Objective:To explore the protective effect of emodin on D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury and its mechanism.Methods:A total of 40 male BALB/c mice were randomly (random number) divided into 5 groups ( n=8 in each group): the control group, the emodin group, the D-GalN/LPS group, the emodin+D-GalN/LPS group and the 3-MA+emodin+D-GalN/LPS group. D-GalN (700 mg/kg) and LPS (10 μg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected to induce acute liver injury in mice. Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (15 mg/kg) and/or emodin (20 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected 30 min before the liver injury model. The animals were sacrificed under anaesthesia 6 h after D-GalN/LPS challenge, blood samples and liver tissues were collected. The levels of alanineaminotransferase (ALT) and aspartateaminotransferase (AST) in serum, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of liver tissues were determined by colorimetric quantitative method; the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by ELISA; the expression of LC3-II and Beclin 1 in the liver tissues were evaluated by Western blot; the pathological changes of liver was evaluated by HE staining. Animal survival rate was also analyzed. The one-way ANOVA was use to compare quantitative data, SNK- q test was used for pairwise comparison between two groups, and Games-Howell test was used when homogeneity of variance were not met. Results:Compared with the control group, the levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6 and MPO activity [(2 476.80 ± 263.14) U/L, (271.71 ± 47.15) U/L, (537.92 ± 89.35) pg/mL, (169.74 ± 25.52) pg/mL, and (1.37 ± 0.22) U/mg] were obviously increased in the D-GalN/LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with the D-GalN/LPS group, the levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6 and MPO activity [(1 248.01 ± 380.70) U/L, (142.59 ± 34.63) U/L, (288.91 ± 67.21) pg/mL, (61.83 ± 13.64) pg/mL, and (0.80 ± 0.21) U/mg] were obviously decreased in the emodin+ D-GalN/LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with the D-GalN/LPS group, the histopathological abnormalities in liver tissue were significantly alleviated and the survival rate of mice was improved in the emodin+ D-GalN/LPS group. Compared with the control group, the expression of LC3-II and Beclin1 was decreased in the liver tissue in the D-GalN/LPS group, while compared with the D-GalN/LPS group, the expression of LC3-II and Beclin1 was increased in the emodin+ D-GalN/LPS group. With co-administration of 3-MA, the protective effects of emodin in acute liver injury were reversed, the levels of AST, ALT, TNF-α, IL-6, and MPO [(2 398.78 ± 233.57) U/L, (242.79 ± 43.46) U/L, (505.07 ± 67.89) pg/mL, (151.46 ± 14.11) pg/mL, and (1.27 ± 0.15) U/mg] were increased, and the pathological damage of liver tissue was aggravated. Conclusions:Emodin alleviates D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury in mice, which may be related to the activation of protein LC3-II, Beclin1 and restored autophagy.

Objective:To understand the attitude, practice status and influencing factors of obstetric medical staff on sexual health care during pregnancy, and to provide reference for carrying out sexual education and training during pregnancy.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire on attitude and practice of obstetric medical staff towards sexual health care during pregnancy was used to investigate 462 obstetric medical staff in Guangdong Province from July to August, 2021,and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results:The attitude score of sexual health care during pregnancy among obstetric medical staff was (29.87 ± 5.96) points, and the practice score was (13.61 ± 1.23) points. Profession and hospital level affected obstetric medical staff′s attitude towards sexual health care during pregnancy ( P<0.05); profession, title and hospital level affected obstetric medical staff′s practice in providing pregnancy sexual health care ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Obstetric medical staff have a negative attitude towards sexual health care during pregnancy, and their active sexual health care behaviors need to be improved. Medical schools and work units need to strengthen the training and management of obstetric-related and reproductive health knowledge and skills to promote the effectiveness of pregnancy sexual education implementation and promotion.

Objective To explore the practice and effect of peer education in improving the empathic ability of in-service nurses. Methods A total of 122 in-service nurses at a tertiary hospital scoring below 60％ in empathy ability, were randomly divided into a control group and a research group by data table method. The nurses in the control group received theoretical training in empathy, and the nurses in the research group participated in peer-educated periodic empathy training activities. The Chinese version of interpersonal response index scale ( IRI-C) , nurses'humanistic care quality table, general self-efficacy scale were used before and after intervention. Results Before the intervention, the scores of the two groups of Chinese version of interpersonal response index scale ( IRI-C) , perspective-taking ( PT) , Fantasies ( FS) , empathic concern (EC) and Personal Distress (PD) were not statistically significant (P >0. 05). After intervention, the scores of the two groups of Chinese version of interpersonal response index scale ( IRI-C) , Fantasies ( FS) and Personal Distress ( PD) scores in the research group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the scoring before and after intervention in the control group (P>0. 05). The total score and personal pain (PD) dimensions of the Chinese version of interpersonal response index scale ( IRI-C) were significantly higher than those before the intervention ( P<0. 01). The total score of nurses' humanistic care quality, the score of humanistic care ability and humanistic care perception were all higher than those before intervention in the study group (P<0. 05), and differences are statistically significant. Conclusions The practice of peer-education empathy training can effectively improve the empathy and humanistic care quality of the in-service nurses, and improve the nursing service level.

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a serious complication that occurs following shock and/or liver surgery. Gut microbiota and their metabolites are key upstream modulators of development of liver injury. Herein, we investigated the potential contribution of gut microbes to HIRI. Ischemia/reperfusion surgery was performed to establish a murine model of HIRI. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were used for microbial analysis. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis were employed to study the host cell responses. Our results establish HIRI was significantly increased when surgery occurred in the evening (ZT12, 20:00) when compared with the morning (ZT0, 08:00); however, antibiotic pretreatment reduced this diurnal variation. The abundance of a microbial metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid was significantly higher in ZT0 when compared with ZT12 in the gut and this compound significantly protected mice against HIRI. Furthermore, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid suppressed the macrophage pro-inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. This metabolite inhibits histone deacetylase activity by reducing its phosphorylation. Histone deacetylase inhibition suppressed macrophage pro-inflammatory activation and diminished the diurnal variation of HIRI. Our findings revealed a novel protective microbial metabolite against HIRI in mice. The potential underlying mechanism was at least in part, via 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid-dependent immune regulation and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition in macrophages.