Objective To investigate the application value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of ovarian masses.Methods Ninety-four patients with ovarian masses were observed and undetermined by conventional ultrasound examinations who were underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound examinations and were made the time-intensity curve.By analyzing the perfusion characteristics and the quantitative parameters of time-intensity curve,we compared the difference of different masses.Results The perfusion characteristics and the quantitative parameters of the time-intensity curve were different.The arrival time and the time to peak intensity of benign masses were later than those of malignant tumors.The peak iniensity of benign masses was lower than that of malignant tumors.There was a significant difference between the two groups.The arrival time and the time to peak intensity of benign tumors were later than those of malignant tumors.The peak intensity of benign tumors was lower than that of malignant tumors.There was a significant difference between the two groups.The time to peak intensity of non-tumorous lesions was later than that of malignant tumors.The peak intensity of non-tumorous lesions was lower than that of malignant tumors.There was a significant difference between the two groups.The arrival time of non-tumorous lesions was earlier than that of benign tumors.There was a significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion The perfusion characteristics and the quantitative parameters that draw from the time-intensity curve of different masses are different.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is contributive to the diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of different masses.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound also has great clinical values to those ovarian masses whose ultrasonic appearance is complex and difficult to diagnose qualitatively.

Objective To investigate the expression of ?-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid(AMPA) receptor subunit proteins GluR2/3 in the postnatal rat cochlear nucleus(CN), and the relationship with the auditory brainstem response(ABR).Methods The thresholds of ABR of different age SD rats were recorded respectively,and the expression of GluR2/3 in CN was detected with FITC-immunocytochemistry.Results ①P1w SD rats did not show ABR wave, and there was no significant difference in the ABR threshold among P4w,P9w and P15w SD rats. ②GluR2/3 was expressed in all sorts of neurons of CN of every postnatal groups, the expression of P4w rats was denser than that of P1w, P9w and P15w rats. The immunostaining of P4w rats was located at the cell membrance, while P9w and P15w rats in the endochylema majoritily. Conclusion The different expression and distribution of GluR2/3 in different age rat CN may be involved in the development of auditory centre.

Objective: To investigate the effects of ovarian cancer cells on the glycolysis metabolism and functions of peripheral CD4 + T cells. Methods: We established a coculture system of human CD4 + T cells with ovarian cancer cell SKOV3, and the mRNA expression levels of 8 glycolysis-related genes (mTORC1, HIF1α, GLUT1, GPI, ENO1, PKM2, LDHα and PDK1) in cocultured CD4 + T cells were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The levels of glucose uptake and glycolysis were detected by colorimetry. The proportion of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T cells was tested by flow cytometry. The proliferation levels of CD4 + T cells were measured by tritium incorporation method. The expression levels of 8 glycolysis-related genes in peripheral CD4 + T cells were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in 10 ovarian cancer (OC) patients, 10 benign ovarian tumor (BOT) patients and 10 healthy control (HC). Results: Results: Compared with the CD4 + T cells in single culture without SKOV3, the expression levels of 8 glycolysis-related genes in CD4 + T cells cocultured with SKOV3 were elevated (all P＜0.01). The levels of glucose uptake and glycolysis were increased (P＜0.05). The proportion of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T cells was up-regulated (P＜0.05) and the proliferation levels of CD4 + T cells were decreased (P＜0.05). Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of all the glycolysis-related genes were increased (all P＜0.05) in the peripheral CD4 + T cells of OC patients compared with BOT patients and HC. Conclusion Ovarian cancer cells could promote the glycolysis metabolism of CD4 + T cells, which may be relevant to its differentiation and functions.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease in which a large amount of fat accumulates in hepatocytes due to lipid metabolism disorders. Conventional anti-inflammatory and transaminase-lowering treatment regimens often have an unsatisfactory therapeutic effect, and restoring the normal biosynthesis and metabolism of lipids is the key to the treatment of NAFLD. Studies have shown that brown adipose tissue can improve metabolic diseases by enhancing insulin sensitivity and regulating lipid metabolism, and the treatment of NAFLD by promoting white fat browning has attracted wide attention in the medical field. This article reviews the mechanism of white fat browning in improving NAFLD and summarizes the hepatokines that can promote white fat browning, so as to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of NAFLD.