complications of PD.Methods 72 PD outpatients were randomly selected, and 100 gender and age-matched subjects who took health physical examination were considered as healthy controls.Basic data were collected and estimated by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr stage, the 39-item Parkinson' s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL), Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA).All subjects underwent 13C-urea breath test to determine Helicobacter pylori infection status.Results There was no significant difference in H P infection rate between PD and control groups [37.5 ％ (27 cases)vs.32.0％ (32 cases), P=0.45].According to the initial symptoms, PD patients were divided into two groups: bradykinesia/ rigidity group and tremor group.The HP infection rate was higher in bradykinesia/rigidity group than in tremor group [52.2％ (12 cases) vs.30.6％ (15 cases)], but had no significant difference (P=0.08).The mean HY stage was higher in the HP-infected patient group than in the non-infected group [(2.6±0.7) vs.(2.2±0.9), P=0.03].The HP infection rate was higher in patients with HY stage ≥2 than with HY stage ＜2 [46.4％ (26 cases) vs.6.3％ (1 case),P=0.003].There were no correlations of HP infection with gender, age, age of onset, UPDRS, UPDRS-Ⅲ, PDQ-39, the course of the disease, wearing-off phenomenon, and dyskinesias.Conclusions The PD patients with HP infection are mainly at middle-and late-stage.HP infection may be related with the progress of the disease.It needs further study and validation by expanding the sample to investigate whether HP infection affects the motor complications.

Aim To evaluate the antitumor activity of dianhydrogalactitol ( DAG) in vitro, and further clarify its underlying mechanisms. Methods The inhibitory effect of DAG in NCI-H460 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. The morphology of cells treated with DAG was observed under optical mi-croscope. Nuclear morphology was captured by fluores-cence microscopy after Hoechst 33342 staining. Real-time PCR was used to analyze the expression level of topoisomerase Ⅱ ( Topo Ⅱ) mRNA. The protein ex-pression level of Topo Ⅱ was detected by Western blot. Additionally, molecular docking approaches were used to predict the interaction between DAG and TopoⅡ. Results DAG exhibited potent antitumor activity in NCI-H460 cells, and inhibited cell proliferation per-sistently. DAG obviously induced nuclear morphologi-cal changes of NCI-H460 cells. Furthermore, DAG could down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression level of Topo Ⅱ detected by Real-time PCR analysis and Western blot, respectively. Molecular docking predicted that DAG could bind to Topo Ⅱ. Conclu-sion DAG can significantly inhibit the proliferation of NCI-H460 cells, and its underlying mechanisms may involve the down-regulation of Topo Ⅱ mRNA and di-rect binding to Topo Ⅱ, leading to cancer cell death.