Objective To discuss the selection of conveyance and the temperature safeguards during the transport of blood specimens for centralized nucleic acid detection.Methods A total of five chips,which have been set every 10 minuets to record the temperature,have been placed in the Specimen box accordance with the appendix B ofblood transport requirements (WS/T 400-2012).Then,observe the temperature changes in case of ice been placed on both sides,sides and top,sides and bottom,sides and top,bottom of the specimen box respectively.Results In case of ice been placed on both sides of the specimen box,the temperatures were always higher than 10 ℃.In case of ice been placed on both sides and the top of the specimen box,the temperatures were all in range of 2-10 ℃ within 13 hours.In case of ice been placed on both sides and the bottom of the specimen box,only the temperatures of the top were always higher than 10℃.In case of ice been placed on both sides,top and bottom of the box,the temperatures of the bottom were always lower than 2 ℃.Conclusion In case of ice been placed on both sides and top of the box was the most appropriate temperature safeguards during the transport of blood specimens,while in the other cases,the temperatures were lower than 2 ℃,or higher than 10 ℃.

Objective:To evaluate the drug-drug interactions and the tolerability of combined medication between yimitasvir phosphate capsules with sofosbuvir tablets, omeprazole magnesium enteric-coated tablets, and rosuvastatin calcium tablets in healthy volunteers.Methods:A randomized, open, and continuous administration design was used in trial 1 (yimitasvir phosphate capsules with sofosbuvir tablets). 28 subjects were randomly divided into two groups. A non-randomized, open design was used in trial 2 (yimitasvir phosphate capsules with omeprazole magnesium enteric-coated tablets), and included 42 subjects divided into three groups. The open design method was used in trial 3 (yimitasvir phosphate capsules with rosuvastatin calcium tablets), and included 14 subjects. The plasma concentrations of yimitasvir phosphate, sofosbuvir and their main metabolites GS-331007, omeprazole and rosuvastatin were validated by a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Phoenix winNonlin software.Results:(1) in trial 1, after single and co-administration, the 90% CI of sofosbuvir C max and AUC 0-tau geometric mean ratio (GMR) were 152.0% (118.0% ~ 197.0%) and 230.0% (184.0% ~ 287.0%), with an increase of 52.0% and 130.0% compared to single dose of sofosbuvir, respectively. The 90% CI of GS-331007 C max GMR was 74.0% (67.5% ~ 81.2%) and reduced by 26% compared to single dose of sofosbuvir. (2) in trial 2, the 90% CI of C max GMR after yimitasvir single or co-administration at the same time, with a 4-hours interval, or with a 12- hours interval were 68.9% (44.5% ~ 106.7%) , 64.0% (43.8% ~ 93.6%) and 56.4%(38.9% ~ 81.9%), and the 90% CI of AUC 0-t GMR were 68.6% (46.5% ~ 101.2%), 68.3% (47.6% ~ 98.0%) and 60.5% (41.8% ~ 87.5%), respectively. Compared with single dose of yimitasvir, the C max and AUC 0-t were decreased by 31.1% and 31.4%, 36.0% and 31.7%, 43.6% and 39.5%, respectively. (3) In trial 3, after single and co-administration, the 90% CI of rosuvastatin C max and AUC 0-72 GMR were 172.4% (153.6% ~ 193.5%) and 158.0% (144.3% ~ 172.9%), respectively, with an increase of 74.9% and 60.5% compared to single dose of rosuvastatin. There were no serious adverse events and adverse events leading to withdrawal from the trial. Conclusion:Yimitasvir phosphate capsules have drug-drug interactions with sofosbuvir tablets, omeprazole magnesium enteric-coated tablets, and rosuvastatin calcium tablets.

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical characteristics and changes of pulmonary imaging of mineral oil aspiration pneumonia in children.

METHODThe clinical features, CT findings, and effects of corticosteroid therapy were analyzed in 16 children with mineral oil aspiration pneumonia, who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2003 to July 2013.

RESULTAll patients with mineral oil aspiration pneumonia had a history of mineral oil administration.Four patients had no clinical manifestations. Ten cases presented fever, and 8 of the 10 patients had fever in 4-8 h after taking mineral oil, and the temperature was between 39-40 °C. There were wheezing in 2 cases, shortness of breath in 6 cases, cyanosis in 1 case, dyspnea in 3 cases, and moaning in 2 cases, chest pain in 1 case, headache and abnormal EEG in 1 case.Six patients had rales in lungs. Peripheral blood white cells increased in 10 cases, and C- reactive protein elevated in 7 patients. Chest CT examination showed abnormal findings in 6 children, and the earliest CT was performed within 2 h after the accident. The rest 10 children got chest X-ray, and 9 of 10 children had abnormal findings. The earliest X-ray was done within 3 h after the accident. And the remaining 1 of 10 children showed no significant changes in the first chest X-ray 2-3 h after the accident until 3 days. All of the patients received corticosteroid and antibiotic treatments, 4 cases underwent bronchoalveolar lavage, 3 patients were given albumin, 6 cases received intravenous immunoglobulin. Three cases delayed in treatment with hormone because of misdiagnosis, and 2 of them had clearly secondary infections. Twelve patients recovered completely from oil aspiration pneumonia after 8 days to 5.5 months.

CONCLUSIONOil aspiration pneumonia in children occurs in almost all cases after mineral oil aspiration. Pulmonary opacities can be found by chest CT in most patients within 24 hours after mineral oil aspiration. Corticosteroids therapy was effective for patients with exogenous lipid pneumonia, which may inhibit the inflammatory response and possible pulmonary fibrosis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fever ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Mineral Oil ; adverse effects ; Pneumonia, Lipid ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed