Objective To compare the effect and adverse reaction of ultrasound-guided ESWL and UPL in the treatment of ureteral stones.Methods According to the different treatment method,80 patients with ureteral stones were divided into URL group and ESWL group.The effective rate and the incidence rate of complications were compared between the two groups.Results In ESWL group,the success rate for upper gravel was 92.3％,the success rate of lower ureteral stone lithotripsy was 55.6％,there was significant difference between them(x2 =0.049,P ＜ 0.05).In UPL group,the success rate of lower ureteral stone lithotripsy was 96.0％,and the total success rate of stone was 87.5％,while those in ESWL group were 55.6％ and 75.0％,the differences were significant between the two groups(x2 =0.001,0.032,all P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the success rate of upper gravel between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).The incidence rate of hematuria in ESWL group was 82.5％,which was significantly lower than 97.5 ％ in the UPL group (x2 =0.034,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rates of fever,pain in renal region,nausea and vomiting were 17.5％,42.5％,37.5％ in the ESWL group,which were significandy higher than those in the UPL group (x2 =0.023,0.033,0.004,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with ESWL,UPL has high success rate of lower ureteral stone lithotripsy,less complications.

Objective To observe the effect and adverse reactions of lobaplatin or cisplatin combined with irinotecan(CPT-11)in the second line treatment of small cell lung cancer(SCLC).Methods 5 6 cases of SCLC failed in the first line treatment scheme of etoposide combined with cisplatin and progressed within 3-6 months were randomized into the lobaplatin group (lobaplatin +CPT-11)and the cisplatingroup(cisplatin+CPT-11).The lobaplatin group:lobaplatin 30 mg/m2 by intravenous drip on d 1,and CPT-11 65 mg/m2 by intravenous drip on d 1,8.The cisplatin group:cisplatin 25 mg/m2 by intravenous drip on d 2,3,4,and CPT-11 65 mg/m2 by intravenous drip on d 1,8.After more than 2 cycles of chemotherapy,the therapeutical effects were evaluated.The short term effects and the toxic and side effects were compared between the two groups.Furthermore,the time to progression (TTP)and the overall survival(OS).Results In the lobaplatin group(30 cases),the overall response rate(RR)was 36.7% with the disease control rate (DCR)of 66.7%;in the cisplatin group(26 cases),the overall RR was 34.6% with DCR of 65.4%,the difference between the two groups had no statistical significance(P>0.05).The median TTP and OS were 4.5 months and 8.5 months in the lobaplatin group,while which were 4.3 months and 8.4 months in the cisplatin group respectively,the difference in the overall RR and DCR between the two groups had no statistical significance(P>0.05)The main toxicity in the lobaplatin groups was bone marrow depression and which in the cisplatin group were the digestive tract reaction and bone marrow depression without statistical differences between the two groups(P>0.05).The occurrence rate of degreeⅢ-Ⅳ of nausea and vomiting in the cispl-atin group was significantly higher than that in the lobaplatin group with statistical difference between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion lobaplatin combined with CPT-1 1 as the second line treatment of SCLC has definite effect with tolerable toxicity reac-tion;compared with the scheme of cisplatin plus CPT-1 1 ,the effect is similar,which deserves to be further studied and observed.

Oridonin is a deterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescences. It has excellent antitumor effect, whose mechanism is to induce apoptosis of tumor cells by mitochondrial pathway. Signal transduction pathway play an important part in cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and so on. Recent studies suggested that Oridonin may trigger mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by four signal transduction pathways,which were p53, Ras/Raf/ERK, PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathway. Further investigation on mitochondrial signal transduction pathway would be helpful to clarify the intracellular target and the antitumor molecular mechanism of ORI.

Objective To investigate the effect of Ras protein on the delayed myocardial protection of Lovastatin preconditioning in the ischemic and reperfused rat hearts.Methods 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly and evenly divided into three groups,model control group,N group and Lovastatin group.Lovastatin group was treated with 15mg Lovastatin per a kilogram once a day,N group treated with the same dose of Lovastatin with Lovastatin group and L-NAME 30mg per a kilogram once a day.Rat models of I/R were established with coronary occlusion 30 minutes and reperfusion 30 minutes of the left anterior descending artery after two-week's administration.The expression of Ras-GTPase protein in the heart tissue was determined and myocardial apoptosis was detected in all groups.Results The number of TUNEL positive myocardial nuclei in L group was remarkably reduced,compared with C group(t=2.32,P＜0.05).Ras-GTPase protein in the heart tissue was significantly inhibited in the L and N group,compared with C group(t=2.25,P＜0.05).Conclusion Lovastatin may have the delayed protective effect on the ischemie and reperfused rat heart,which effect may be correlated with inhibition of RasGTPase protein during the period of ischemia and reperfusion.Its protective effect was not correlated with NO.

OBJECTIVE:To use the computer in the modern management of the files of therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM). METHODS: According to the general procedure of TDM, an application software was programmed with database programming technic .RESULTS & CONCLUSION:This software can be used in the daily work for TDM,and the database created by this software can be used in the data statistics, inquiry and analysis of clinical information. It is worth recommendation for clinical pharmacy in hospital.

Objective:To isolate the invasive and non-invasive cells from primary human renal cell carcinoma(RCC) in vitro.Methods: Fresh RCC surgical specimens from 32 primary RCC patients were primarily cultured following enzyme digestion or mechanical minimization in vitro.In vitro invasion assay using the Transwell cultures coating Matrigel was performed for separation and recovery of invasive and non-invasive cells from the primary culture of 3 RCC patients.The concentration of Matrigel,recovery time and trypsinization were subsequently optimized.Results: The successful rate of primary culture was(90.6%)(29/32).Recovery of invasive cells was performed ideally when matrigel(diluted into 1.0 mg/ml and 20 ?l) was coated onto the filter of the well;cell suspension was at a concentration of 5?10~(5)/ml and invasive cells were recovered on the 5th day of culture.The growth of non-invasive cells was scattered,while that of the invasive cells was focal.The doubling time of invasive cells was 36.1 h and that of non-invasive was 50.6 h.Conclusion: The in vitro invasion assay using the Transwell is able to separate and recover the highly invasive primary RCC cells.The primary cells represent intact subpopulation composition,but it can hardly get through the life span of human primary tumor cells.

Objective:To establish orthotopic mouse models of human renal cell carcinoma and to separate metastatic or non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma(RCC) from the same source.Methods: Surgical specimens/cell suspensions were transplanted into the various tissues of BALB/c nude mice(subcutis,cellular orthotopic injection into renal capsule,perinephrium,surgical orthotopic implantation into renal capsule).Tumorigenicity and metastasis were subsequently evaluated.Immunohistochemical analysis was employed to determine the expression of VEGF,bFGF,P16,Bcl-2 and C-met in the metastatic and non-metastatic RCC xenograft.Results: The incidences of tumorigenicity and metastasis of orthotopic model were the highest,being at 73.3%(11/15)and 20%(3/15),respectively.Compared with the non-metastastic RCC, VEGF expression was upregulated in the metastatic RCC(P

Objective To study the application of percutaneous cannulated screw fixation in patients with unstable pelvic fractures.Methods According to the digital table,98 patients were randomly divided into the two groups,the control group were operated through plate fixation,and the observation group were operated through percutaneous cannulated screw fixation.Results After the surgery,the excellent rates were 89.8％ in the control group and 98.0％ in the observation group,which was significantly higher than that of the control group (x2 =4.68,P ＜ 0.05).The operative time,blood loss,wound length were (121.6 ± 26.4) min,(416.3 ± 39.2) mL,(134.5 ± 21.3) cm in the control group and (81.3 ± 19.2)min,(63.5 ± 12.8)mL,(15.8 ± 2.1)cm in the observation group.The operative time,blood loss,wound length were significantly lower than those of the control group (t =2.961,6.312,8.061,P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).Callus occurrence,fracture healing time were (14.2 ± 2.7) weeks,(10.1±2.9) weeks in the control group and (9.1 ± 1.4) weeks,(6.5 ± 1.5) weeks in the observation group.Callus occurrence,fracture healing time in the observation group were less than that of the control group (t =3.061,2.772,P ＜ 0.05).The control group had postoperative complications occurred in 10 patients,with an incidence of 20.4％,and the observation group had three cases of complications,the rate was 6.1％,the complications incidence of the observation group was significantly less than the control group (x2 =6.14,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Percutaneous cannulated screw fixation had significant effectiveness for patient with unstable pelvic fractures and fewer complications.

Based on the study of theory research and teaching practice, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics has tentatively put forward the concept of “teaching force”. At the same time, Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics has integrated various resources and systemat-ically constructed the teaching force cultivation mechanism focusing on “fanning out from point and line to area, two stage financing, internal and external drive”, which has effectively promoted the all-round development of young teachers in the teaching, personal, professional and organizational aspects.

As one of the most common hematologic malignancy,bone marrow involvement in lymphoma has diagnosis and therapeutic implications,especially in early chemotherapy curative effect evaluation.At present,the diagnosis of bone marrow involvement was mainly depend on bone marrow biopsy,but it has poor sensitivity suffered from sampling errors resulting in delayed treatment.Recently,with the development and perfect of imaging technology,the new means of detection with higher sensitivity and specificity are applied to diagnosis of bone marrow involvement.In this article,the application of imaging,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18F-FDG PET-CT in this area is reviewed.